BOTSWANA PROSPECTING: FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS by Mike Roberts to the 2019 Botswana Diamond Explorers Conference held at Jwaneng Mine in June.

1. MIKE ROBERTS
Jwaneng, 28th May 2019
BOTSWANA PROSPECTING:
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

2. 1
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3. 2
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• DIAMOND EXPLORATION FUNDAMENTALS
• BOTSWANA DISCOVERY PROFILE & OBSERVATIONS
• FUTURE EXPLORATION: NEW FRONTIERS UNDER COVER?

4. 3
DIAMOND EXPLORATION – WHAT INFORMATION IS REQUIRED?
KIMBERLITE
DISCOVERY
PIPE SIZE
DIAMOND
GRADE
DIAMOND
QUALITY

5. 4
MINE = ECONOMIC COMBINATION OF GRADE (CPHT), DIAMOND VALUE ($/CT) & TONNAGE (SIZE)

6. 5
BOTSWANA: KIMBERLITE DISCOVERY PROFILE
Kimberlite Field #
NxauNxau 31
Okwa 8
Orapa 86
Gope 6
Khutse-kikao 24
Kokong 66
Martinsdrift 8
Jwaneng 35
Mabuasehube 9
Tsabong 103
Lekgodu 9
Kgatleng 11
Other 5
TOTAL 401
Mochudi,
Orapa,
Letlhakane
Jwaneng,
Damtshaa,
Tsabong,
Kokong
Gope, CKGR
Orapa,
Lerala,
NxauNxau,
Sikwane,
TNK
Orapa, Jwaneng,
Tsabong, Kokong,
NxauNxau, KX36
Tsabong, Kokong
1980’s represented a
particularly low period
of investment in the
diamond industry
generally
Period of limited discovery:
Low greenfields exploration investment
Botswana heavily explored – certainly in
“easier terrains”, work in areas of residual
potential is costly and technically
challenging.

7. 6
DISCOVERY PROFILE CONT……
NXAU NXAU
KOKONG
JWANENG
TSABONG
LERALA
GOPE & CKGR
ORAPA
400+ KNOWN KIMBERLITES IN BOTSWANA:
• >85% ARE <90MA
• 10% ARE BETWEEN 160MA - 240MA
• ONLY 5% ARE >500MA

8. 7
THE OBVIOUS KIMBERLITE FIELDS IN BOTSWANA HAVE PROBABLY ALREADY BEEN FOUND.
WHERE WILL THE NEW DISCOVERIES COME FROM AND HOW WILL THEY BE MADE?
West
East
m
Kalahari
Basement: Proterozoic & Archaean
Limpopo Mobile Belt
Ghanzi-Chobe Belt
Karoo: sediments
Karoo: basalt
Kalahari
• NEW FRONTIERS – COVER & GEOLOGY?
• REVISIT KNOWN PIPES & FIELDS?
• BIG COMPLEX PIPES?
• SMALLER PIPES WITH HIGH QUALITY DIAMONDS?
• NEW TECHNOLOGY OR INNOVATION TO “UNMASK” HIDDEN PIPES?
SCHEMATIC WEST-EAST GEOLOGICAL SECTION ACROSS BOTSWANA WITH EXAMPLES OF KIMBERLITE INTRUSIONS OF KNOWN AGE RANGES.

9. 8
APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS FOR DISCOVERY UNDER COVER (TSABONG EXAMPLE)
CSAMT
LOCAL GEOLOGY – NO OUTCROP
REGIONAL AM
200m AM
100m AM GRADIOMETRY
20m GROUND MAGNETICS
i. High resolution

10. 9
AEM MAGNETICSGRAVITY
APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS FOR DISCOVERY UNDER COVER (TSABONG EXAMPLE)
ii. Multi-technique

11. 10
TSABONG: DATA INTEGRATION, MODELLING, DRILLING & GEOLOGY
Grey: Gravity model
Red: Magnetic model (VOXI)
Pink: EM 3D model
CSAMTCSAMT PROFILE

12. 11
• DIAMOND EXPLORATION FUNDAMENTALS
• A sound understanding of the fundamentals of diamond exploration is critical….
• ….as is the development of good technical skills, competence & expertise.
• BOTSWANA DISCOVERY PROFILE & OBSERVATIONS
• Botswana remains prospective for new economic discoveries, but will require innovative approaches.
• FUTURE EXPLORATION: NEW FRONTIERS UNDER COVER?
• Advanced geophysics and associated technology is an important tool in the future of diamond exploration.
• However, effective integration of data to understand the geology remains critical.
SUMMARY