From a psychoanalytical perspective, there are two main types of psychopathology: those related to conflicting mental representations which result in neurotic pathology, and those related to failures of the mentalizing process which result in personality disorders. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect as well as impulsivity, while paranoid personality disorder involves a pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others. Both disorders stem from failures early in life to develop stable and coherent mental representations of oneself and others.
Friction in clinical orthodontics now is receiving much attention because orthodontic companies have decided that low friction is good and are using that concept to market their self-ligating brackets.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vertical malocclusions / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Fixed expansion appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Friction in clinical orthodontics now is receiving much attention because orthodontic companies have decided that low friction is good and are using that concept to market their self-ligating brackets.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vertical malocclusions / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Fixed expansion appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Combination anchorage technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Fanta Dental is the leading roles for designing and supplying high quality Endodontic materials. Our factory is located in Changzhou West Tai Lake Medical Industrial Park. Focusing on high degree of engineering sophistication and precision manufacturing for endodontic materials. Our products including 4 major areas, Endodontic Files, Gutta Percha & Paper Point, Irrigation Needles and Endodontic Organizer. Now we has distributors in more than 40 countries worldwide. And our patented Flat-side design rotary file has successfully win the great reputation in the Endodontic Academia.
The core values of Fanta are professionally, precisely, reliably, young, creatively, safely and happily. Fanta’s Marketing, Sales and Designer team are all young people. We hope our young team can bring more new thoughts and ideas to the industry.
Furthermore, Fanta’s distributor team are also consisted by young professionals. Their primary strategy is superior customer satisfaction . They will constantly bring the best service and support to every dentist.
With the capacity of high tech engineering and manufacture, Fanta committed to develop more and more innovative products to assist the dentists to achieve safer, easier and better Endodontic Treatment. Thus, make our contribution to the dental industry.
Information related to Fanta Dental can be found in the online at www.fanta-dental.com. phoenix@fanta-dental.com +86 150 8386 6530
Cephalometrics as a diagnostic aid/orthodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Common sense mechanics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Structurele vs neurotische pathologie - kernberg kohut fonagy newThdeW
Structurele versus neurotische pathologie - Vergelijking Kernberg, Kohut en Fonagy.
In andere bewoordingen: Structurele versus neurotische pathologie;
Ontwikkelings versus conflictpathologie; Mentale processtoornissen versus representatiestoornissen; Preoedipale versus oedipale pathologie;
Paranoid/Schizoïde versus Depressieve positie; Basic Fault versus primary Love; Separatie/Individuatie probl.: rapprochement.
Consequences for looking at pathology:
No causal relation between risc factors and the development of pathology; the amount of risc factors is in a way predictable.
The quality of the early attachment relationships is important for the possible development of pathology.
Combination anchorage technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Fanta Dental is the leading roles for designing and supplying high quality Endodontic materials. Our factory is located in Changzhou West Tai Lake Medical Industrial Park. Focusing on high degree of engineering sophistication and precision manufacturing for endodontic materials. Our products including 4 major areas, Endodontic Files, Gutta Percha & Paper Point, Irrigation Needles and Endodontic Organizer. Now we has distributors in more than 40 countries worldwide. And our patented Flat-side design rotary file has successfully win the great reputation in the Endodontic Academia.
The core values of Fanta are professionally, precisely, reliably, young, creatively, safely and happily. Fanta’s Marketing, Sales and Designer team are all young people. We hope our young team can bring more new thoughts and ideas to the industry.
Furthermore, Fanta’s distributor team are also consisted by young professionals. Their primary strategy is superior customer satisfaction . They will constantly bring the best service and support to every dentist.
With the capacity of high tech engineering and manufacture, Fanta committed to develop more and more innovative products to assist the dentists to achieve safer, easier and better Endodontic Treatment. Thus, make our contribution to the dental industry.
Information related to Fanta Dental can be found in the online at www.fanta-dental.com. phoenix@fanta-dental.com +86 150 8386 6530
Cephalometrics as a diagnostic aid/orthodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Common sense mechanics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Structurele vs neurotische pathologie - kernberg kohut fonagy newThdeW
Structurele versus neurotische pathologie - Vergelijking Kernberg, Kohut en Fonagy.
In andere bewoordingen: Structurele versus neurotische pathologie;
Ontwikkelings versus conflictpathologie; Mentale processtoornissen versus representatiestoornissen; Preoedipale versus oedipale pathologie;
Paranoid/Schizoïde versus Depressieve positie; Basic Fault versus primary Love; Separatie/Individuatie probl.: rapprochement.
Consequences for looking at pathology:
No causal relation between risc factors and the development of pathology; the amount of risc factors is in a way predictable.
The quality of the early attachment relationships is important for the possible development of pathology.
Borderline Personality Disorder Ontogeny Of A DiagnosisDemona Demona
On April 1, 2008, the U.S. House of Representatives
unanimously passed House Resolution 1005 supporting
the month of May as borderline personality disorder
awareness month. The resolution stated that “despite its
prevalence, enormous public health costs, and the dev-
astating toll it takes on individuals, families, and com-
munities, [borderline personality disorder] only recently
has begun to command the attention it requires.” House
Resolution 1005, which was the outcome of public advo-
cacy efforts, drew attention to the disproportion between
the high public health significance of borderline person-
ality disorder and the low levels of public awareness,
funded research, and treatment resources associated
with the disorder. A recurrent theme in this review is the
persistence of borderline personality disorder as a sus-
pect category largely neglected by psychiatric institu-
tions, comprising a group of patients few clinicians want
to treat.
Biology and Psychology: Behavior is the result of the mutual relation between “nature” and “nurture”. The result of a complicated interaction between “genes” and “environment”: integration Mind and Brain.
Consequences for looking at pathology:
No causal relation between risc factors and the development of pathology; the amount of risc factors is in a way predictable.
The quality of the early attachment relationships is important for the possible development of pathology.
Documento creado para entender el trastorno límite y saber un poco más de él. Intentamos que con este documento se pueda trabajar en contra del estigma social ante los trastornos mentales.
www.soyborderline.com
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic clientADSProgram
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic client is excerpted from an all day workshop, “Constitutionally Incapable of Being Honest” The Narcissistically defended client in Substance Abuse Treatment.by Mary Crocker Cook, D.Min., LMFT, LAADC, CADCII.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious
Psychoanalysis
The relational focus was there from the beginning.
In between Biology and Psychology: genetic vulnerabilities in interaction with the primary caregivers.
How do somatic sensations develop into human feelings?
How do emotions develop into feelings?
How develop somatic sensations into intentional behavior with a symbolic meaning?
How do biological factors, genetic vulnerabilities and environmental factors interact with each other?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Psychopathology 1
Biology and Psychology
Behavior is the result of the mutual
relation between “nature” and
“nurture”.The result of a complicated
interaction between “genes” and
“environment”→ integration Mind and
Brain.
22
3. Psychopathology 2
Consequences for looking at
pathology
2. No causal relation between risc factors and the
development of pathology; the amount of risc
factors is in a way predictable.
3. The quality of the early attachment
relationships is important for the possible
development of pathology
33
4. Psychopathology 3
The process of internalising early experiences
and the creation of an internal psychological
model of the interpersonal world →
mentalization/ creation of a mind or mental
representations.
Internal representations of the earlier
experiences with the primairy care givers will
influence later relationships and the
development of psychopathology later on
44
5. Psychopathology 4
There are 2 types of psychopathology
4. Related to conflicting mental representations:
neurotic pathology
6. Related to the failing of the mentalizing
process itself: personality disorders this is the
area of the borderline personality organization
55
6. Difference between BPD and BPO 1
Borderline Personality Disorder
3. A descriptive diagnosis. Manifest and
observable behavior
4. An enduring pattern of internal experiences
that manifest themselves in a broad area of
personal and social situations.
5. DSM IV
66
7. Difference between BPD and BPO 2
Borderline Personality Organization
Structural Diagnosis/ Kernberg
Underlying structure which is not directly
observable.→
Dyade/Schema/I.W.M./I.I.M.
Includes the whole area of personality
disorders
77
8. Two types of pathology
Mental process disorders
Inability to represent inside what is outside
The dependency from the external world is
there
Anxieties are interpersonal instead of intra
personal
88
9. Two types of pathology
Mental Process disorders
No psychological Self but the body is the self
No Somatization as a defense but Soma
Alexithymia: medically unexplained physical
symptoms/ conversions
They live in a frightened world instead of a
world they are experiencing as frightening
99
10. Mental Process Disorders
1. Anxiety neurosis
2. External Regulated / Motivated
3. Developmental pathology
4. Building structures
5. The area of the personality disorders Axis 2
cluster A and B
6. Axis 1 Somatization, Somatoform disorder,
Panic disorder Dissociative disorder and PTSD.
10
10
12. Mental process / mental representations
Paranoid/Schizoid versus Depressive Pos.
Primary love versus Basic Fault
Primary versus Secondary Process
Pre Oedipal versus Oedipal
Neurotic versus Structural
Neurotic versus Personality dis.
12
12
13. M.Klein
Par. Schizoid Position
Annihilation anxiety
Identity undermining defenses
No adequate self/object differentiation
No adequate object constancy
Archaic Object Relations
Ambivalences are not bearable
“doing” instead of “containing”/”feeling”
13
13
14. M.Klein
Par.Schizoid Position
Interventions related to the inner experiencing
are raising the anxiety and by that stimulating
“acting out”
Interventions should relate inner and outer
sources of stress → facilitating mentalization
Therapist as external Obs.Ego → being
introjected / mirroring
14
14
15. M.Klein
Depressive position
Anxieties related to inner ambivalences
Defenses in favour of identity
Adequate S/O differentiation
Adequate Object constancy
Realistic Object Relations
Containing instead of doing
15
15
16. Attachment
A safe attachment style supposes
Adequate sensitivity: being aware that
there is something going on in the other
person
Adequate responsivity: reacting to the
other in such a way that it is clear what is
from me and what from the other
16
16
17. Failing sensitivity: Externalizing pathology
They minimize their need for relatedness. As a strategy
against the pain of the separation and the feeling not
been seen.
Predisposition for Externalizing pathology because
there is no attention for the self, and the solution of
negative inner representations is not there → faling
sensitivity
(Dozier 1999)
17
18. Failing responsivity: Internalizing
pathology
They maximalizing their need for relatedness and they
are continually occupied with the emotional pain and
the not being available of the attachment figures.
Predisposition for Internalizing pathology: attention
will be fixated to the availability of the caring other and
negative representations stay painfully alive → failing
responsivity
18
19. S. Blatt: Two Basic
Drives
3. Relatedness Anaclytical pathology
Preoccupied/Ambivale
nt
Faling responsivity/not
marked mirroring
9. Autonomy I can not be on my
own
Introjective pathology
Avoiding
Failing sensitivity
(Blatt 1998)
I do it myself
19
26. Identity - 2 -
Fragmentation - cohesive
Acting out - containing
Momentaneous - time
perspective
panic - signal anxiety
Splitting - repression
26
26
27. Structural Diagnosis/ Kernberg
Underlying structure which is not directly
observable.
Object Relational Dyade; Schema
Internal Working Model.
Intersubjective.Interpretive Mechanism.
Includes the whole area of personality
disorders
27
27
28. Structural Personality
Organization
Kernberg (1984)
Neurotic Borderline Psychotic
Identity integrated diffuus fragmentated
Defense mature archaic archaic
Reality in tact in tact in a way absent
Testing
28
28
39. A pervasive pattern of detachment from social
relationships
Introjective/externalizing pathology
39
39
40. Restricted range of expression of emotions in
interpersonal relationships
No desire or missing or enjoying close
relationships
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Like being alone
40
40
41. In the internal world intense relations
Anxiety of being rejected;of being
persecuted;of desintegration
A lot of splitting
Fairbairn: internal life compensates deficits in
external life → inner life is pathological
Balint: Inadequate mothering → basic fault
41
41
42. Personality Schizoid
Disorder
View of self Self-sufficient. Loner
View of Intrusive
others
Main Others are unrewarding.
beliefs Relationships are messy, undesirable.
Main Stay away!
strategy
Therapeutic Realize that he is basically very insecure and that contact
with people is a real threat.
strategies
So let him decide how much contact he wants.
Do everything to increase his sense of self-efficacy.
42
42
43. The same as Schizoid but also:
Ideas of reference
Suspicious/paranoid,excessive social anxiety
Magical thinking
Eccentric and odd behavior
43
43
44. Personality Schizotypal
Disorder
View of self Unreal, detached, loner.
Vulnerable, socially conspicuous.
Supernaturally sensitive and gifted.
View of Untrustworthy. Malevolent.
others
Main (irrational, odd, superstitious, magical thinking; e.g. belief in
beliefs clairvoyance, telepathy or ‘sixth sense’.)
“It is better to be isolated from others.”
Main Watch for and neutralize malevolent attention from others.
strategy Stay to self.
Be vigilant for supernatural forces or events.
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies 44
44
45. How to deal with Schizotypicals
Realize that he is basically very insecure and that
contact with people is a real threat.
So let him decide how much contact he wants.
Do everything to increase his sense of self-efficacy and
his reality testing.
Don’t argue about telepathy, but simply state that you
don’t have such experiences.
45
45
46. A pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of
others
Fixated in the paranoid/schizoid position
Reads hidden meanings in everything
Externalizing, others are aggressors
No trust in others → problems with basic trust
46
46
47. The dominant dyade is that of victim and
persecutor
Emotional cold in intimate relations
Arrogant on the outside feelings of inferiority in
the inside
Hyperalert
In a way they are right the problem is in the
enlargement
47
47
48. Splitting as defense mechanism
Continuous Anxiety
Concrete Magic Thinking → Taking things at
face value
Projective Identification
Problems with Object Constancy
Relations are in it self dangerous and
discontinuous
48
48
49. Personality Paranoid
Disorder
View of self Righteous, innocent, noble, vulnerable
View of Interfering, malicious, discriminatory, abusive motives
others
Main Others’ motives are suspect.
beliefs I must always be on guard.
I cannot trust people.
Main Be wary. Look for hidden motives.
strategy Accuse. Counterattack.
Therapeutic Realize that he is basically very insecure.
strategies So accept the suspiciousness.
Accept that you have to earn his trust, by being extremely
transparant and open about what you are doing.
Do everything to increase his sense of self-efficacy. 49
49
51. Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal
relationships, self image and affects and
marked impulsivity
Anaclytical / internalizing pathology
51
51
52. Alternating between idealizing and devaluating
Chronic feelings of emptiness
Inappropriate intense anger
Self-mutilation
52
52
53. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined
abandoment
Identity disturbances
Impulsivity / problems with bounderies
Affective instability/ moodswings including
anxiety
Paranoid ideation
53
53
54. Personality Borderline
Disorder
View of self Vulnerable (to rejection, betrayal, domination)
Deprived (of needed emotional support)
Powerless. Out of control.
Defective. Unlovable. Bad.
View of (idealized:) poweful, loving, perfect.
others (devaluated:) rejecting, controlling, betraying, abandoning.
Main I cannot cope on my own. I need someone to rely on.
beliefs If I rely on someone I will be mistreated, found wanting, and
abandoned.
The worst possible thing would be to be abandoned.
I cannot bear unpleasant feelings.
It is impossible for me to control myself.
I deserve to be punished.
Main Subjugate own needs to maintain connection.
strategy Protest dramatically, threaten and/or become punitive toward those
that signal possible rejection.
Relieve tension through self-mutilation and self-destructive 54
54
55. How to deal with borderlines.
They provoke intense countertransference feelings: Anxiety ,
Compassion, Powerlessness,Rage.
They constantly test the limits. So stop them in time, in spite of
their vehement emotions, reproaches, suicide threats.
The basic rule is: setting clear and consistent limits.
Keep in mind that their life-long dilemma is: fear of utter
loneliness ↔ fear of engulfment and loss of identity.
This causes the instability between intense need for contact and
intense rejection when you try to be helpful.
Be clear about the conditions by which you can help her.
Be consistent in maintaining these conditions and setting limits.
This helps you to prevent your anger.
55
55
56. Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for
admiration, for being loved
Introjective / Externalizing pathology
56
56
57. Oblivious: need for being loved / admired
arrogant; thick skinned; phallic narc. char.
No awareness of reactions of others
Arrogant / Agressive
Self centered, need to be the center
Lack of empathy
untouchable
57
57
58. Hypervigilant: need to be loved / admired
Depressed; thin skinned; shy narcissist.
Highly sensitive to reactions of others
Inhibited or shy
Directs attention to others instead of himself
Shuns to be the center
Listens to others for evidence or criticism
Easily hurt
58
58
59. Personality Narcissistic.
Disorder
View of self Special, unique, superior.
Deserves special rules.
Is above the rules.
View of Inferior.
others Admirers.
Main Since I am special I deserve special rules.
beliefs I am above the rules.
I am better than others.
Main Use others. Transcend rules, manipulate, compete.
strategy
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies
59
59
60. How to deal with narcissists.
Keep in mind that their arrogance is needed in order not
to feel inferior.
Therefore accept the fact that there can be only one
grandiose person in the room.
So overcome your own narcissistic hurt and use praise
and flattery to get things done.
But resist unreasonable demands, for then they loose
respect.
But tolerate their rage when you don’t fulfil their
demands.
60
60
61. Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation
of the rights of others
Introjective /Externalizing pathology
61
61
62. Failure to conform to social norms
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
Irratability / agression
No empathy
No responsability for their behavior
62
62
63. Strong genetic factor
Failing in emotional attunement → no
caring/soothing objects
Lack of remorse
Grandiose Self is an agressive introject
Lack of basic trust
63
63
65. Personality Antisocial
Disorder
View of self A loner
View of Vulnerable
others
Main “I am entitled to break rules.”
beliefs
Main Attack. Rob. Steal.
strategy
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies
65
65
66. How to deal with antisocials
Don’t let yourself be flattered by his charm.
Be aware that he always wants something from you.
So be especially suspicious if he offers you to participate
in some partly illegal, but very profitable offer.
As he has no conscience, teaching morals makes no
sense.
So teach him to become a better psychopath, more
clever and long-sighted, directed to his best interests.
66
66
67. Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality
and attention seeking
Anaclytical / Internalizing pathology
67
67
69. Hysterical
Adequate internal structure
Triadic relations
Mature defense
Take and give relations
Emotional reserve; sexual naiveté; conversions
and somatizations
69
69
70. Personality Histrionic.
Disorder
View of self Glamorous. Impressive.
View of Seducible. Receptive. Admirers.
others
Main People are there to serve me or to admire me.
beliefs People have no rights to deny me what I deserve.
I can go by my feeling.
Main Use dramatics, charm, temper tantrums, crying, suicide
strategy gestures.
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies
70
70
71. How to deal with histrionics.
Natural reactions to them are: Rescuer phantasies,
Sexual desire, Irritation.
So be wary of the intense emotional contact they seem
to promise.
Resist the temptation to become the all-powerful
rescuer.
Interrupt their impressionistic, dramatic style of thinking.
Teach them to think through, in order to be able to
make their own decisions, and to decatastrophize the
future and to improve their problem solving skills.
71
71
73. Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with
orderliness, perfectionism, mental and
interpersonal control. Less flexibility, openness
and efficiency.
In Control
Details, rules, procedures, organization
Rigid, stubbornness
73
73
74. Intimacy is dangerous
They were never good enough
Severe internal parental objects
Workaholics
Love is related to high performances
Selfdoubt
deep depression when they realize that
perfection doesn’t exist
74
74
75. Personality Obsessive-compulsive.
Disorder
View of self Responsible. Accountable. Fastidious. Exacting. Competent.
View of Irresponsible. Casual. Incompetent. Self-indulgent.
others
Main I know what is best.
beliefs Details are crucial.
People should do better, try harder.
Main Apply rules. Perfectionism. Evaluate, control.
strategy “shoulds”. Criticize. Punish.
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies
75
75
76. How to deal with obsessive-compulsives.
Respect his meticulousness, but state clearly when
things are clear enough.
Do behavioral experiments to let him discover that doing
something less-than-perfect does not bring the feared
catastrophy.
76
76
77. Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings
of being inadequate, hypersensitive for
negative evaluation
Introjective /Externalizing pathology
77
77
78. Anxious for being related because of the
anxiety to be rejected
Avoids getting involved with people unless
certain of being liked
Low self esteem, intense need for affection and
appreciation
78
78
79. Feelings of inferiority related to shame →
related to narcissistic p.d. → sensitive type
Shame related to Self Exposure which is
avoided
Neurotic variant of the Schizoid P.D.
Phobic Personality
Often in conjunction with Axis I diagnosis
79
79
80. Personality Avoidant
Disorder
View of self Vulnerable to depreciation, rejection.
Socially inept. Incompetent.
View of Critical. Demeaning. Superior.
others
Main It is terrible to be rejected or put down.
beliefs If people know the ‘real’ me, they will reject me.
I cannot tolerate unpleasant feelings.
Main Avoid evaluative situations
strategy Avoid unpleasant feelings or thoughts by keeping everything
vague.
Therapeutic See next slide.
strategies
80
80
81. How to deal with avoidant patients.
How much you do your best to be accepting, keep in
mind that they can only see you as critical, and so they
will try to be as vague as possible, in order not to be
caught.
Show them the price they pay by avoiding and help
them to confront the feared situations in small steps,
and to tolerate the tension.
Confront them with the fact that others will judge them
anyway.
Offer social skills training.
81
81
82. Pervasive need to be taken care of that leads
to submissive and clinging behavior related to
fears of separation or being abandoned
Anaclytical /Internalizing pathology
82
82
83. Difficulties in making decisions without
enormous advices from others
Enormous need for appreciation and
encouragement
Difficulties in expressing feelings of
disagreement because of fear of loss of
support or approval
83
83
84. Enormous need for nurturance and support
By being so dependent they provoke what they
want to avoid
Passive-Agressive versions of dependent p.d.
84
84
85. Personality Dependent
Disorder
View of self Needy. Weak. Helpless. Incompetent.
View of (Idealized:) Nurturant. Supportive. Competent.
others
Main I need people to survive and be happy.
beliefs I need to have a steady flow of support and encouragement.
Main Cultivate dependent relationships.
strategy
Therapeutic Resist the invitation to take the initiative and to become the
all-powerful magical helper, but make a deal:
strategies
“I can only help you if you gradually do things on your own.”
Promote small steps toward autonomy.
Offer assertiveness training.
85
85
86. Personality Passive-aggressive
Disorder
View of self Self-sufficient.
Vulnerable to control, interference.
View of Intrusive, demanding, interfering, controlling, dominating.
others
Main Others interfere with my freedom of action.
beliefs Control by others is intolerable.
I have to do things my own way.
Main Passive resistance.
strategy Surface submissiveness.
Evade, circumvent rules.
Therapeutic Avoid power struggles and being pushed into the
authoritarian role. Focus explicitely on collaboration.
strategies
86
86
88. Introjective ( melancholic)
Guilt, self criticism, perfection
Depressive personality disorder those people
suffer fromchronic dysphoric affect and have a
disposition for feeling guilty and/or ashamed
Looking inside to find explanations
“Mood disorders”
88
88
89. Anaclitical
shame; high reactivity to loss and rejection;
vague feelings of inadequacy and emptiness;
weak capacity to be alone
Looking in the outside for explanation
Dependent; narcissistic or borderline
personality disorder.
89
89
90. Depressive P.D . : a pervasive and repetitive
pattern that intensifies under stress → more
chronic state
Major depression : the vegetative symptoms
are on the foreground (decreased
appetite,decreased sexual desire; sleep
disturbances; psychomotor retardation etc)
90
90
91. Introjective
Concerned with self definition, autonomy, self
worth,self critical thoughts
Anaclitic
Concerned with relatedness, trust, preservation
of attachments
91
91
92. Somatization P.D.
Anxiety neurosis (Actual Neurosis)
Somatic (hartbeating; sweating; trembling;
nausea; problems with respiration etc.)
Not related to mental representations
Related to mental process disorders
DSM IV; somatization,somatoform disorders
panic disorders and PTSD.
92
92
93. Somatization P.D.
Mental Process disorders
No psychological Self but the body is the
self
No Somatization as a defense but Soma
Alexithymia: medically unexplained
physical symptoms/ conversions
They live in a frightened world instead of
a world they are experiencing as
frightening
93
93
94. Somatization P.D.
1. Anxiety neurosis instead of psycho-
neurosis
2. Panic / momentaneous anxiety
3. External Regulated / Motivated
4. The area of the personality disorders
Axis 2 cluster A and B
5. Somatization, Somatoform disorder,
Panic disorder and PTSD.
94
94
95. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociation as reaction to trauma
Vertical split
Dissociative amnesia → problems in
remembering specific episodes related to the
trauma
Dissociative fugue → problems in remembering
the own history, past or identity confusion.
95
95
96. Dissociative P.D.
Appearance of alters
Distinct identities or personality states each
with his own relatively enduring pattern of
percieving,relating to andP.D.
Dissociative
thinking about the
environment and the self.
They recurrently take control of the persons
behavior
96
96
97. Ever met a normal person ??? And did
you like it ???
mdw@wxs.nl
97