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Architectures and Algorithms for
Intelligent Web Applications
Dario Bonino
dario.bonino@polito.it

24/03/2006 Esami Finali di Dottorato (Ingegneria Informatica)2
Agenda
• Introduction
• Approach
• Logical Architecture
• Contributions
• The H-DOSE platform
• Case Studies
• Conclusions

Introduction
• How can Semantic Web Techniques improve
nowadays knowledge-related applications?
– I/R Systems
– CMS
– e-Learning systems
• Goal: to explore to what extent available
semantic technologies can be “easily” integrated
in nowadays web architectures, and to explore
the involved advantages

Approach
• Document-based approach (now being extended
to multimedia):
– Resources are documents
– Document-level knowledge (what the document is
“about”)
– No knowledge extraction at levels more fine-grained
than paragraphs
• Inter operable approach
– Standard technologies must be adopted (SOAP-
based Web Services)

Logical Architecture
ISWC 2003

Multilingual Ontology
SAC 2004

Conceptual Spectrum
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ICTAI 2004
Advantages:
• More compact
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• Allows to use the
Vector Space Model in
the retrieval phase
DOCUMENTS

Conceptual Spectrum
ICTAI 2004
Advantages:
• More compact
representation
• Allows to use the
Vector Space Model in
the retrieval phase
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QUERIES
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Vector Space Model

Ontology-based annotation-
query expansion
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ICTAI 2004

The H-DOSE platform
Service Layer: SOAP-based
Web Services Called by
External Applications
Kernel Layer: services for
classifying, indexing and
retrieving resources
Data-Access Layer: services to
access ontologies,
persistent storages,
documents
ICTAI 2003

Case Studies: PassePartout
• Integrated the passepartout CMS
• Support for
– Manual annotation of published resources
– Concept-based search
– What's related search
• Developed
– A new ontology about disability: around 450 concepts
• Automatic annotation
– 40000 triples / 1000 web pages / 1000 Spectra

• Weighted mean taking into account the
ranking order of documents
• Relevance
Case Studies: Passepartout
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Weighted mean relevance over 10 results
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Queries
WeightedRelevanceR Bare Search
Spectra Search
Relevance vs position
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20,00%
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70,00%
80,00%
90,00%
100,00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ranking order
Relevance
Bare Search
Spectra Search

Case Studies: Moodle
• Integrated the MOODLE e-Learning application
with a “semantic module”.
– Works for courses and for associated resources
– Search resources by concept
– What's related
• Developed a new ontology
– Around 300 concepts
• Integration time ~ 2 days (built a new module
from scratch)

Case Studies: CABLE
• CAse Based e-Learning for Educators
– Developed a new ontology (80 concepts)
– Integrated the HDOSE components for conceptual
search into a distributed application based on the
Bodington e-Learning framework
– Allowed conceptual searches for:
• Related case studies, starting from a sample case study and
starting from a course, or from course material.
– Integration time: less than 1 day.

Case Studies: ShortBread
•Transparent Semantic
Search
•Guided by user
navigation
•Virtually un-noticeable
•Designed as a personal
proxy

Utilities and tools
• Integration of autonomic features in HDOSE
(ICAC 2004)
• An evolutionary refinement algorithm for
annotations (CEC2004)
• A Protégé plugin for ontology visualization
(SWAP 2005)
• Automatic learning of text-to-concept mappings
exploiting WordNet-like lexical networks
(SAC2005)

Summary
• Extended the classical ontology
definition(Gruber / Maedche) to support
multiligualism
• Designed a new compact representation of
semantic annotations (allows to use the Vector
Space Model in searches)
• Designed and implemented a semantic platform
for supporting concept-based search and
retrieval in nowadays web applications
• Tested the platform on 4 different case studies
• Platform and tools available on SourceForge.

Conclusions
• Case studies show that
– Integration of semantic-based functionalities on
already existing applications is possible.
– Semantics integration with HDOSE is feasible and
simple enough.
– HDOSE can become a valuable asset for companies
offering services on the web (it is adopted as
semantic backbone by Intellisemantic s.r.l.)
– Text to concept mapping is critical for automatic and
semantic indexing

Thank you!
dario.bonino@polito.it

Publications
• An Evolutionary Approach to Web Request Prediction.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, G. Squilleroposter at WWW2003 - The Twelfth
International World Wide Web Conference, 20-24 May 2003, Budapest,
HUNGARY - (Conferenza Internazionale)
• A Real-Time Evolutionary Algorithm for Web Prediction.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, G. SquilleroWI-2003, The 2003 IEEE/WIC International
Conference on Web Intelligence, October 2003, Halifax, Canada -
(Conferenza Internazionale)
• Semantic annotation and search at the document substructure level.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. Farinettiposter at ISWC2003 - 2nd International
Semantic Web Conference, Florida (USA), October 2003 – (Poster)
• DOSE: a Distributed Open Semantic Elaboration Platform.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. FarinettiICTAI 2003, The 15th IEEE International
Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, November 3-5, 2003,
Sacramento, California - (Conferenza Internazionale

Publications
• Dynamic Prediction of Web Requests.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, G. SquilleroCEC03: 2003 IEEE Congress on
Evolutionary Computation, Canberra, Australia, 8th - 12th
December 2003, pp. 2034-2041 - (Conferenza Internazionale)
• Multilingual Semantic Elaboration in the DOSE platform.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. Farinetti, A. FerratoSAC 2004, ACM
Symposium on Applied Computing, March 14-17, 2004, Nicosia,
Cyprus - (Conferenza Internazionale)
• An Agent Based Autonomic Semantic Platform.
D. Bonino, A. Bosca, F. CornoICAC2004, First International
Conference on Autonomic Computing (IEEE), New York, May 17-
18, 2004 - (Conferenza Internazionale)
• Dynamic Optimization of Semantic Annotation Relevance.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, G. Squillero CEC2004, Congress on
Evolutionary Computation, Portland (Oregon), June 20-23, 2004 -

Publications
• Domain Specific Searches using Conceptual Spectra.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. FarinettiICTAI 2004 the IEEE International
Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 15-17 Nov 2004,
Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp.680-687 - (Conferenza
Internazionale)
• Ontology Driven Semantic Search.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. Farinetti, A. BoscaWSEAS Conference ICAI
2004, Venice, Italy, 2004 (Conferenza Internazionale)
• Ontology Driven Semantic Search.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, L. Farinetti, A. BoscaWSEAS Transaction on
Information Science and Application, Issue 6, Volume 1, December
2004, pp. 1597-1605 (Rivista Internazionale)
• Automatic learning of text-to-concept mappings exploiting WordNet-
like lexical networks.
D. Bonino, F. Corno, F. Pescarmona20th Annual ACM Symposium
on Applied Computing Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 13 -17, 2005 -

Publications
• H-DOSE: an Holistic Distributed Open Semantic Elaboration
Platform.
D. Bonino, A. Bosca, F. Corno, L. Farinetti, F.
PescarmonaSWAP2004: 1st Italian Semantic Web Workshop 10th
December 2004, Ancona, Italy - (Conferenza Nazionale)
• Domotic House Gateway.
P. Pellegrino, D. Bonino, F. CornoSAC 2006, ACM Symposium on
Applied Computing, April 23-27, 2006, Dijon, France - (Conferenza
Internazionale)
• OntoSphere: more than a 3D ontology visualization tool.
A. Bosca, D. Bonino, P. PellegrinoSWAP 2005 - Semantic Web
Applications and Perspectives 2nd Italian Semantic Web Workshop
Trento, Faculty of Economics 14-15-16 December, 2005 -
(Conferenza Nazionale)

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