Defining iot.schema.org: Using Knowledge Extraction from Existing IoT-based ontologies iot.schema.org iot ontologies knowledge extraction iot.schema.org 15 november 2018

1. Defining iot.schema.org:
Using Knowledge Extraction from
Existing IoT-based ontologies
Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing
Dr. Amelie Gyrard
Postdoctoral Researcher
Kno.e.sis Research Center
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (USA)
Research web site: http://sensormeasurement.appspot.com/
LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Google +, Google Group
15 November 2018
(iot.shema.org monthly teleconference)

2. Agenda
● Defining iot.schema.org
● schema.datacommons.org
● Introduction: (Semantic) Web of Things
● Reuse of knowledge: Linked Open Vocabularies for
Internet of Things (LOV4IoT)
● Knowledge Extraction for the Web of Things:
A Challenge co-located with World Wide Web
Conference (WWW) 2018 2

3. iot.schema.org - Ongoing Extension
3
Ongoing
Extension

4. http://iotschema.org/Capability 4
Compatibility with other ongoing
ontology standardizations
(e.g., W3C WoT, W3C Semantic
Sensor Networks (SSN), ETSI
SAREF, OneM2M ontology)?
iot.schema.org

5. iot.schema.org - Ongoing Extension Example
5
How to decide which
concepts to include?
http://iotschema.org/AirConditionerhttp://iotschema.org/Capability

6. Agenda
● Defining iot.schema.org
● schema.datacommons.org
● Introduction: (Semantic) Web of Things
● Reuse of knowledge: Linked Open Vocabularies for
Internet of Things (LOV4IoT)
● Knowledge Extraction for the Web of Things:
A Challenge co-located with World Wide Web
Conference (WWW) 2018 6

7. schema.datacommons.org.
Weather Ongoing Extension
7
http://schema.datacommons.org
IoT Ongoing
Extensions

8. schema.datacommons.org.
Weather Ongoing Extension
8http://schema.datacommons.org/WeatherMeasurement
Sample on existing
weather schemas

9. schema.datacommons.org.
Weather Ongoing Extension
9http://schema.datacommons.org/RainMeasurement
Existing weather
schema

10. schema.datacommons.org.
Weather Ongoing Extension
10http://schema.datacommons.org/Measurement
Sample on existing
weather, unit and/or
IoT ontologies?

11. Agenda
● Defining iot.schema.org
● schema.datacommons.org
● Introduction: (Semantic) Web of Things
● Reuse of knowledge: Linked Open Vocabularies for
Internet of Things (LOV4IoT)
● Knowledge Extraction for the Web of Things:
A Challenge co-located with World Wide Web
Conference (WWW) 2018 11

12. Connecting the Things to the Web
12
● More and more Web-based applications every day
● Main objective: easily monitor data generated by devices
○ Examples: NetAtmo for smart home, Fitbit for smart
healthcare, Footbot for air quality

13. Web of Things (WoT) Overview
13
● Connecting the things/objects to the Web = The
Web of Things
● Web of Things’ Pioneer: Dominique Guinard
○ PhD Thesis: A Web of Things Application Architecture [Guinard
2011] and books
● Real-time Demo: http://devices.webofthings.io/

14. W3C Web of Things (WoT)
14
https://www.w3.org/WoT/

15. W3C Workshop on the Web of Things 2014
15
W3C Workshop on the Web of Things, Berlin, Germany, 2014
Paper: Domain knowledge Interoperability to build the Semantic Web of Things
Slides: Domain knowledge Interoperability to build the Semantic Web of Things
2014

16. Towards the Semantic Web of Things
16
Usage of semantic web
technologies
(aka knowledge graphs)

17. Google’s Knowledge Graph (2012)
17
Video (2 mins 44): https://youtu.be/mmQl6VGvX-c
Blog: https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html

18. Agenda
● Defining iot.schema.org
● schema.datacommons.org
● Introduction: (Semantic) Web of Things
● Reuse of knowledge: Linked Open Vocabularies for
Internet of Things (LOV4IoT)
● Knowledge Extraction for the Web of Things:
A Challenge co-located with World Wide Web
Conference (WWW) 2018 18

19. Reusing WoT knowledge already designed
19LOV4IoT Project: http://lov4iot.appspot.com/
A catalog to reuse existing
ontologies/schemas/
vocabularies
=> Linked Open Vocabularies for Internet of Things
(LOV4IoT)

20. Exploiting the domain knowledge available
on the Web and make it interoperable
20
Exchange
● Domain knowledge already structured and designed
● IoT generated Ontologies are used to share and reuse the IoT
domain knowledge
ClassifyCollect Annotate

21. LOV4IoT in Real-Time - Demo
21Ontology Catalog: http://lov4iot.appspot.com/?p=ontologies
November
2018
More than 470
projects referenced
using ontologies

22. LOV4IoT Demo Embedded
LOV4IoT Video on Youtube: https://youtu.be/a1zsdkzE_oY

23. Agenda
● Defining iot.schema.org
● schema.datacommons.org
● Introduction: (Semantic) Web of Things
● Reuse of knowledge: Linked Open Vocabularies for
Internet of Things (LOV4IoT) to
● Knowledge Extraction for the Web of Things:
A Challenge co-located with World Wide Web
Conference (WWW) 2018 23

24. 24
Challenge Website:
http://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/KE4WoTChallengeWWW2018
April 2018
Knowledge Extraction

25. The KE4WoT challenge
● A growing collaboration task(s) within standards to
design ontologies for IoT:
○ W3C Semantic Sensor Networks (SSN)
○ W3C Web of Things
○ OneM2M
○ SAREF for smart building and other extensions
○ iot.schema.org
○ Others.
http://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/KE4WoTChallengeWWW2018#Description_of_the_KE4WoT_Challenge

26. Task 1: Exploiting the Web of Things Knowledge Base
26
● Building an ontology catalog for the IoT and the WoT.
● More than 470 identified ontology-based projects
(all in different IoT specialization domains)
● More than 20 domains relevant to IoT referenced such
as healthcare, building, smart grid, smart agriculture,
smart transportation, etc.
● Other ontology catalogs approaches: Linked Open
Vocabularies (LOV), BioPortal, Ready4SmartCities, etc.
○ State of the art analysis here

27. KE4WoT Research Challenge IntroductionKE4WoTChallenge
Task 1:
Exploiting the Web of
Things Knowledge Base
Task 1.1:
Extracting the most
popular terms
Task 1.2:
Ontology Matching
Challenge Task 1.1: Extracting the most popular terms and properties (Challenge Task 1: Exploiting the Web of
Things Knowledge Base)

28. KE4WoT Challenge Task 1.1: Extracting the Most Popular Terms
http://lov4iot.appspot.com/?p=OntologyExtractionKE4WoTChallengeWWW2018
Too many concepts:
1) Neither aligned
2) Nor part of core ontologies
like W3C SSN, W3C time
Defining the
methodology
for building this table
automatically

29. Research Methodology
29
Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International Conference WWW/Internet.
21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin Gaedke

30. STEP: Identification of Popular Concepts
30
Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International Conference WWW/Internet.
21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin Gaedke

31. Statistics: Extent of re-use among
ontologies
31
Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International Conference WWW/Internet.
21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin Gaedke

32. Ongoing extensions for Smart Home
32
Extension of this paper - Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International
Conference WWW/Internet. 21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin
Gaedke

33. Ongoing extensions for Weather
33
Extension of this paper - Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International
Conference WWW/Internet. 21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin
Gaedke

34. Ongoing extensions for Smart Cities
34
Extension of this paper - Outstanding Paper Award - Concept Extraction from Web of Things Knowledge Bases. International
Conference WWW/Internet. 21-23 October 2018, Budapest, Hungary. Mahda Noura, Amelie Gyrard, Sebastian Heil, and Martin
Gaedke

35. Extensibility to Discover More knowledge
35
● Need more time
● Need more manpower
● But possible!
LOV4IoT Project: http://lov4iot.appspot.com/
Web services and dumps
already available to analyze
ontologies

36. LOV4IoT - IoT Web Service & Tutorial - Demo
36
LOV4IoT IoT Web Service:
http://lov4iot.appspot.com/perfectoOnto/getOntoDomain/?domain=IoT
To automatically
retrieve the
ontology code

37. Conclusion & Future Work
37
● A lot of ontologies to build (Semantic) Web of Things applications
○ More efforts are needed for mapping, extend and reuse
the existing ones.
○ Common patterns must be identified and classified.
● Parallel and Future work:
○ Disseminating more semantic web best practices [1]
○ Disseminating more ontology catalogs for IoT
○ Ontology alignment initiative (OAEI) with an IoT track [2]
○ Investigate more Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) and modular ontologies
○ How to find ontologies fitting our needs?
■ Ontology ranking, etc.
[1] http://perfectsemanticweb.appspot.com/
[2] OAEI: http://oaei.ontologymatching.org/2017.5/

38. Acknowledgments
● This work is partially funded by:
○ Hazards SEES NSF Award EAR 1520870
○ KHealth NIH 1 R01 HD087132-01.
Disclaimer:
The opinions expressed are those of the authors and
do not reflect those of the sponsors.
38

39. Questions
39

40. Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing
Dr. Amelie Gyrard
Postdoctoral Researcher
Kno.e.sis Research Center
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (USA)
Research web site: http://sensormeasurement.appspot.com/
LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Google +, Google Group
15 November 2018
(iot.shema.org monthly teleconference)
Defining iot.schema.org:
Using Knowledge Extraction from
Existing IoT-based ontologies