This document discusses various types of environmental health hazards and pollution. It begins by defining key concepts like disease, pollution, contamination, toxins, and carcinogens. It then describes different types of pollution like toxic heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, radiation, noise, and thermal pollution. Specific health issues caused by different pollutants are provided like effects of asbestos, electromagnetic fields, and volcanoes releasing carbon dioxide. The document emphasizes many pollutants depend on dose and response levels to determine their toxicity.
The document discusses various common soil pollutants including those from agriculture, landfills, industrial processes, mining, oil and gas wells, radioactive waste, and household hazardous waste. It also discusses point source pollutants that come from identifiable sources like factories, landfills, and waste water treatment facilities, as well as nonpoint source pollutants carried by rain and snow runoff from various sources like farms, construction sites, and faulty septic systems. Finally, it mentions how biodiversity and species are affected by human activities like pollution, habitat loss from sprawl and logging/mining, and disruption of natural cycles through fire suppression.
The document discusses common global environmental health issues and their effects. It defines environment and its three components: physical, biological, and social. Major environmental issues addressed include water pollution, air pollution, climate change, and ozone depletion. Water pollution is caused by sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff and leads to diseases. Air pollution sources include vehicles, industries, and domestic activities and affects health and the environment. Environmental health issues in Pakistan include water quality, sanitation, air pollution, healthcare waste, and chemicals. Proper waste management is needed to reduce health risks from hazardous hospital waste.
The document discusses several environmental factors that can impact human health, including indoor and outdoor air quality, water quality, noise, radiation, and loss of green spaces. It outlines health risks from various pollutants like carbon monoxide, lead, and air toxins. Solutions proposed include reducing pollution sources, testing drinking water, and adopting more sustainable practices to protect habitats and slow climate change.
This document discusses the definition and components of environment and environmental health. It defines environment as the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism or ecological community. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the environment. The document then discusses various physical, biological and social/psychosocial factors that influence environmental health, as well as factors in air, water, soil and food that can impact human health. It provides guidelines on various water quality parameters and air pollutants.
This document provides an introduction to environmental health from Dr. Eman M. Mortada. It defines key terms, outlines learning objectives, and discusses the interdisciplinary nature of environmental health. Specifically, it explores the relationships between the environment, health, and disease. It examines how the environment can impact human health through various hazards like biological, chemical, and physical hazards. It also discusses how human activities impact the environment and provides some historical context of the field through figures like Hippocrates and John Snow.
This document provides an overview of environmental chemistry. It begins by defining environmental chemistry and describing the key environmental segments of the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It then discusses environmental quality standards, indicators of pollution including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids. The document outlines the scope of environmental chemistry and notes the need for public awareness of environmental issues.
The document discusses several topics related to environmental health and toxicology. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being. It also discusses what constitutes a disease and some factors that influence health like diet, genetics and stress. Additionally, it covers how the global disease burden is changing, emerging infectious diseases, conservation medicine, antibiotic resistance, and various types of toxins and how they affect the body. It also discusses toxicology, how toxins move and accumulate in the environment and organisms, and challenges around establishing health policy.
Pollution comes in many forms and has negative impacts on human health, ecosystems, and the environment. The document discusses several types of pollution including air, water, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste, and noise pollution. It provides examples of how each type of pollution occurs, its effects, and environmental and health consequences. Human activities such as industry, agriculture, and waste disposal are the primary causes of most pollution problems.
The document discusses various common soil pollutants including those from agriculture, landfills, industrial processes, mining, oil and gas wells, radioactive waste, and household hazardous waste. It also discusses point source pollutants that come from identifiable sources like factories, landfills, and waste water treatment facilities, as well as nonpoint source pollutants carried by rain and snow runoff from various sources like farms, construction sites, and faulty septic systems. Finally, it mentions how biodiversity and species are affected by human activities like pollution, habitat loss from sprawl and logging/mining, and disruption of natural cycles through fire suppression.
The document discusses common global environmental health issues and their effects. It defines environment and its three components: physical, biological, and social. Major environmental issues addressed include water pollution, air pollution, climate change, and ozone depletion. Water pollution is caused by sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff and leads to diseases. Air pollution sources include vehicles, industries, and domestic activities and affects health and the environment. Environmental health issues in Pakistan include water quality, sanitation, air pollution, healthcare waste, and chemicals. Proper waste management is needed to reduce health risks from hazardous hospital waste.
The document discusses several environmental factors that can impact human health, including indoor and outdoor air quality, water quality, noise, radiation, and loss of green spaces. It outlines health risks from various pollutants like carbon monoxide, lead, and air toxins. Solutions proposed include reducing pollution sources, testing drinking water, and adopting more sustainable practices to protect habitats and slow climate change.
This document discusses the definition and components of environment and environmental health. It defines environment as the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism or ecological community. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the environment. The document then discusses various physical, biological and social/psychosocial factors that influence environmental health, as well as factors in air, water, soil and food that can impact human health. It provides guidelines on various water quality parameters and air pollutants.
This document provides an introduction to environmental health from Dr. Eman M. Mortada. It defines key terms, outlines learning objectives, and discusses the interdisciplinary nature of environmental health. Specifically, it explores the relationships between the environment, health, and disease. It examines how the environment can impact human health through various hazards like biological, chemical, and physical hazards. It also discusses how human activities impact the environment and provides some historical context of the field through figures like Hippocrates and John Snow.
This document provides an overview of environmental chemistry. It begins by defining environmental chemistry and describing the key environmental segments of the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It then discusses environmental quality standards, indicators of pollution including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids. The document outlines the scope of environmental chemistry and notes the need for public awareness of environmental issues.
The document discusses several topics related to environmental health and toxicology. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being. It also discusses what constitutes a disease and some factors that influence health like diet, genetics and stress. Additionally, it covers how the global disease burden is changing, emerging infectious diseases, conservation medicine, antibiotic resistance, and various types of toxins and how they affect the body. It also discusses toxicology, how toxins move and accumulate in the environment and organisms, and challenges around establishing health policy.
Pollution comes in many forms and has negative impacts on human health, ecosystems, and the environment. The document discusses several types of pollution including air, water, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste, and noise pollution. It provides examples of how each type of pollution occurs, its effects, and environmental and health consequences. Human activities such as industry, agriculture, and waste disposal are the primary causes of most pollution problems.
This document discusses pollution, pollutants, and their effects. It defines pollution as any man-made addition to the environment that is not ecologically compatible. Pollutants are defined as any solid, liquid, or gaseous substances present in amounts that harm humans, plants, animals, or property. The document discusses different types of pollution like water, air, soil, and noise pollution. It also discusses attributes of pollutants like persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Measurement units for pollution like parts per million are also introduced. The document then discusses abatement and control of pollution through elimination of sources or treatment.
Environmental and nutritional diseases animatedJao Ancheta
This document discusses environmental diseases and the effects of environmental factors on global disease burden. It covers several topics:
1. Environmental factors are major determinants of health and causes of many human diseases through exposure in indoor, outdoor and occupational settings.
2. Environmental diseases can be caused by exposure to chemicals or physical agents in ambient, workplace and personal environments, and include diseases of nutritional origin.
3. Climate change is expected to increase incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and infectious diseases through rising temperatures and severe weather events. Developing countries will bear the greatest burden.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
This document contains lecture notes from Prof. Zaini Ujang on environmental chemistry. The notes cover topics such as pollution perspectives, major pollutants in water, atmosphere and soil, ecological systems and disturbances, and an introduction to environmental components and ecosystems. The lecture outline includes pollution perspective, major pollutants, effects of pollutants, fate of chemicals in the environment, and environmental monitoring techniques.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
This document discusses environmental decisions in the management of natural resources. It begins by defining the environment and natural resources, explaining that natural resources are an integral part of the environment. It then discusses sustainable development and how resource management aims to meet human needs while ensuring environmental sustainability for current and future generations. The document also discusses environmental impact assessments as an important decision-making tool that allows decision-makers to consider environmental impacts of projects. It provides leaders with responsibilities of complying with environmental regulations and reviewing operations and impacts. The document concludes by discussing improvements that have been made in Lagos, Nigeria to address previous environmental issues through sustainable development goals.
The document discusses environmental hygiene and environmental health. It defines key terms like hygiene, environment, health, disease, and risk. It outlines the main objectives and classification of environmental health science. It discusses the importance of studying environmental factors and their routes of exposure. It also explains concepts of prevention at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels, with a focus on primary prevention measures like health promotion and specific protection.
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle - Environment Science Community and EcosystemPreetiSinha52
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle - Environment Science Community and Ecosystem Concept
Energy flows through an ecosystem from producers to consumers. Energy flows from one trophic level to the next.
(troph = feeding)
Nutrients (matter) cycle in an ecosystem.
The processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are important in nutrient cycling and energy flow.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It focuses on the causes, effects, and methods of control for water pollution. The main causes of water pollution are industrial wastes, sewage water, and agricultural wastes. Effects include spread of waterborne diseases. Control methods include sewage treatment and effluent treatment. The document also briefly outlines solid waste management, causes of air pollution, and methods to control air pollution such as establishing industries away from cities.
Environment is one of the most important determinant of health. It includes the physical,biological and psychosocial environment. sustainable environment is needed to acquire good health. Environment is effected by many factors, so health is.
The document discusses various advances in environmental hygiene, including carbon sequestration, bioremediation, rainwater harvesting, and eco-friendly technologies in India. Carbon sequestration methods aim to reduce carbon dioxide levels by storing carbon in plants, soil, underground formations, and the ocean. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants into less toxic substances and has been applied to clean up soil, water, and other environmental sites. Rainwater harvesting techniques collect and store rainwater to replenish groundwater levels and ensure a sustained water supply. Eco-technologies developed in India utilize natural processes and green plants to treat pollution in water, soil, and air.
Biological magnification refers to the increasing concentration of a substance like a toxic chemical in successive trophic levels of a food chain. It occurs when organisms at the bottom of the food chain absorb pollutants at higher concentrations than their surroundings. This process can lead to biomagnification where organisms at higher trophic levels face increasing toxic effects as concentrations rise. Examples include the buildup of mercury in large predatory fish and birds of prey after mercury is absorbed by plankton and moves up the food chain. Controlling pollution inputs and improving waste management can help reduce biological magnification and its harmful impacts on ecosystems.
The document discusses various topics relating to environmental health including water quality, food safety, occupational health, air and water pollution sources and effects. It describes factors influencing health like pollutants versus toxicants and outlines responsibilities of environmental health services in areas such as water sanitation, waste disposal, and food hygiene.
This document discusses various types of pollution including noise, air, water, soil, and radioactive pollution. For each type of pollution, it provides definitions, causes, effects on human health and environment, and methods for control and prevention.
This document presents information on natural environment and pollution. It discusses various types of pollution including water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, and their causes. It also covers topics like sustainable development, green marketing, eco-labeling, and various technologies used for environment protection. The document contains sections on pollution definition, effects of different pollutants, and regulations impact on business. It provides examples of sustainable practices and technologies that can promote environment protection.
Environmental sanitation encompasses controlling environmental factors that can transmit diseases. It includes solid waste management, water management, industrial waste management, and noise pollution control. Environmental sanitation aims to control all physical environmental factors that can negatively impact human health. The key components of environmental sanitation discussed are water sanitation, air sanitation, noise sanitation, food and milk sanitation, excreta disposal, sewage disposal, housing, vector and vermin control, and refuse disposal. Major sources of air pollution include automobiles, industries, domestic sources, tobacco smoke, and miscellaneous sources. Air pollution can damage health, senses, production, and vegetation. Water pollution is caused by domestic waste, sewage, solid waste,
An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect people's health, and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.
Any single or combination of toxic chemical, biological, or physical agents in the environment, resulting from human activities or natural processes, that may impact the health of exposed subjects, including pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, biological contaminants, toxic waste, industrial and home chemicals.
Human-made hazards while not immediately health-threatening may turn out detrimental to man's well-being eventually, because deterioration in the environment can produce secondary, unwanted negative effects on the human ecosphere. The effects of water pollution may not be immediately visible because of a sewage system that helps drain off toxic substances. If those substances turn out to be persistent (e.g. persistent organic pollutant), however, they will literally be fed back to their producers via the food chain: plankton -> edible fish -> humans. In that respect, a considerable number of environmental hazards listed below are man-made (anthropogenic) hazards.
Hazards can be categorized in four types:
Chemical
Physical (mechanical, etc.)
Biological
Chemical hazards are defined in the Globally Harmonized System and in the European Union chemical regulations. They are caused by chemical substances causing significant damage to the environment. The label is particularly applicable towards substances with aquatic toxicity. An example is zinc oxide, a common paint pigment, which is extremely toxic to aquatic life.
The document defines the natural environment as all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth. It describes the key components of the environment as the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It then goes on to explain each of these components in more detail, including their composition and important cycles and processes within each component, such as the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. It emphasizes that all life depends on healthy functioning of the Earth's natural environment and its critical biogeochemical cycles.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
The document discusses ecosystems and how human activities impact the environment. It describes the components of an ecosystem like producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic factors. There is a 10% loss of energy at each trophic level, limiting the number that can exist in a food chain. Human waste and chemicals like CFCs threaten ecosystems by polluting the air, water and soil. Improper waste disposal and ozone layer depletion are significant environmental issues addressed in the text.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollutants and their effects. It defines occupational, environmental and ecotoxicology. It describes different types of pollution like air, land and water pollution and their sources. It explains concepts like bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Key air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and their health impacts are summarized. Specific pollutants like solvents and insecticides and their mechanisms of action are also outlined.
This document discusses various types of environmental toxicology and pollution. It notes that chemicals can have global impacts through long-range atmospheric transport and persist in the environment far from where they were used. Examples of specific issues covered include acid rain from air pollution damaging ecosystems, stratospheric ozone depletion from CFCs requiring international agreements like the Montreal Protocol, and global warming from fossil fuel emissions trapping heat via the greenhouse effect. The document stresses that environmental changes can ultimately expose humans through multiple routes, so comprehensive risk assessments are needed.
This document discusses pollution, pollutants, and their effects. It defines pollution as any man-made addition to the environment that is not ecologically compatible. Pollutants are defined as any solid, liquid, or gaseous substances present in amounts that harm humans, plants, animals, or property. The document discusses different types of pollution like water, air, soil, and noise pollution. It also discusses attributes of pollutants like persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Measurement units for pollution like parts per million are also introduced. The document then discusses abatement and control of pollution through elimination of sources or treatment.
Environmental and nutritional diseases animatedJao Ancheta
This document discusses environmental diseases and the effects of environmental factors on global disease burden. It covers several topics:
1. Environmental factors are major determinants of health and causes of many human diseases through exposure in indoor, outdoor and occupational settings.
2. Environmental diseases can be caused by exposure to chemicals or physical agents in ambient, workplace and personal environments, and include diseases of nutritional origin.
3. Climate change is expected to increase incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and infectious diseases through rising temperatures and severe weather events. Developing countries will bear the greatest burden.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
This document contains lecture notes from Prof. Zaini Ujang on environmental chemistry. The notes cover topics such as pollution perspectives, major pollutants in water, atmosphere and soil, ecological systems and disturbances, and an introduction to environmental components and ecosystems. The lecture outline includes pollution perspective, major pollutants, effects of pollutants, fate of chemicals in the environment, and environmental monitoring techniques.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
This document discusses environmental decisions in the management of natural resources. It begins by defining the environment and natural resources, explaining that natural resources are an integral part of the environment. It then discusses sustainable development and how resource management aims to meet human needs while ensuring environmental sustainability for current and future generations. The document also discusses environmental impact assessments as an important decision-making tool that allows decision-makers to consider environmental impacts of projects. It provides leaders with responsibilities of complying with environmental regulations and reviewing operations and impacts. The document concludes by discussing improvements that have been made in Lagos, Nigeria to address previous environmental issues through sustainable development goals.
The document discusses environmental hygiene and environmental health. It defines key terms like hygiene, environment, health, disease, and risk. It outlines the main objectives and classification of environmental health science. It discusses the importance of studying environmental factors and their routes of exposure. It also explains concepts of prevention at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels, with a focus on primary prevention measures like health promotion and specific protection.
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle - Environment Science Community and EcosystemPreetiSinha52
Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle - Environment Science Community and Ecosystem Concept
Energy flows through an ecosystem from producers to consumers. Energy flows from one trophic level to the next.
(troph = feeding)
Nutrients (matter) cycle in an ecosystem.
The processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are important in nutrient cycling and energy flow.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It focuses on the causes, effects, and methods of control for water pollution. The main causes of water pollution are industrial wastes, sewage water, and agricultural wastes. Effects include spread of waterborne diseases. Control methods include sewage treatment and effluent treatment. The document also briefly outlines solid waste management, causes of air pollution, and methods to control air pollution such as establishing industries away from cities.
Environment is one of the most important determinant of health. It includes the physical,biological and psychosocial environment. sustainable environment is needed to acquire good health. Environment is effected by many factors, so health is.
The document discusses various advances in environmental hygiene, including carbon sequestration, bioremediation, rainwater harvesting, and eco-friendly technologies in India. Carbon sequestration methods aim to reduce carbon dioxide levels by storing carbon in plants, soil, underground formations, and the ocean. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants into less toxic substances and has been applied to clean up soil, water, and other environmental sites. Rainwater harvesting techniques collect and store rainwater to replenish groundwater levels and ensure a sustained water supply. Eco-technologies developed in India utilize natural processes and green plants to treat pollution in water, soil, and air.
Biological magnification refers to the increasing concentration of a substance like a toxic chemical in successive trophic levels of a food chain. It occurs when organisms at the bottom of the food chain absorb pollutants at higher concentrations than their surroundings. This process can lead to biomagnification where organisms at higher trophic levels face increasing toxic effects as concentrations rise. Examples include the buildup of mercury in large predatory fish and birds of prey after mercury is absorbed by plankton and moves up the food chain. Controlling pollution inputs and improving waste management can help reduce biological magnification and its harmful impacts on ecosystems.
The document discusses various topics relating to environmental health including water quality, food safety, occupational health, air and water pollution sources and effects. It describes factors influencing health like pollutants versus toxicants and outlines responsibilities of environmental health services in areas such as water sanitation, waste disposal, and food hygiene.
This document discusses various types of pollution including noise, air, water, soil, and radioactive pollution. For each type of pollution, it provides definitions, causes, effects on human health and environment, and methods for control and prevention.
This document presents information on natural environment and pollution. It discusses various types of pollution including water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, and their causes. It also covers topics like sustainable development, green marketing, eco-labeling, and various technologies used for environment protection. The document contains sections on pollution definition, effects of different pollutants, and regulations impact on business. It provides examples of sustainable practices and technologies that can promote environment protection.
Environmental sanitation encompasses controlling environmental factors that can transmit diseases. It includes solid waste management, water management, industrial waste management, and noise pollution control. Environmental sanitation aims to control all physical environmental factors that can negatively impact human health. The key components of environmental sanitation discussed are water sanitation, air sanitation, noise sanitation, food and milk sanitation, excreta disposal, sewage disposal, housing, vector and vermin control, and refuse disposal. Major sources of air pollution include automobiles, industries, domestic sources, tobacco smoke, and miscellaneous sources. Air pollution can damage health, senses, production, and vegetation. Water pollution is caused by domestic waste, sewage, solid waste,
An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect people's health, and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.
Any single or combination of toxic chemical, biological, or physical agents in the environment, resulting from human activities or natural processes, that may impact the health of exposed subjects, including pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, biological contaminants, toxic waste, industrial and home chemicals.
Human-made hazards while not immediately health-threatening may turn out detrimental to man's well-being eventually, because deterioration in the environment can produce secondary, unwanted negative effects on the human ecosphere. The effects of water pollution may not be immediately visible because of a sewage system that helps drain off toxic substances. If those substances turn out to be persistent (e.g. persistent organic pollutant), however, they will literally be fed back to their producers via the food chain: plankton -> edible fish -> humans. In that respect, a considerable number of environmental hazards listed below are man-made (anthropogenic) hazards.
Hazards can be categorized in four types:
Chemical
Physical (mechanical, etc.)
Biological
Chemical hazards are defined in the Globally Harmonized System and in the European Union chemical regulations. They are caused by chemical substances causing significant damage to the environment. The label is particularly applicable towards substances with aquatic toxicity. An example is zinc oxide, a common paint pigment, which is extremely toxic to aquatic life.
The document defines the natural environment as all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth. It describes the key components of the environment as the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. It then goes on to explain each of these components in more detail, including their composition and important cycles and processes within each component, such as the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. It emphasizes that all life depends on healthy functioning of the Earth's natural environment and its critical biogeochemical cycles.
Based on money and Materials Our modern life became a big illusion. The Real life and happiness needs 1- Security 2- Health 3- Life essentials (food – shelter etc). The Real life and happiness lie behind a natural life in a clean environment. We are sinking in different types of pollution. The consequences of pollution include: 1- Climate change the Heat melts ice, worsens weather and expands oceans. 2- Human health effects a- Climate changes b- Pollutants. 3- Plants and animals Natural habitats become hostile. Pollution is a Global Problem with no but a Single must be a Global Solution that is Go Green, Reduce CO2 and Stop Pollution.
The document discusses ecosystems and how human activities impact the environment. It describes the components of an ecosystem like producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic factors. There is a 10% loss of energy at each trophic level, limiting the number that can exist in a food chain. Human waste and chemicals like CFCs threaten ecosystems by polluting the air, water and soil. Improper waste disposal and ozone layer depletion are significant environmental issues addressed in the text.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollutants and their effects. It defines occupational, environmental and ecotoxicology. It describes different types of pollution like air, land and water pollution and their sources. It explains concepts like bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Key air pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and their health impacts are summarized. Specific pollutants like solvents and insecticides and their mechanisms of action are also outlined.
This document discusses various types of environmental toxicology and pollution. It notes that chemicals can have global impacts through long-range atmospheric transport and persist in the environment far from where they were used. Examples of specific issues covered include acid rain from air pollution damaging ecosystems, stratospheric ozone depletion from CFCs requiring international agreements like the Montreal Protocol, and global warming from fossil fuel emissions trapping heat via the greenhouse effect. The document stresses that environmental changes can ultimately expose humans through multiple routes, so comprehensive risk assessments are needed.
The document discusses the causes, effects, and prevention of soil pollution. It outlines various sources of soil pollution including use of chemicals in agriculture, urban and industrial waste, mining waste, radioactive waste, and acid rain. Soil pollution adversely impacts soil health, agriculture, and living organisms. It can damage human health and lead to organ damage and disease. Prevention efforts include reducing pesticide use, proper waste disposal, recycling, reforestation, and enacting laws to regulate polluting activities.
This document provides an overview of toxicology and related topics. It defines toxicology as the study of poisons and their sources, properties, mechanisms of toxicity, toxic effects, detection, clinical manifestations, and management. It describes different types of toxic agents and mechanisms of toxicity. It also discusses factors that affect the action of poisons, including dose, route of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Analytical toxicology methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis are summarized, including chromatography techniques and immunoassays. The key steps and factors in the mechanism of toxicity, from delivery to the target site to repair or dysfunction, are outlined.
Environmental toxicology is the study of harmful effects of chemicals, biological and physical agents on living organisms. Rachel Carson is considered the founder of environmental toxicology through her book Silent Spring which documented the effects of uncontrolled pesticide use. Some key sources of environmental toxicity include pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides, and hazardous wastes. Proper management and regulations of hazardous wastes are needed to reduce environmental and health risks.
Dr. Walter Crinnion, one of the leading experts on environmental medicine and toxicology, shares his observations on the toxic burden we bear in modern society.
This document discusses water pollution, including its causes, sources, types, effects, and methods of prevention. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies by human and natural activities. The two main sources are point source pollution from single identifiable sources like factories, and non-point source pollution from multiple diffuse sources like agricultural runoff. Various types of water pollution are described, and effects include harm to aquatic life, disruption of food chains, diseases in humans, and destruction of ecosystems. Prevention methods center around proper waste disposal, reduced chemical usage, and wastewater treatment.
Water pollution occurs when contaminants are released into water sources, degrading water quality for other uses. There are two main types of water pollution: surface water pollution which impacts oceans, rivers and lakes, and groundwater pollution which impacts underground sources. Water pollution can be caused by sewage, industrial waste, marine dumping, and other sources, and has negative effects on the environment, humans, and animals, including toxic water, diseases, and animal deaths. Individual actions like conserving water, proper fertilizer use, and cleanups can help reduce water pollution.
it includes a comprehensive details on toxicology types of toxican their effects on human beings and environment. It also includes the methods to reduces the effects of the poisons and remedies
This document discusses toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) and toxicant-associated steatohepatitis (TASH). It defines these conditions as forms of hepatic disease caused by food pollution from heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. The main causes of TAFLD/TASH are identified as food pollution from heavy metals like lead and mercury, as well as pollutants like PCBs. Several studies have found associations between these toxicants and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The document discusses the pathogenesis and progression of TAFLD/TASH, as well as symptoms, diagnosis, and the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to these conditions.
This document summarizes toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) and its causes. TAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer. The main cause of TAFLD is food pollution by heavy metals like lead and mercury, and persistent organic pollutants. These toxic chemicals accumulate in foods like meat, dairy and certain fruits and vegetables due to environmental pollution and agricultural practices. When the liver is overloaded with these toxins, it can cause fatty deposits to form and liver cell damage or death.
There are many ways in which the environment impacts human health and behavior. The environment provides resources like food, water, air, fuel and minerals that are necessary for human life. However, factors in the environment can also negatively impact human health by increasing exposure to diseases, pollution, and extreme weather events. Changes in climate conditions may enhance the spread of diseases by affecting food, water, and animal transmitters. The environment also influences human stress levels, lifestyles, and skin color variations that developed as adaptations to local sun exposure levels.
This document provides an overview of a toxicology module that covers several topics:
(1) It outlines the course outcomes which are to demonstrate understanding of chemical toxicity, pollution sources, and waste management.
(2) The learning outcomes focus on understanding toxicant absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, as well as target organ toxicity.
(3) The module contents include sections on human health issues in developed and developing countries, environmental pollution and disease, determining health effects of pollutants, ecotoxicology, and risk assessment.
I created this school project (HS-124) from back in the day 2012 and I’ve decided to upload as a matter of global warming which we're still having environmental pollution's issues!
Environmental Pollution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf3ApKp3U2o
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Environmental toxicity Dr prerok regmi 15th May 2018Dr. Prerok regmi
This document discusses environmental toxicity and pollution. It defines key terms like environment, ecosystem, toxicity, toxins, and pollutants. It describes different types of pollution like air, water, soil, and radiation pollution. It discusses how pollution can lead to environmental toxicity and disease. Methods to assess and manage risks of environmental incidents are outlined. Historical examples from ancient texts describe how kings would check for poison in water, food, air and surroundings when entering enemy territories. Various techniques to detect and remove toxins from air and water are also mentioned from ancient texts.
Environmental pollution refers to the unfavorable alteration of the environment through man-made changes that negatively impact organisms. There are several types of environmental pollution, including air pollution from vehicle emissions and industry that causes respiratory diseases, water pollution from chemical runoff that contaminates water sources and biodiversity, soil pollution from waste and mining that increases health risks, marine pollution from littering that damages ecosystems, noise pollution from construction and traffic that disrupts health, and thermal pollution from industry that changes water temperatures and ecosystems. Control measures focus on reducing pollution sources and better managing waste, chemicals, and emissions.
Ch 14 short version directly from 14th New Edition saved 14 Feb 2012 and 15 A...BeamNation
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A Powerpoint intended for the South African Grade 11 Life Sciences syllabus. Contains information on environmental studies, water, air and land pollution, and environmental solutions.
The document discusses the main types of pollution: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution. Air pollution is caused by the introduction of chemicals and particulate matter into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicle emissions and industrial activities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate bodies of water. Land pollution degrades the earth's surface through improper waste disposal and misuse of land. Noise pollution is disruptive, excessive noise that affects humans and animals. The document also suggests some ways to reduce each type of pollution, such as using alternative energy sources to prevent air pollution.
This document summarizes key concepts about the study of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms. It discusses what toxins and poisons are, dose-response relationships, routes of exposure, susceptibility factors, and provides examples of acute and chronic toxicity of substances like lead, mercury, and PCBs. It also describes biomagnification in food chains and how PCBs became a widespread global contaminant impacting human and ecosystem health.
B sc micro, biotech, biochem i es u 3.1 ecosystemRai University
This document discusses environmental chemistry and related topics. It defines environmental chemistry as the scientific study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural environments. It notes that environmental chemistry is interdisciplinary and relies on fields like atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry. The document also discusses topics like chemical toxicology, carcinogens, effluents, biogeochemical cycles, ozone depletion, climate change, and greenhouse gases. It provides definitions and details about these topics.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, ecological succession, biodiversity, threats to the environment, and approaches to environmental protection. It defines ecosystems as dynamic interactions between organisms and their environment. Biodiversity is declining due to threats like habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. The document advocates for sustainable development, conservation of biodiversity hotspots, and restoration ecology to protect the environment for future generations.
Toxic substances and environmental health WELFREDO LUBRICO YU JR(presented an...WELFREDO LUBRICO YU,JR.
This document summarizes information about toxic substances and environmental health presented by Welfredo L. Yu Jr. It discusses how toxic substances can impact human health, examples of toxic substances found in products and the environment, and factors that influence environmental health such as life expectancy, pollution, and chemical exposure. It also describes methods used to study the health effects of pollutants and assess environmental and ecological risks.
This document summarizes the causes and health effects of food pollution. It discusses various types of contaminants including agrochemicals, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and microorganisms that can cause food poisoning. Major sources of contamination are discussed such as environmental pollution from air, water and soil; packaging materials; food processing equipment; and cross-contamination. Specific heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium are examined in depth regarding their sources and impacts on health. Common persistent organic pollutants known as the "dirty dozen" are also outlined.
This document summarizes various types and causes of food pollution. It discusses how toxic chemicals and biological contaminants can contaminate food at various stages of production and processing. Specific causes of food pollution discussed include heavy metals from the environment entering the food supply, persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs and dioxins, and certain food additives like MSG, BHA/BHT, and sodium nitrate/nitrite which have been linked to health issues. The document also examines how food can become contaminated by bacteria, viruses, or parasites leading to food poisoning if improperly handled or cooked.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
2. Disease
• Disease is often due to an imbalance
resulting from poor adjustment between the
individual and the environment.
– Continuum from state of health to disease
– Gray zone in-between
– As a result of exposure to chemicals in the
environment we may be in the midst of an
epidemic of chronic disease.
3. Disease
• Seldom have a one-cause- one-effect
relationship w/ the environment
• Depends on several factors
– Physical environment
– Biological environment
– Lifestyle
4. Disease
• Chances of experiencing serious
environmental health problems and disease
depends on
– The water we drink
– The air we breathe
– The soil we grow crops in
– The rocks we build our homes on
5. Disease
• Natural processes can release harmful
materials into the soil, water or air.
• Lake Nyos in Cameroon, Africa
– Experienced sudden release of carbon dioxide
– Killed 1,800 people in near by town.
6.
7.
8. Terminology
• Polluted environment
– impure, dirty, or otherwise unclean.
• Pollution refers to the occurrence of unwanted
change in the environment
– introduction of harmful materials or the production of
harmful conditions.
• Contamination
– similar to that of pollution
– implies making something unfit for a particular use
through the introduction of undesirable materials
9. Terminology
• Toxic refers to materials (pollutants) that
are poisonous to people and other living
things.
– Toxicology is the science that studies chemicals
that are known to be or could be toxic.
• Carcinogen is a particular kind of toxin that
increases the risk of cancer.
– Most feared and regulated toxins in our society.
10. Terminology
• Synergism
– The interaction of different substances resulting
in a total effect great than the sum of the effects
of the separate substances.
– E.g. sulfur dioxide and coal dust
11. Terminology
• Pollutants introduced into the enviro. at
– Point sources, such as smokestacks, pipes
discharging into waterways, stream entering the
ocean, or accidental spills.
– Area sources, (non point sources), which are
more diffused over the land and include urban
and agricultural runoff and mobile sources such
as automobile exhaust.
12.
13. Measuring the Amount of
Pollution
• How the amount or concentration of a
particular pollutant or toxin present in the
environment is reported varies widely.
– E.g. waste water reported in millions of
gallons
– Emissions of nitrogen oxides reported in
tons per year
– Others given by a volume, mass of weight
• ppm, ppb, mg/kg or %
14. Infectious Agents
• Infectious disease
– Spread from the interactions between
individuals and food, water, air or soil.
– Can travel globally via airplanes
– New diseases emerging and previous ones
reemerging
– Diseases that can be controlled by manipulating
the environment
• classified as environmental health concerns
15. Environmentally Transmitted
Infectious Diseases
• Legionellosis
– Occurs where air-conditioning systems have been
contaminated by disease-causing organisms.
• Giardiasis
– a protozoan infection of the small intestine spread via
food, water, or person-to-person contact.
• Salmonella
– a food-poisoning bacterial infection spread via water or
food.
16. Environmentally Transmitted
Infectious Diseases
• Malaria
– a protozoan infection transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Lyme disease
– Transmitted by ticks.
• Cryptosporidosis
– a protozoan infection transmitted via water or person-
to-person contact.
• Anthrax
– Bacterial infection spread by terrorist activity.
17. Toxic Heavy Metals
• The major heavy metals that pose health
hazards to people and ecosystems include:
– mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, gold,
platinum, silver, bismuth, arsenic,
selenium, vanadium, chromium, and
thallium.
• Each may be found in soil and water
not contaminated by humans.
18. Toxic Heavy Metals
• Often have direct physiological effects.
– Stored and incorporated in living tissue
• Fatty body tissue
– Content in our bodies referred to as body
burden.
19. Toxic Pathways
• Chemical elements can become concentrated
• Biomagnification-
– the accumulation or increase in concentration of
a substance in living tissue as it moves through
the food chain.
– E.g. Cadmium, mercury
20.
21.
22. Organic Compounds
• Organic compounds
– compounds of carbon produced naturally by
living organisms or synthetically by human
industrial practices.
• Synthetic organic compounds
– Used in industrial processes, pest control,
pharmaceuticals, and food additives.
– Over 20 million
23. Persistent Organic Pollutants
• POPs may produce a hazard for decades or
hundreds of years.
– First produced when their harm was not known
– Now banned or restricted
24.
25. Persistent Organic Pollutants
• POPs have several properties that
define them:
– They have a carbon-based molecular
structure, often containing highly reactive
chlorine.
– Most are synthetic chemicals.
– They do not easily break down in the
environment.
26. Persistent Organic Pollutants
– They are polluting and toxic.
– They are soluble in fat and likely to
accumulate in living tissue.
– They occur in forms that allow them to be
transported by wind, water, and sediments
for long distances.
27. Hormonally Active Agents
• HAA are also POPs.
• Have potential to cause developmental and
reproductive abnormalities in animals,
including humans.
– Include a wide variety of chemicals, herbicides,
pesticides, phthalates, and PCBs
28. Hormonally Active Agents
• Evidence in support of hypothesis
– Alligator populations in Florida exposed to
DDT have genital abnormalities, low egg
production and reduced penis size.
– Major disorders studied in wildlife have
centered on abnormalities including
• thinning of eggshells of birds, decline in populations
of various animals and birds, reduced viability of
offspring, and changes in sexual behavior.
29. Hormonally Active Agents
• In humans
– HAAs may be linked to breast cancer
– PCBs and neurological behavior
– Phthalates and endocrine and hormone
disruption
30. Endocrine System
• One of two main systems that regulate and
control growth , development and
reproduction.
• Composed of a group of hormone secreting
glands
– Thyroid, pancreas, pituitary, ovaries and testes.
– Hormones transported by blood stream, act as
chemical messengers.
31. Hormonally Active Agents
• The National Academy of Sciences
– recommends that there should be
continued monitoring of wildlife and human
populations for abnormal development and
reproduction.
33. Thermal Pollution
• Occurs when heat released into water or air
produces undesirable effects.
– Also called heat pollution
– Sudden acute event or long term, chronic
release
– Heated water released into rivers changes temp
and dissolved oxygen content
• Thereby changing river’s species composition
34. Thermal Pollution
• Heating river water changes natural
conditions and disturbs the ecosystem
– Fish spawning cycles may be disrupted
– Fish may have heightened susceptibility to
disease.
– Physical stress on fish
– Easier pray
– Change in type and availability of food
35. Thermal Pollution
• Solutions to chronic thermal heating
– Release of heat into air in cooling towers
– Artificial lagoons
– Used to heat buildings
36.
37.
38. Particulates
• Small particles of dust released into the
atmosphere by many natural processes and
human activities.
– Modern farming
– Burning oil and coal
– Dust storms
– Volcanic eruptions
39.
40. Asbestos
• A term for several minerals that take the form of
small, elongated particle or fibers.
– Use contributed to fire prevention
– Insulation
• Inhalation leads to asbestosis and cancer
• 95% of asbestos now in use in US chrysolite
(white asbestos).
– Not particularly harmful
• Another type crocidolite (blue asbestos)
– Exposure can be very hazardous
41. Electromagnetic Fields
• EMFs part of everyday urban life
– electric motors, transmission lines and
appliances
– Controversy as to whether they pose a health
risk
– Children may be at greater risk
42. Noise Pollution
• Unwanted sound
• Sound is a form of energy that travels as
waves
– We hear sounds when waves vibrate our
eardrum
– Loudness a measure of intensity of energy
– Measured in units of decibels
43.
44. Noise Pollution
• Environmental effects of noise depend on
– Energy
– Pitch
– Frequency
– Time pattern
– Length of exposure
• Very loud noise can cause pain
• Any sound above 80dB can cause hearing loss
– Rock concert 110dB
45. Voluntary Exposure
• Sometimes referred to as exposure to
personal pollutants.
– Tobacco
• 30% of cancers tied to smoking
– Alcohol and other drugs
• ½ of all deaths in automobiles accidents tied to
alcohol use by drivers
• Violent crimes, overdoses, chronic alcoholism
46. General Effect s of Pollutants
• Almost every part of the human body is
affected by one pollutant or another.
47.
48.
49.
50. Concept of Dose and Response
• Five centuries ago, the physician and
alchemist Paracelsus wrote that “everything
is poisonous, yet nothing is poisonous.”
• For Example
– Selenium required in small amounts by living
things
– May be toxic in high concentrations
51. Concept of Dose and Response
• The effect of a chemical on an individual
depends on the dose.
– Dose response
– Dose dependency can be represented by a
generalized dose response curve.
52.
53. Concept of Dose and Response
• Doses that are beneficial, harmful, or
lethal may differ widely for different
organisms and are difficult to
characterize.
• E.g. fluoride and dental health
– Fluorine forms fluoride compounds that
prevent tooth decay and promote healthy
bone structure.
– Toxic effects are noticed at concentrations
of 6-7 ppm
54.
55. Dose-Response Curve
• How individuals will response to a chemical
not know.
• Instead predictions made about how a
percentage of the population will respond to
a specific dose.
• Dose at which 50% of the population dies
– Lethal dose 50, LD-50
56.
57. Dose-Response Curve
• The ED-50 (effective dose 50%) is the dose
that causes an effect in 50% of the
population of observed subjects.
– E.g. ED-50 of aspirin would be the dose that
relieves headaches in 50% of the people.
58. Dose-Response Curve
• The TD-50 (toxic dose 50%) is defined as
the dose that is toxic to 50% of the
population.
– Often used to indicate responses such as
reduced enzyme activity, decreased
reproductive success, or onset of specific
symptoms.
59. Dose-Response Curve
• For a particular chemical, there may be a whole
family of dose–response curves.
– Which dose is of interest depends on what is being
evaluated.
– Killing insects vs. pesticide residue
– Overlap between the therapeutic dose (ED) and the
toxic dose (TD)
– Measure of the relative safety of a particular drug is the
therapeutic index
• Defined as the ratio of the LD-50 to the ED-50.
• The greater the therapeutic index, the safer the drug.
60.
61. Threshold effects
• Threshold is a level below which no effect occurs
and above which effects begin to occur.
– If a threshold exists, then a concentration below the
threshold is safe.
– If there is no threshold dose, then even the smallest
amount has some negative toxic effect.
• A problem in evaluating thresholds for toxic
pollutants is that it is difficult to account for
synergistic effects.
62.
63. Ecological Gradients
• Changes in vegetation with distance from a
toxic source define the ecological gradient.
– Weedy species adapted to harsh conditions may
be closer
– Farther away trees and shrubs
64. Tolerance
• The ability to resist or withstand stress
resulting from exposure to a pollutant or
harmful condition.
– Result from behavioral, physiological, or
genetic adaptation.
• Behavioral tolerance- change in
behavior
– Learning to avoid traps
65. Tolerance
• Physiological tolerance- the body of an
individual adjusts to tolerate a higher level
of pollutant.
– Many mechanisms including detoxification
• the toxic chemical is converted to a nontoxic form
– Internal transport of the toxin to a part of the
body where it is not harmful, such as fat cells.
66. Tolerance
• Genetic tolerance- (adaptation) when some
individuals in a population are naturally
more resistant to a toxin than others.
– Strains of mosquitoes resistance to DDT
– Antibiotic resistance
67. Acute and Chronic Effects
• Acute effect is one that occurs soon after
exposure.
– Usually to large amounts of a pollutant
• Chronic effect takes place over a long
period
– Often as a result of exposure to low levels of
pollutant
68. Risk Assessment
• The process of determining potential
adverse environmental health effects to
people exposed to pollutants and potentially
toxic materials.
69. Risk Assessment
• Such an assessment generally includes four steps:
– Identification of the hazard.
– Dose–response assessment.
– Exposure assessment.
– Risk characterization.
• Risk assessment is difficult, costly, and
controversial.
• Risk management integrates the assessment of risk
with technical, legal, political, social, and
economic issues.