1. Boeing 787 Dreamliner
Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics
Chapter Outline
OPENING CASE: Building the Boeing 787
INTRODUCTION
STRATEGY, PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS
WHERE TO PRODUCE
Country Factors Management Focus: Philips in China Technological Factors Product Factors
Locating Production Facilities
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF FOREIGN FACTORIES
Management Focus: Hewlett Packard in Singapore
OUTSOURCING PRODUCTION: MAKE–OR–BUY DECISIONS
The Advantages of Make The Advantages of Buy Trade–offs Strategic Alliances with Suppliers
MANAGING A GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN
The Role of Just–in–Time Inventory The Role of Information Technology and the Internet ... Show
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ANSWER 2: Boeing ran into problems with its global supply chain when suppliers failed to deliver
parts on schedule. Many students will probably suggest that if Boeing wants to string together a
supply chain consisting of unrelated companies located in various parts of the world, it need to make
management of that supply chain a top priority. Boeing was contending with various types of
problems including poor quality components, incorrect installation of parts, secondary outsourcing,
and so on. Students will probably suggest that if Boeing had been on top of these types of issues
earlier in the process, it might have been in a better position to take steps to mitigate their effect on
the entire supply chain.
Teaching Tip: To learn more about Boeing go to {http://www.boeing.com/}.
2. Lecture Note: To extend this discussion, consider
{http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/sep2007/db2007095_956348.htm?
chan=search}and
{http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/apr2008/db2008043_948354.htm?
chan=search}.
Chapter Outline with Lecture Notes, Video Notes, and Teaching Tips
Introduction
A) In this chapter we look at five questions: Where in the world should productive activities be
located? What should be the long–term strategic role of foreign production sites? Should the firm
own foreign production activities, or is it better to outsource those
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3.
4. Developments in the Constuction of Aircrafts
Early design aircrafts were manufactured from many materials with poor properties that would
develop problems in the aircraft's life and performance. In early aircrafts, such as the Wright Flyer,
were constructed from Stika spruce, which is a natural type of fibrous composite material. This
material gave the aircraft many issues, one of them being fungal rot which then imposing a change
in the design of aircraft material. This then brought the introduction of other alternate materials;
such as aluminium, which was a boost in aircraft performance and operational life. As the
evolvement of the aerospace industry reaches the 1970s, the use of composite materials has
increased rapidly. By this time, other materials were introduced to the development of an efficient
aircraft such as steel and titanium. Composite materials are defined as materials that are created
from two or more components with considerably different chemical or physical properties. They are
designed in such a way, that when combined together, can produce materials with characteristics
completely different from the component being as an individual. The new materials may be used
and desired due to its positive reasons such as: Stronger material Lighter weight And also less in
costs when compared to the previous traditional material As mentioned above, composite materials
are now being used in a wide range in the Aircraft Industry. They have now allowed the engineers to
design and overcome difficult
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5.
6. Design Aspects Of The Composite Replacing Metal Parts
Introduction: Since the first aircraft was developed for flight, people have had a goal to improve the
aircraft's physical applications and production of the aircraft more profitable. These changes made
aircraft lighter and have increase flight ranges for aircraft for useful for people. In aircraft
modification in today's world is making another major leap in attempting to replace metal structures
on aircraft. The reasons for the changes are due to production cost, to create a lighter aircraft, to
increase load capabilities, and aim to prevent fatigue and corrosion damage. New structures are
being developed to replace metal parts happen to be composite parts. Composite (ex: CTRP) parts
are able to meet the standards required to replace ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The benefits of composite over metal structures are making composites the best option. Certain
benefits can lower production costs; material is improved from morphing of aircraft structures,
corrosion does not happen in composites which lead to longer lifetime, the overall production cost
of the aircraft becomes lower due to the aircraft being lighter and increases lift for the improved
performance out of the aircraft. Research like this tends to have positive effects on different
commercial products such as cars and houses. A question that comes up "why hasn't composites
been utilize earlier", the answer is technology has finally been able to make composites at affordable
prices and the knowledge of materials has increased to a point where it could be applied properly.
Composites materials are still in early stages of development, but are being applied in aircraft
currently to learn more how they function. As the understanding improves of composites, the
application of materials is increased in aircraft structures. The objectives are to understand how
aircraft structures are changing from metal to composite parts. This is caused by latest technology
and new requirements from aircraft users. With new capabilities in materials, composites in aircraft
structures remain still in the beginning stages however over time composite structure will be
developed for additional purposes. Literature Review: The Composite Structures have been around
since the beginning of
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7.
8. Case Study: Boeing's Approach To Project Management
Question no. 1
Describe and evaluate boeing's approach to project management? What are its strengths and
weakness?
Answer no. 1:
Development program are successful project at the core of Boeing's 767. Indeed, without an
efficient, method for planning, scheduling and controlling the thousands of activities required to
assemble an aircraft as large and complex as the 767, it would have been virtually impossible for
this program ever to take off the ground. According to one of Boeing's web site of project
management , the part giant utilized a containing of variety a sort of tools and methods to proctor
and control project performance. Boeing's 767 were developed at the start of the project to define
how the project would be managed. The plan defined the developed activities required to ... Show
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New competition from other manufacture in medium range market.
Highly cost in fuel
Boeing's faces these marketing risks. The marketing manager brought it to the airlines, who
reviewed, among other things, its flight characteristics, range, cursing speed, interior, systems and
operating costs the feedback to designers the airplanes to meet the best the requirements of
customers is a difficult process. Airline bit difficult to design. Therefore, the configuration changes
constantly.
c. Technological risk:
In the technological risk was that is the customers were involved in design and development of the
Boeing 767, they would gain from much greater involution and feedback from users of the aircraft.
In the very new airplanes they are first to tested then to implement the designed. These tested
approved the safety test in the laboratories and too much used of computer they are useful in
techniques. For the last project they learnt many of lessons which are not used in the 767 product
airline. This airline is much better than the competition promotes.
d. Production risk:
In the production risk they faced two critical attempted
1. Maintaining schedule
2. Learning curve
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9.
10. Boeing 787
The Pennsylvania State University Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
IE466: Concurrent Engineering
Individual Homework #1 – Boeing 787: The Dreamliner
Boeing 787: The Dreamliner Case Study (download from Angel) During the past decade, Boeing
watched as their competitor, Airbus, launched several new and very successful aircraft. In 2004,
Airbus surpassed Boeing in commercial airplanes delivered and future orders placed. This is the first
time that Boeing has ever lost its leading market share. The 787 is the first new airplane that Boeing
has introduced to the market in a decade. This case study examines how the 787 is strategically
transforming Boeing's approach to aircraft ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With all the steps that Boeing took, it was guaranteed that Boeing would be successful in the market.
2. How does the approach used for the 787's development differ fundamentally from other airplane
projects undertaken by Boeing?
The approach that Boeing 787 took was fundamentally different than other airplane projects
undertaken by Boeing. Boeing built 70% of the products of Boeing 787 from different countries of
the world. Boeing has a long–standing reputation to be secretive with their projects, so it was a big
step for Boeing to break their privacy and work with a group of people across geographical
boundaries. 35% of the plane's structure was supplied from Japan. Approximately, 26% of the
products were supplied from Italy. There were teams of 15 companies responsible for the structure
of the plane, 10 teams from USA and the rest from seven other countries. A lot of the other products
were also ordered from different parts of the world, including the vertical fin from Frederickson as
well as the fixed and movable leading edges of the wing from Tulsa. Once all the parts were built,
they were sent back to USA for the assembly. Also, 787 would be the first aircraft of its kind to
bring long–range capabilities to a midsized airplane. It was also the first time Boeing had its
structural suppliers fund their own research and development so that suppliers had a greater
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11.
12. Boeing Scrambles to Repair Problems with New Plane
Boeing Scrambles to Repair Problems With New Plane Layers of Outsourcing Slow 787 Production;
'Hostage to Suppliers ' By J. LYNN LUNSFORD December 7, 2007 EVERETT, Wash. –– On
Tuesday, Boeing Co. will give Wall Street a progress report on its 787 Dreamliner, as it scrambles to
overcome a six–month delay in producing the new jet. A look inside the project reveals that the mess
stems from one of its main selling points to investors –– global outsourcing. When the Chicago
aerospace giant set out four years ago to build the fuel–sipping jet, it figured the chief risk lay in
perfecting a process to build much of the plane from carbonfiber plastic instead of aluminum.
Boeing focused so hard on getting the science right that it didn 't ... Show more content on
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The plan calls for suppliers to ship mostly completed fuselage sections, already stuffed with wiring
and other systems, to Boeing facilities around Seattle so they could be put together in as few as three
days. Existing production methods can keep a plane the size of the Dreamliner in the final–assembly
area for a month. But many of these handpicked suppliers, instead of using their own engineers to
do the design work, farmed out this key task to even–smaller companies. Some of those ended up
overloading themselves with work from multiple 787 suppliers, Boeing says. The company says it
never intended for its suppliers to outsource key tasks such as engineering, but that the situation
seemed manageable at the time. "We tended to say, 'They know how to run their businesses, '" says a
Boeing executive familiar with the company 's thinking. "Now Boeing is hostage to the suppliers,
and there 's very little they can do about it," says Tom Wroblewski, president in the Seattle region
for the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, which was critical of all the
outsourcing. Despite the start–up problems, Boeing and its suppliers still say they believe this new
method of developing planes is the model for future projects. Once the production line is running
smoothly, they argue, it will be more efficient and profitable than existing construction methods. 2
The companies brought in
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13.
14. Qantas Is The World 's Third Most Seasoned Carrier
INTRODUCTION
Qantas, the name originates from the introductory letters of the words in the first enrolled title –
Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited (QANTAS). Qantas is the world 's
second most seasoned carrier. Established in the Queensland outback to 1920, it is Australia's
biggest domestic and international airline. Furthermore may be perceived concerning illustration a
standout amongst the world 's heading adrift in length. Separation carriers, Hosting pioneered
administrations starting with Australia with North America and Europe. The Qantas in 2012 utilizes
roughly 32,500 people, Also offers administrations crosswise over a organize spanning 182
destinations Over 44 nations.
PRESENT:
AIRCRAFT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fleet restoration critical decreases in expense through more prominent fuel proficiency and less
regular overwhelming kept maintenance.
Jetstar:
Company is serving 70 aircrafts at present.
Airbus A320–200 is currently more in service.
Qantas put in a request for 110 A320s in 2011, with 11 dispensed to an arranged new Qantas Group
premium carrier in Asia (never really settled) and 99 to the different Jetstar–marked aircrafts.
2. Financial aspects:
Qantas: Qantas is de–utilizing its asset report and expanding its arrival on contributed capital. The
Group 's income enhanced quickly contrasted and the same period a year ago, with money produced
from operations up 44.8 for every penny to $1 billion. Positive net free income was $194 million.
Liquidity stays solid at $3.6 billion, including $2.9 billion in trade and $720 million out undrawn
offices. Around 33% of the Group 's armada of air ship is sans obligation and, after a time of broad
fleet reestablishment, the Group 's normal planned traveller air ship age is 7.2 years – the most
youthful in over two decades. Arranged capital use is unaltered at $900 million for both money
related year 2015 and budgetary year 2016.
Jet star: The Jetstar Group reported Underlying EBIT of $81 million, a change of $97 million
contrasted and the same period a year ago. Locally, Jetstar accomplished EBIT of $63 million,
driven by enhanced yields
17. Qantas Airline Half Annual Financial Results For 2015 Essay
Qantas is renowned as the world 's foremost long distance carrier and among the most powerful
brands in Australian market, being established in Queensland in 1920. The company has been
magnificently able to establish a standing for distinction in safety, operational dependability, high
end technology and excellent customer services. It operates in local, national and international
routes and destinations (QANTAS, 2015). Today, the airlines operates across a network of 175
destinations in 42 countries covering all over the world with approximately 30,000 employees. The
Qantas group also propagates subsidiary businesses like complementary airline brand Jetstar, and
other businesses in dedicated services such as Q Catering, Qantas Freight Enterprises and Qantas
Frequent Flyer (QANTAS, 2015).
This report is based on the study and research of Qantas airline half yearly financial results for 2015.
The strategic purpose of this report is to scrutinise the present strategies employed by the company
in its transformation programme, how it profits them, how it lowers the cost structure, the need and
scope for imminent strategies for future to further improve the profits and the direction of the
company. In this report, an analysis of key economic factors and trends has been done to identify the
effect of these factors on future business, crucial drivers for change, developments in the Asia
Pacific region and how the company adopt their strategies for future progress and course of the
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18.
19. External Influences Of Operations Management
Evaluate the Response of Operations Management to External Influences
Operations Management
Operations Management in an organisation is repsonsible for managing and in making decisions
concerning the activities that convert inputs into outputs , that is goods and services. This covers
both short term actvities as well as longer term activities to meet strategic goals. Inputs can be the
raw materaials need to manufacture goods such as furniture or the computers needed to create a
service like online shopping site. Operation management's role is to make decisions to improve how
operation activities function, for example, to improve the final quality of the output or to change
production methods to be more efficient in terms of cost and in time.
The role of operations management is vital in planning and managing the way that inputs for the
business are transformed. Ultimately, operations management is trying to achieve a competitive
advantage for their organisation through improved efficiencies, product quality, reduction of cost
and product differentiation.
Figure 1 – Operations Management is key in the transformation process
External Influences
All businesses are affected by a series of external forces or influences. These influences may also
change over time and hence the way they interreact with an organisation can also change.
Operations Management will use a variery of measurements to monitor external influences to help
them respond to these changes, for example, at times of slow hire rates for employees in time of
high employment, operation Management may re–train other internal staff to make up shortfalls
[Kydos, P29].
External influences cover a wide variety of factors, and their influence can differ between business
types. These include the following:
Globalisation
Technology
Customer quality expectations
Legal Regulations
Government Policies
Environment sustainability
Cost–based competition
20. Corporate social responsibility
Quality Expectations
Some examples of external influences are now examined in detail.
Globalisation
Globalisation is the growth and integration between the economies in different countries for
movement of goods and services. Globalisation
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21.
22. Boeing 787 Dreamliner Network Security
Boeing 787 Dreamliner Network Security
Stephen Connolly
Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
Boeing 787 Dreamliner Network Security
In 2008 Boeing had made all sorts of headlines in the media, due to some new technological
developments in their newly designed 787 Dreamliner. These headlines that splashed across
websites were initially brought about due to a FAA "special conditions" report. This topic of this
report first appeared in Flight International, and then a few days later it gathered momentum in a
critical follow up from Wired Magazine. According to Wired (2008), the FAA states "Boeing's new
787 may be vulnerable to hacker attack". All of this has come about due to the new design features
of the 787. Whilst designing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boeing has created numerous methods to stop any chance of a would–be hacker from accessing any
of the vital networks for flight controls and navigation. As is clear from the FAA, this whole report
was not based on the idea of them necessarily being concerned about the aircraft being hacked, more
so about the issue of how the new wiring system will work.
References
Arthur, C. (2012, May 29). Cyber–Attack Concerns Raised Over Boeing 787 Chip's Back Door.
Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/may/29/cyber–attack–concerns–
boeing– chip Charette, R. (2008, January 7). FAA To Boeing: Please Show That 787 Dreamliner
Can't Be Hacked.
Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/riskfactor/transportation/air/faa_to_
boeing_please_show_that
Craft, J. (2008, January 3) FAA Demands Connectivity Security For Boeing 787 Control And
Information
Networks. Retrieved from http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/faa–demands– connectivity–
security–for–boeing–787–control–and–information–220564/
FoxNews.com. (2008, February 20). How To Hack Into A Boeing 787. Retrieved from
http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/02/20/how–to–hack–into–boeing–787/ Fox2Now. (2012, May
30) Could Terrorist Bring Down Planes By Hacking Them? Retrieved from
25. What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Composite...
I. INTRODUCTION
A
n aeroplane is acted upon by a few forces in the sky: Lift, Drag, Thrust and Weight. It counters the
force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil. A composite
material is a material made from two or more constituent materials with differing physical or
chemical properties that when joined together, produce a material with characteristics different from
the individual material. The individual component remains separate and unique from the finished
structure. There are a few types of currently available composite materials, and they include carbon
fibre, fiber glass and fibre–reinforced matrix systems. Almost all new aircraft these days include
some composite material into their designs. The most common composite material that is used in
aircraft is fiberglass. Other composite materials used includes Kevlar, which is now replacing glass
fibers. Composite materials had been used commonly since ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although aeroplanes go through very stringent checks before flying, more time is needed to check
when it is made with the composite material. As composite materials do not break easily, it is hard to
differentiate if the interior structure has been damaged at all. Hence, it requires extensive inspection
techniques for detection. In contrast, for traditional materials like aluminium, due to its nature, it
bends and dents easily. [6] Therefore it is quite easy to find out if there is any structural damage.
Based on experience, an aircraft would be grounded for a few days to repair on the composite
material while only a few hours would be needed for a traditional metallic part. Moreover, repairs
can be much more expensive when a composite surface is damaged. Also, composite repairs are
more prone to human error than metal repairs since the quality of composite repair is highly
dependent on the process
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26.
27. Boeing 787 Supply Chain Process Essay
NAME : GAUTAM RAJA SOUNDAR
DATE : 09/27/2014
TITLE : BOEING 787 DREAMLINER
CRITICAL FACTS:
"Boeing is the world 's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners
and defense and space". Boeing has been a top manufacture of commercial aircraft's, it employees
around 169,000 employees in the United States. (Anonymous, 2014).
"Boeing decided to change the rules of the way large passenger aircraft were developed through its
Dreamliner program; rather than simply relying on technological know–how, it decided to use
collaboration as a competitive tool embedded into a new global supply chain process."(Pearlson &
Saunders, 2013, p 166).
It's complicated, unique design, promise of 20% increase ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are many aspects that caused this delay but one of main reason was that the supply chain of
the Boeing 787 Dreamliner was not properly integrated and coordinated. The virtual model of the
Boeing 787 Dreamliner was not up to the mark and it actually failed due to the use of composite
materials, this was also the reason that the project was delayed. This was the first time that Boeing
had outsourced both the manufacturing and design of the 787 to other companies where as for the
other planes Boeing had only outsourced the manufacturing and had kept the design under its own
control. (Cohan 2011).
Boeing contracted with over 50 suppliers after their decision to outsource 60% of its design and
production. This decision was to reduce the cost, this was a very good decision in terms of reducing
cost but Boeing should have given a thought about the risks of outsourcing, which in the end hit
them real hard. The supply chain of Boeing was designed in such a way that Boeing functions as the
final assembler and the integrator. The supply chain was so extensive that parts of the 787 were
being moved globally before they reached the final assembly unit. The 787's wings were going from
Japan to Washington, fuselage sections 43 from Japan to South Carolina and then to Washington.
There was a lack of communication and coordination between the design engineers and the
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28.
29. Defining My Project Came As A Challenge For Me
Defining my project came as a challenge to me. I originally wanted to choose something that was
similar to my partner, Brian's, topic. After looking through my options and speaking to my partner I
eventually gave up and chose to research a topic I had much more interest in. I ended up choosing
commercial aviation and more specifically the selection process in which materials are chosen for
the wings used in the commercial aircraft. With the goal of becoming an aerospace engineer, I felt
this topic was something I could get involved with on higher level and it would definitely help me
put more effort into my research and in return I would achieve something out of it. Working with my
partner Brian was also a pleasurable experience. Although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Using various sources I was able to come up with many questions and answers about my topic.
Before actually looking into the materials used in the wings, I translated the requirements similarly
to Ashby's method. I wrote down an initial function for the wings and its constraints and objective.
Using this outline I started my research. Of course, with any engineering design there were many
steps before the actual design process. This is usually defining the actual function. In the case of the
aircraft wings the actual function is to provide lift for the aircraft and contain an assortment of
devices and other materials in the interior safely and efficiently. Because many lives will be at stake
if the wings fail, safety is one of the ultimate concerns. During my research I looked up many of the
potential conditions that aircraft wings go through. To function, the wings have to deal with a
variety of forces and loads. But, the main goal is obviously not to have one successful flight and
start over. The wings have to last many years, with proper maintenance. Therefore the main
objective for many engineers is to come up with a design that can withstand an extensive amount of
cycles, and also be cost effective. I looked up the average life of an aircraft and it varied by
manufacturer. It averaged around to be a 100,000 cycles before a commercial jet was retired. To
reach this
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30.
31. The Boeing 787 Dreamliner Essay examples
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner After all that has been said about the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the
airplane is set to revolutionize the airline industry. The 787 Dreamliner is more technologically
advanced than its predecessors and will boast better performance, better fuel efficiency, and higher
passenger comfort. To be honest, with all the new innovations the 787 Dreamliner is said to have,
the airplane is quite a wonder. The question now: Can Boeing deliver? If Boeing succeeds, they will
catapult past their competition, the European manufacturer Airbus. They are confident that the 787
Dreamliner will help them do just that, and have predicted very high sales numbers. According to
Oxford Analytica, Boeing has predicted the sale of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The passenger experience is also supposed to be much improved. The cabin will have improved
humidity, and will be pressurized to 6,000 feet instead of the 8,000 feet that other airliners provide.
Due to the new flight technology, there should also be better noise–reduction from the engines, and
a smoother ride (Newairplane). All in all, with all the new improvements, Dreamliner seems to be a
very fitting name for this new aircraft. Boeing has many potential suitors for its 787 Dreamliner. Its
largest customer is the International Lease Finance Corporation, which has ordered 74 aircraft
(Wiki). The International Lease Finance Corporation, or I.L.F.C., leases planes to many of the
world's airlines, such as Air Canada, Lufthansa, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, and Delta
Airlines (Wiki). According to newairplane.com, a few of the many customers for the Boeing 787 are
British Airways, Northwest Airlines, Korean Air, United Airlines, and Virgin Atlantic
(Newairplane). The airplane is not expected to be used for passenger service until the fourth quarter
of 2010, so sadly we won't get to see it in action until the end of the year (Wiki). The Boeing 787
Dreamliner will be replacing the 767 and the 757 jets (Global). The 787 Dreamliner will be able to
carry 250–330 passengers farther distances than these jets, and do it much more efficiently. Its main
competition will be from Airbus, specifically the new
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32.
33. Advantages Of Composite Materials
2. Composite Materials
2.1. Introduction
Composites are materials consisting of two or more chemically distinct constituents having a clear
interface separating them and with properties which cannot be obtained by any constituent material
working individually [1].
One of the modern definitions of composite materials was given after 1990 and it says that: "A
modern composite material is a system formed of at least two constituents, in which the fiber
volume fraction is at least 10% and in which the mechanical property values of one component are
at least 5 times higher than the values of properties of the second component." [1].
As an example, "While a high–strength fiber can have a tensile strength of 3500 MPa or more, a
typical polymeric matrix normally has a tensile strength of only 35 to 70 MPa"[2].
2.2. Why composite materials? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taranu, "Composite Materials Course," in Oral communication within the frame of the Composite
Materials Course, 2011.
[2] F. C. Campbell, "Introduction to Composite Materials," ASM International, pp. 1–30, Nov–2010.
[3] B. Strong, A, Fundamentals of composites manufacturing: materials, methods and applications,
2nd ed. Dearborn, Michigan: Society of manufactering engineers, 2008, pp. 1–17.
[4] Johnson Todd, "Benefits of Composites," About.com, Composites / Plastics. [Online]. Available:
http://composite.about.com/od/aboutcompositesplastics/tp/Benefits–Of–Composites.htm.
[5] M. Biercuk and M. Llaguno, "Carbon nanotube composites for thermal management," Appl.
Phys., pp. 1–3, 2002.
[6] L. Asp and E. Greenhalgh, "Multifunctional composite materials for energy storage in structural
load paths Introduction – Demands for Energy Storage and Lightweight," Denver, 2012.
[7] A. P. Vassilopoulos and T. Keller, Fatigue of Fiber–reinforced Composites. London: Springer
London, 2011, pp. 1–23.
[8] Wikipedia, "Carbon–fiber–reinforced polymer." [Online]. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon–fiber–reinforced_polymer. [Accessed:
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34.
35. Boeing's 787 Dreamliner
Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years. The
company has an extended tradition of aviation innovation and modernization. Boeing meets
customer needs by continuing to expand its product line and services. With almost 12,000
commercial jetliners in service worldwide, this is nearly 75 percent of the world fleet. Boeing offers
outstanding engineering, modification, logistics, and information services to its worldwide customer
base. Boeing is focusing its new product development new product on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is a long–range, mid–size wide–body, twin–engine jet airliner that seats
210 to 330 passengers. Its variants include the 787–3, 787–8, 787–9, and 787–10. Boeing claims
that it is the company's most fuel–efficient airliner and the world's first major airliner to use
composite materials as the major material in the assembly of its airframe. The composite materials
make the aircraft weigh much less. The 787 was first airliner with the fuselage assembled with one–
piece composite barrel sections instead of the multiple aluminum sheets. The Dreamliner has an
airframe comprising nearly 50 percent composite material. "Undertaking the design process without
preconceived ideas enabled Boeing engineers to specify the optimum material for specific
applications throughout the airframe. The result is an airframe comprising nearly half carbon fiber
reinforced plastic and other composites. This
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36.
37. Mechanical And Structural Factors Of An Aircraft
Aircrafts are and always have been a great mode of transportation and come with many clear
advantages over many other forms of transportation . This in turn may be one of the main causes of
their popularity and success over the years. Aircrafts are used commercially, Privately and they even
have military applications. Aircrafts have always been an iconic sign of freedom. Even in the media
and in commercial advertisements an airplane can be a symbolic tool used to instill security,
freedom and luxury. Although there have been a great many advancements in mechanics and
engineering of the aircrafts over the years, and many people consider them to be a reliable mode of
transportation they still all have the capacity for mechanical or structural failures. In this paper we
will begin to explore some of the main causes of these failures as well as the mechanical and
structural factors behind them. An aircraft will typically fail because of an excess of stress applied to
one or multiple mechanical or structural components. A more exact definition of stress is; "The force
perpendicular to the cross sectional area of the member divided by the cross sectional area."(chapter
8 lecture) There are several different types of stress and certain points of stress on an aircraft are
more susceptible to damage or failure. In this paper we will also begin to analyze these factors to
provide a more clear understanding of the mechanical and structural factors of aviation. According
to Dr. Hans
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38.
39. Boeing 787 Dreamliner Case Study
(Boeing, 2014)
Title – Boeing 787 Dreamliner Case Study
Date – 9/29/2014
Name – Pawankumar Sharma
CRITICAL FACTS:
Boeing is an American multinational and the world's largest aerospace corporation that
manufactures designs and sells commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems to
clients in 150 countries. (Boeing, 2014)
It was founded by William Boeing on July 15, 1916 and is headquartered at Chicago, Illinois.
(Boeing, 2014)
Boeing is a 1, 69,000 strong employee organization and has work offices in 65 countries. It
specializes in commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic and defense systems,
launch systems, advanced information and communication systems, and performance–based
logistics and training. (Boeing, 2014)
"Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years. Boeing
manufactures the 737, 747, 767, 777 and 787 families of airplanes and the Boeing Business Jet.
Boeing 787–10 Dreamliner, the 737 MAX, and the recently launched 777X are some of the new
product development efforts by the company. "(Boeing, 2014)
Boeing built more than 12,000 commercial jetliners which are in service today worldwide, that's 75
% of the world fleet. 90 % of the world's cargo is carried onboard Boeing planes. Thus making the
company single largest provider of air–freighters in the world.(Boeing, 2014)
Currently, Boeing is ranked 30th in top 500 fortune Companies with Revenue = $86,623 million,
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40.
41. Internal And External Influences On The Organization Essay
1.1 Internal and external influences on the organization
Internal Influences
a) Skills: Air New Zealand Board of Directors need to have the skills of top managers, such as
leadership, strategic planning and risk management. In addition, they need to establish any
negotiating ability is excellent and build relationships with other major airline alliances.
b) Staff: Air New Zealand chief executive Christopher Luzon experience from other members of the
January 2013 implementation of the team are:
Cam Wallace – Chief Sales & Commercial Officer
Rob MacDonald – Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Parton – Chief Operating Officer
Ink Folio Lin – Chief People Officer
David Morgan – chief flight operations and safety officer
Mike Todd – chief marketing and customer officer
Stephen Jones – chief strategy officer networks and alliances
c) Structure: Here is the department subdivision of Air New Zealand.
d) System: Both New Zealand and Singapore Airlines Star Alliance, which includes 27 airlines from
different part of the continents. In addition, Air New Zealand is the only member of the Australasian
Union located.
In addition, revenue sharing agreement with Cathay Pacific Airways Auckland route started last year
– to improve the status of Hong Kong Air New Zealand Southeast Asia. Other hubs in Los Angeles,
Shanghai, Tokyo, Sydney, Vancouver and London.
It also must be remembered that New Zealand is the New Zealand government–owned company
(53% stake).
E) Share value: New
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42.
43. Green Aviation : The Fastest Growing Sector Of The Major...
Air transportation is considered the fastest growing sector of the major travel methods. The U.S.
Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics reported that in 2015, airlines
serving the United States carried an estimated 895.5 million passengers system wide. This was a five
percent increase system wide from the previous year. The field of Green Aviation tackles
environmental concerns related to air travel by coming up with ways to improve airplanes and the
systems in which they fly. In order to tackle these concerns, Green Aviation focuses on flight
efficiency, which will lead to safer and greener flights. Green Aviation seeks to improve flight
efficiency through lightweight materials, improved aircraft design, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These composite materials have a high strength to weight ratio, which can allow planes to be bigger
and lighter. Even though there are many benefits some drawbacks to composite materials are the
inability to see whether there are cracks on the surface and repairing any damage. According to UK
chemist Paul Weaver from the University of Bristol these types of repairs are currently a drawback
to widespread use of composite materials("Changing Planes"). Manufacturing composite materials
is a more exhaustive labor process compared to conventional aluminum. Brian Smith, director of
Boeing research and Technology explains that in order to manufacture the composite material
components, many layers of material are stacked and then heated under pressure in a furnace to
achieve optimum stiffness and resistance to buckling ("Changing Planes"). This long process is
hoped to be curved in the near future where machines will be able to heat the materials together
without having to be put into a furnace. While these drawbacks can be costly, in the long term they
will pay of. Aircraft can be much lighter which greatly reduces fuel cost, also allowing for bigger
planes that allow more passenger. In the long term the planes will pay themselves of. Another way
to enhance flight efficiency is through improved aircraft design. With improved aircraft design the
goal is to lower fuel consumption. A target which is proposed by industry analysts
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44.
45. Boeing 787 Dreamliner: Time, Budget and Project...
Contents
Boeing 787 Dreamliner:
Time, Budget and Project Performance Analysis
1 Introduction.
1.1 In developing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Boeing executive management's initial decisions and
project management strategies did not control the four major measurements of project success: time,
budget, performance and client acceptance (Pinto, 2013, pp. 35,36). This report analyses the
methodology and project management decisions that led to a project crisis and risk to Boeing's
reputation.
2 Boeing history.
2.1 Boeing Aircraft Corporation, with a heritage of aircraft design, manufacture and assembly, dates
back to July 1916 (Boeing, 2004). Recent aircraft including 737, 747, 767, and 777 are all designed,
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Other companies, for example the Toyota Motor Company, use out–sourcing successfully to trusted
companies with a high degree of product design control as a method to reduce costs in production
(Denning, 2013).
6.2 The Boeing model adopted was to spread the design and development to suppliers on a global
scale with costs met by suppliers (Ostrower & Lublin, 2013). A strategy such as this should have
been tightly controlled from the outset. Without this control, difficulties in assembly and ill–fitting
parts requiring redesign added to the delays experienced by the project (Denning, 2013), with
hundreds of Boeing engineers sent to various companies to solve technical problems (Tang &
Zimmerman, 2009).
7 Communication and Cultural Risk.
7.1 Boeing management opted to control Tier 1 and Tier 2 integrators and their suppliers using a
computer web based system, 'Exostar' (Denning, 2013). This system intended to provide supply
chain and logistics visibility and 'real time' monitoring to control process, development, time and
cost. Due to cultural differences and trust issues with this system, accurate and timely information
was not entered by integrators and suppliers (Denning, 2013).
7.2 A Failure to understand the cultural differences with
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46.
47. Composite Materials Report
1. Introduction
The traditional material for aircrafts is aluminium while composite material content has always been
less than 20% until the recent years. The latest aircraft models by Airbus and Boeing have
composites content of 50% or more. (Mauricuien, n.d.) It has brought about many benefits to the
industry but also causes difficulties in maintenance and safety issues. The drive of the material
evolution is due the economic factors and higher expectation of society as technology advances. The
report includes how the advantages of the composite material make it attractive by helping to solve
the issues faced by the industry.
2. Composite Materials
Composite materials are made of at least two materials. They are mixed together to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(IATA, n.d.) Therefore the fuel price hike and carbon emission issues made the light weight
composite very attractive as it lowered fuel consumption and carbon emission.
Corrosion and Fatigue Free
Composite materials are highly resistant to chemicals and do not corrode easily. (Ingenia, n.d.)
Hence, reducing the amount of chemicals needed to prevent corrosion. (Airbus, n.d.) Airliners used
to face fatigue crack and corrosion with the traditional aluminium floor beams. However, when the
Boeing 777 was designed with composite floor beams, not a single floor beam has been replaced till
date after flying for more than 10 years. (Boeing, n.d.)
Lower Maintenance Cost
The corrosion and fatigue free characteristic of composite materials has helped to reduce the amount
of scheduled maintenance greatly. Aircrafts are able to have a longer interval between each
scheduled maintenance by having its first visual structure check at 6 years and first heavy check at
12 years. (Boeing, n.d.) This new maintenance schedule was introduced for the Boeing 787 and the
Airbus 350. Man hours for each check can also be reduced by 20%. Overall reduction of labour
hours over 25 years for different checks can be seen in Figure 1. (Boeing, n.d.) The reduction of
scheduled maintenance and labour hours significantly aid in the reduction of the overall
maintenance cost. The longer scheduled maintenance intervals would also allow the aircrafts to
sustain a longer airborne period.
50. Boeing 787 Case Analysis
System viewpoints "regards the organization as a system interrelated parts", can be considered a
system with many parts/departments that contributes to its organization to becoming successful. A
systems viewpoint includes four parts Inputs, Transformation processes, Output and Feedback
which all are important in a company. In the article Boeing especially displayed all systems to
become a better company. Throughout this paper I will be discussing how Boeing Company tries to
get their company back in order, starting with management involvement, suppliers and elaborating
how management methods plays a role in a company's outcome.
After reading the WSJ Boeing 787 article I was able to get a better understanding of what was going
good and bad within the company. Boeing is an overall good company but they were having
difficulties producing enough jets along with supplies coming in on time. Vaupell Holdings Inc.
Supplier of Boeing is in need of change in their system. Boeing has become more involved as a
company sending engineers to examine products for planes and jets. In my opinion Boeing as a
company is showing Quality control "minimizing errors by managing each stage of production"
which calls for engineers to examine supplies before they carry forward with making planes.
Boeing is trying to change the past and prove themselves to the world they can also keep up. Boeing
has won a series of contracts hope to make 300 more jets a year with their new plan. In the past
they've
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51.
52. The Air New Zealand Company
TASK 1
Q:–1
Ans:– I Have chosen AIR NEW ZEALAND COMPANY. Air New Zealand Group is the operation
of local and worldwide traveller transport and cargo. The history of Air New Zealand, the national
transporter of New Zealand, started when the amalgamated East Coast Airways and Cook Strait
Airways started operations in January 1936 as Union Airways of the nation 's first significant aerial
shuttle. The New Zealand Government purchased full responsibility for in 1961 and the air transport
was renamed Air New Zealand in 1965. New Zealand 's local aerial shuttle, National Airways
Corporation was converged with Air New Zealand in 1978. The air transport was built up as TEAL
on 26 April 1940. Its first flight was on 30 April 1940, with Short Empire flying pontoon ZK–AMA
turning over ten travellers from Auckland to Sydney. It took around 7 hours 30 minutes to venture to
every part of the 1345 miles. In June 2004, the expansion of 12 Boeing flying machine to the
armada and arrangements to change the long term flying knowledge air New Zealand re announced.
The Boeing arrangement saw Air New Zealand obtaining eight new Boeing 777–200ER and four
Boeing 7E7 air ship, and additionally rights to procure a further 46 whole deal airplane. The airplane
started touching base in October 2005 and has permitted Air New Zealand to grow new courses,
expand recurrence on existing courses and increase both traveller and payload limit.
Performance
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53.
54. There are various materials which can be used on...
There are various materials which can be used on aircrafts. Composite and alloy materials are the
primary component used due to the ability to combine certain materials with different strengths
together to create a composite or alloy. These have ultimate properties that are needed to create an
aircraft to be used safely in application. Composites are used due to the extreme high strength to
weight ratio, although using large amounts of metals can be strong, unlike composites this would be
too heavy. Composites essentially are designed to create a lighter aircraft, which over a long period
of time, would be more cost effective for company running the plane, due to fuel savings.
Materials used in aircrafts, range from metal alloys such as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the lack of corrosion resistance, it is common to add a clad layer of aluminium 1100, which
provides the resistance to corrosion. Adding the extra aluminium as a clad causes the weight and
cost to rise. Due to this, many different alloys were created to allow the aircrafts to be lighter and
cheaper to manufacture and run such as aluminium–Lithium. Aluminium–lithium alloys are used on
modern aircrafts like the Boeing 777 and the 787 dreamliner. A typical aluminium–lithium alloy is
Aluminium 2090–T83.
Aluminium 2090–T83 is an aluminium–lithium alloy which consists of many different materials;
AL, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Si, Ti, Zn and Zr. The alloy is a light weight material and offers a
higher strength to weight ratio than other materials that are currently being used due to the low
lithium content. The advantage that it has over the 2024 is that 2090–T83 does not need a clad of
aluminium as the alloy resists corrosion, the material as a whole is less dense and has a higher
strength properties. Aluminium lithium alloys are also easy to machine, making welds easier than
other alloys creating it to be cheaper to manufacture and maintain.
Alloy 2090–T83 is primarily designed to be used in applications where high strength requirements
are necessary. Currently the alloy is used for aircraft bulkhead stiffeners to take advantage of the
high strength and lower density to achieve a substantial weight reduction. This material is also used
in the wing
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55.
56. Boeing Adopted The Radical Change Approach For Designing...
Boeing adopted the radical change approach for designing and developing the 787 Dreamliner not
only to attempt to create new aircraft through the innovative design and advanced material, but it
also drastically changed the production process. With a $10 billion dollar project in mind, the goal
was to reduce the financial risks involved as well as the new product development cycle time.
Meanwhile, Boeing produced a remarkably complicated supply chain that included greater than fifty
partners in over 100 locations all across the globe. In addition to the complicated supply chain, they
experimented with various firms in diverse areas to align complementary skill sets. Furthermore,
this was the first time the company outsourced the two most crucial parts of the plane, the wings and
the fuselage. The first risk of adopting the radical change approach include depending on a large–
scale, global supply chain in which correspondence complications may compromise execution.
Secondly, introducing a fundamentally different supply chain could cause unforeseen complications.
Finally, an enormous delay in original delivery could compromise integrity as well as company
dependence. The decision to radically change the approach was a high–risk and high–reward
initiative. On one hand, deciding to implement the radical change approach dramatically reduced
financial risks and decreased product development cycle time. However, the decision delayed
original launch date, temporarily compromised
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57.
58. Air New Zealand Board Of Directors Essay
Air New Zealand Board of Directors need to have the skills of top managers, such as leadership,
strategic planning and risk management. In addition, they need to establish any negotiating ability is
excellent and build relationships with other major airline alliances.
b) Staff: Air New Zealand chief executive Christopher Luxon experience from other members of the
January 2013 implementation of the team are:
Cam Wallace – Chief Sales & Commercial Officer
Rob MacDonald – Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Parton – Chief Operating Officer
Ink Feiluo Lin – Chief People Officer
David Morgan – chief flight operations and safety officer
Mike Todd – chief marketing and customer officer
Stephen Jones – chief strategy officer networks and alliances
c) Structure: Here is the department subdivision of Air New Zealand.
d) System: Both New Zealand and Singapore Airlines Star Alliance, which includes 27 airlines from
different part of the continents. In addition, Air New Zealand is the only member of the Australasian
Union located.
In addition, revenue sharing agreement with Cathay Pacific Airways Auckland route started last year
– to improve the status of Hong Kong Air New Zealand Southeast Asia. Other hubs in Los Angeles,
Shanghai, Tokyo, Sydney, Vancouver and London.
It also must be remembered that New Zealand is the New Zealand government–owned company
(53% stake).
E) Share value: New Zealand 's culture is that many people consider to have a combination of
increasing
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59.
60. Boeing 787 Dreamliner : An Innovation
Boeing 787 Dreamliner: An Innovation in Composites
Carl Bunge, Alex Morgan, John Montgomery, Aaron Paul Pinkoske, Jay Pittenger, Daniel Pollastro,
Omar Ruiz, Mitchell Scott
MSE 201
December 1, 2014
Imagine flying at 30,000 feet in the air. You are warm, comfortable and possibly have a movie to
watch. But the thought that a small fraction of an inch of material is all that separates you from the
exterior of the plane makes you second guess your security. However, this is all possible thanks to
the power of dreaming and the incredibly efficient use of composites. These materials exhibit unique
properties that lead to an astounding amount of benefits. More than the material itself, it is the team
at Boeing and its suppliers who work together to create one of the world's most innovative planes.
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner uses advanced composite technology to provide an increase in
efficiency, longevity and comfort, as well as a unique manufacturing process that leads to
advantages over both previous models and competitors.
The building materials available to engineers today are vastly improved over those of the past. One
class which has seen wide spread usage in many fields are composites. These new materials first
appeared on the aerospace scene in the early 1970's, for these materials were found to provide many
benefits over the previous metal–based designs.
Many different engineering perspectives of this material
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61.
62. Business Analysis Of Boeing's Competitive Advantage
Running Head: BOEING'S e–ENABLED ADVANTAGE 1 Boeing's e–Enabled AdvantageAdam
PierceOhio Dominican University | | BOEING'S e–ENABLED ADVANTAGE 2Could e–Enabling
create the kind of sustainable advantage that the airplanes used to provide?Boeing was able to utilize
its competitive advantage to produce better airplanes at a better price compared to its closest
competition. Boeing dominated the market industry and became a global leader by producing
cutting edge products that were better quality than the closest competitor. It wasn't until Airbus
started receiving government assistance from European countries that another ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If Boeing can continue to produce outstanding products and stand ahead of the competitors they will
continue to be the dominate figure in the market.BOEING'S e–ENABLED ADVANTAGE 4Would
Boeing's transition into services prove to be the silver bullet – the solution to the airlines' financial
woes and to Boeing's aggressive competition with Airbus?Boeing should keep innovating and
producing new ideas to provide more efficient aircrafts to the airline industry. Boeing should also
focus on its core competence which would be making better and newer airplanes (boeing.com,
2012). Integration is also a key contributor to a successfully company and a possible solution to
better the organization. An integrated aerospace company and a global enterprise including
designing, producing, and supporting commercial airplanes, defense systems, and defense &
civil space systems (boeing.com, 2012). Airline companies like Boeing and Airbus should equally
focus on both commercial aviation sector and the defense sector to help the financial troubles these
firms may be involved in. Boeing has been able to transition nicely into the services industry while
maintaining a strong hold in manufacturing sector as well. Boeing has been able to provide the
customers what they what and need when flying today. They have been able to
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63.
64. Boeing 787:the Dreamliner
In the 21st century, any company whose ultimate goal is to achieve leadership within its industry, it
is necessary that they think beyond their domestic market and consider global markets instead. By
doing this, they need to be able to change or implement their strategy in order to stay as competitive
as they were before, form alliances and partners along the way and outperform the competition. For
Boeing, trying to become the global leader in its industry again meant that they needed to launch an
exceptional, better aircraft than their competition, Airbus. They were also relying on foreign partners
more than ever before to get every part ready in time for assembly. With the launch of their 25th
model named the 787 Dreamliner, scheduled ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, Nippon Airways was the first launch customer ordering 50 Boeing 787's followed by
60 more orders from Chinese Airlines. With a successful launch of the 787, not only will they be
able to regain industry leadership but also outperform Airbus's A380 model.
Boeing was hit negatively by some economic issues that could have slowed them down in achieving
their goal for regaining leadership in the industry. As their traditional airline customers were facing
economic hardships due to high fuel and labor costs, union strife, very high prices of airplanes and
competitive pricing across the industry, it all affected Boeing directly as well. Most if not all of these
factors were outside of Boeing's control. Gas prices were not going any lower and regional, cheaper
and Boeing's customer concerns were that the 20% fuel reduction should be the minimum
requirement rather than a stretch goal. Also, efficient airlines such as JetBlue and Virgin America
were emerging with their Airbus models. Not only were these airlines big threats for the main
airlines such as United, American and Delta, they were, in one way or another, affecting Boeing as a
whole.
In the political aspect of things, Boeing accused Airbus of receiving $15 billion dollars for launch
aid which backfired due to Airbus's response that Boeing is no innocent in receiving tax breaks and
money from the American Defense
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65.
66. Boeing Case Solution
F523 – SPRING 2013 BOEING CASE
1. What is the appropriate required rate of return against which to evaluate the prospective IRR 's
from the B ANSWER:The appropriate rate of return against which to evaluate the IRR is the risk–
free rate, plus the market risk
1a. Please use the capital asset pricing model to estimate the cost of equity. At the date of the case,
the 74 over T–bonds. Which beta, risk–free rate, and risk premium did you use? Why? Financing
Components Debt Equity Market Values Weight Cost of Capital (After Tax) $ 6,823,736,197 0.85
3.72% $ 1,176,263,803 0.15 28.18% Total: $ 8,000,000,000 1.00 WACC WACC Inputs: Beta: Risk–
Free Rate: Market Risk Premium: Pre–tax Cost of Debt: Income Tax Rate:
Exhibit 2 – 2002 Balance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assumptions can be changed to vary the results.
Copyright (C) 2004 by the Trustees of the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation.
Boeing Delivery Schedule
Year 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
707 8 77 91 80 68 34 38 61 83 118 111 59 19 10 4 11 21 7 9 8 13 6 3 2 8 8 8 3 4 9 5 4 14 5 1
717
727
737
747
757
70. Boeing 787 Dreamliner- Product Development Analysis
Assignment summary:
This assignment investigated the product development process in Boeing 787 Dreamliner. I will go
through The product development process adopted for the product, Reasons/features that created
excitement in the first place, Major problems encountered that caused the delay in launching the
product, Problems faced in operation that led to the grounding of all aircrafts of this model,
Problems faced in operation that led to the grounding of all aircrafts of this model and How would I
handle the development of this product. On the surface, it seems that the supplier management
organization at Boeing didn't have diddly–squat in terms of engineering capability when they
sourced all that work, which caused the whole event. But ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Key features to follow is listed as below:
Figure1. How composite solutions are applied throughout the 787.
Picture from Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M. and Forbes Smith, C. (2005), "Boeing 787
Dreamliner – Flying Redefined". Aerospace Technical Publications International, ISBN 0–9752341–
2–9.
As a result the cost–per–seat mile is expected to be 10% lower than for any other aircraft and has 30
percent lower airframe maintenance costs than any comparable product and is available for revenue
service.
|
3. Major problems encountered that caused the delay in launching the product.
Due to its radical innovation of complexity in product development process, manufacturing of the
Dreamliner was heavily outsourced to firms all around the world with components being built in
France, Japan, Italy, Australia, Finland amongst others. Suppliers scattered around the world each
was focused primarily on their own outcomes – they had to deliver what was required on time and
within their own budget constraints. Often, one supplier was forced to wait for another to provide a
component. These components were shipped and flown back to Boeing for final assembly. This
approach delegated responsibility, development cost and some risk. The complexity involved in
project managing such a vast network led to confusion and delays.
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71.
72. Delta Air Lines Airport & Airspace Capacity Case Study
Delta Air Lines Airport & Airspace Capacity Case Study The Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta
International Airport is one of the largest airports in the world and is the main hub for Delta Air
Lines, one of the largest airlines in the world. This case study will examine the relationship between
demand and capacity for the home hub of Delta Air Lines. Future predictions for air travel estimate
enormous growth rates as high as 50% by the year 2025. Airlines, airports, and the entire air–travel
infrastructure will be challenged with the task of keeping up with this level of demand as we move
towards the future. Today, the Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) is known to be
one the busiest airports in the world. Over 250,000 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This data is also broken down by aircraft gate type which shows the increase in certain types of
aircraft. The data shows a total of 33 new gates required by year 2031. New domestic gates
comprise the majority of the increase (+24 gates). International gate increases (+9) make up the rest
of the total. Large increases in widebody aircraft gates can be observed for both the domestic gate
totals and international gate totals. This seems to correlate with the recent trends in widebody
aircraft efficiency increases and respectively the future orders of such aircraft as the Boeing 787
Dreamliner and the Airbus A350 XWB.
These predicted increases in demand have highlighted a situation where in the future, capacity will
likely not be able to keep up with the demand and ATL will become deficient at maintaining
throughput. In 2004 the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had already began a Future Airport
Capacity Task (FACT) study which examined airport capacity across the country. The study was
meant to capture key airports within the U.S. that were predicted to have future capacity issues. In
2007 the FAA finished the updated second version of the study (FACT2) which outlined ATL as a
key airport in need of future expansion. Studies have continued with FAA and the Atlanta state
government
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73.
74. Why Are Composites Better Than The Use Of Traditional...
Introduction
Since the 1970's, composite materials have been used in aviation in the form of composite aircraft,
and the use of composites has only been expanding. Boeing aircraft from the past, like the 747 circa
1968, were generally made up of only 1% of composite material, whereas relatively newer aircraft,
like the 777, which began its service life in 1995, jumped to 11% composites. By 2011, and the
introduction of the 787 Dreamliner, the percentage of composites had risen to an astounding
50%...with the fuselage constructed completely of composites, as well as portions of the horizontal
stabilizers, vertical stabilizers, and wings. In doing so, it was Boeing's intention to enhance safety
standards while lowering costs in both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Mrazova, 2013) In the aviation industry today, composites have replaced previously used materials
such as titanium and aluminum in the manufacturing of wings, skins, primary load–bearing
structures, and fuselages.
However, composites are not wonder materials, in the aviation world, and do have their own
disadvantages. Internal damage to composite materials, from a low speed impact, though it shows
no external or surface evidence, could result in delamination between the internal layers, or plies of
composite material. It is in these circumstances that structural engineers have concerns regarding
complex repairs structural tolerances. Because of the threat of delamination, engineers who design
composite structures take special care to make certain that loads placed on the composites are
primarily in plane –– where the fibers are strong –– and that buckling does not occur. Compounding
the difficulties confronting engineers, composites cannot be inspected for weakness or internal
damage in the same way that metals can. Delamination and cracks in the composite matrix are
usually internal to the composite and will not be visible from the surface. Techniques are available
to find such faults –– such as the embedded sensors previously mentioned –– but they require a
different methodology than that to which the
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75.
76. Building the Boeing 787
Building the Boeing 787
Boeing Corporate Profile
Boeing (NYSE: BA) is a global leader in the research and development of aerospace and defense
systems, subassemblies, military, commercial and aerospace vehicles and systems. The company
today operates from its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois, having relocated there from Seattle,
Washington earlier in the decade. As of October, 2012 the company has 171,000 employees and
operates in 70 nations globally. As of the close of its latest fiscal year (FY2011) the company had
attained a 6.9% in revenue, reaching $68.7B in revenues. The company also earned an operating
profit of $5.6B, up an impressive 16.7% from their previous fiscal year.
Boeing also goes through periodic reorganizations over time to better align their business to the
markets they serve. As of October, 2012 the company is operating six segments including
commercial airplanes, military aircraft, network and space systems, global services and support,
Boeing Capital Corporation, and ancillary revenue. The company continues to invest heavily in
Research & Development (R&D), far above the industry standard of 7% (Rosenfeld, 2012). Boeing
also is one of the most innovative marketers of its systems and technologies, concentrating its efforts
on creating websites that are highly informational in nature. The goal of the majority fo Boeing
advertising spending is institutional advertising, followed by specific program marketing and
promotional costs. Boeing is also
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77.
78. Low Cost Airlines Essay
CANDIDATE NUMBER: 1801655
MN5333 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY AND ENTERPRENEURSHIP ANSWER 1: Low fare
price is one of the main thing passengers/ fliers consider when looking to fly, therefore for most, low
budget airlines are their first option. Passengers are willing to give up their comfort and other in–
flight services such as entertainment and during their journey for low ticket prices. However, over
the past few decades, operating long haul flights was not to the advantage of these budget airlines.
The cost of fuel made it for the most part, took up a huge proportion of the costs needed to
manage/operate these flights. According to The Economist article, Oasis airline went into liquidation
a year after they had started flying from London to Vancouver at low–cut prices in 2008. Regardless
of their flop, some other airline companies including Air Asia are giving the no frills model a try.
Scoot Airlines for instance offer cut–price tickets for six–hour flights between Singapore and
Tianjin; this is not a definite medium or long–haul flight. Time zones / time difference is one of the
challenges these low budget airlines faced in flying long distances. Some airports have night
curfews which makes it hard / impossible for the planes to turnaround the same day. This leads to an
increase in their operation cost, because they would have to be responsible for lodging and feeding
their crew. This is another reason why these low budget airlines adapt the free
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79.
80. Essay on American Airlines
Table of Contents
Abstract 3
Situation Analysis 3
Strengths, Weaknesses, Threats, and Opportunities 4
Re–Branding 6
Pricing Strategy 8
Service Marketers 9
Future 12
Summary 12
References 13
Abstract
In this case study we will review the new strategic business plan of American Airlines, and how they
are responding to changes in the marketplace to compete in the modern era. We will also analyze the
advantages of rebranding efforts, the effectiveness of existing practices of the airline and how the
airline may operate post merger with US Airways. By some measurements, the merger between
American Airlines and US Airways will create the largest company in the world, thus positioning
American Airlines to potentially become the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A smaller airline is simple and can easily adapt to change. Smaller airlines field similar aircraft for
interchangeability of maintenance workers and crew, they can quickly upgrade aircraft and they can
easily adjust management, directly address minor issues and quickly respond to changes in the
market place. While at a larger airline, bureaucracy slows these efforts, lengthily logistical and
environmental issues prolong the change process, what takes months for small airlines to adopt may
take years for a large airline. In my time in the military I learnt a school of thought called the tenants
of guerrilla warfare, I find it very similar to this circumstance (if they're big and you're small, then
you're mobile and they're slow, you're hidden and they're exposed etc etc). The threat of growing too
large is a known issue that airlines like Southwest avoid by utilizing careful growth in their business
plan.
This new growth presents American Airlines to a new pool of customers, the untapped international
community that has little knowledge of American Airlines and with the recent disasters of Air Asia
and Malaysian Airlines the safety record of American is an advertising point that any flyer will greet
with open arms. A complex marketing mix must be researched before entering a foreign market to
ensure conditions like lifestyles, consumer behavior and political/legal environments can grant
competitive position in the local market. (Peter
83. General Aviation Manufacturing : A Long Road Full Of Success
General Aviation Manufacturing has been a long road full of success from the Wright Brothers, to
current times. It has been helpful in the growth of the economy. General Aviation is defined as all
aviation other than military and commercial airlines. "General aviation flights range from gliders
and powered parachutes to corporate jet flights. The majority of the world's air traffic falls into this
category, and most of the world's airports serve general aviation exclusively" (General Aviation).
The manufacturers of general aviation aircraft has employed hundreds of thousands of people to
design and assemble the aircraft. General Aviation Manufacturing is an important, and expanding
industry. The Manufacturing of General Aviation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, industrial revenue bonds are issued by the government without any taxpayer liability. This
helps the company all around. It creates jobs and doesn't increase taxes (Wilson). Any company
helps the city and the city and the areas around it, but General Aviation Manufacturers are different
since the industry contributes more than $250 billion into the United States economy every year,
that's more than 1 percent of the United States' Gross Domestic Product, or GDP. Every year,
general aviation airplanes log more than 25 million flight hours. Around 18 million of those flight
hours are for business purposes. This is a very important industry not just for the cities and the
people, but for other businesses. Everyone thrives from the general aviation industry. The General
Aviation Manufacturing industry has employed more than 1.2 million people. There are so many
jobs needed to create these aircraft from design to assembly. You have the people that research new
ideas and the people that design the planes and put all the research together to create a plan. Then of
course you have the people that put the plane all together. There are so many steps in creating a new
aircraft and they are all important. Ever since the economy began declining around 2008, the general
aviation has taken a hit. Just like the big three car companies, the general aviation manufacturers
need to innovate to create new aircraft. Right now, everything about flying is
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84.
85. Composite Structure And Its Effect On Weight And Hardness...
Wonder composite materials, with a power and universal lightweight relative to weight and hardness
properties fell over most of the store of metals and alloys recently. Properties composite depends
largely on the characteristics of its constituent materials, the distribution and the interaction between
them. In general, filler is the main load bearing Members, while the matrix keeps them in the desired
location and orientation, as pregnancy transfer means between the fillers and protects them from
environmental damage. The composite characteristics may be part of the total volume of the
characteristics of components or the ingredients may interact cooperatively resulting in improved or
better properties. Apart from the nature of the constituent materials, engineering promote ( The size
and size distribution) affects the properties of composite greatly. Composite structure is a
combination of two or more different constituents that can be physically distinguished, resulting in a
final product that has better performance than each individual constituent does. Composite materials
consist of a matrix (polymer, metal or ceramic) and one or more reinforcing phases (fibers, particles,
flakes or fillers). The different constituents are combined judiciously to achieve a system with better
structural or functional properties than can be attained by any of the constituents alone. Composites
are becoming an essential part of today's materials due to advantages such as low weight, strong
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