Blunt truma abdomen neo

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Blunt trauma to the abdomen is a common injury, accounting for 20% of all civilian injuries. Automobile accidents are responsible for 60% of abdominal blunt traumas. Around 25% of all trauma victims will require surgery to explore the abdomen.

Health & Medicine

• 20% of all civilian injuries.
• 60% - automobile accidents.
• 25% of all trauma victims will require an
abdominal exploration.

Abdominal TB can involve any part of GIT from mouth to anus, the peritoneum and pancreato-billiary system. Total EP TB accounts for about 10-12% of total no. of TB cases, out of which 11-16% are abdominal koch. Sixth most frequent EP TB after lymphatics, genitourinary, bone & joint, milliary & meningeal TB. Caused by M. tuberculosis, M. bovis & NTM. Age group 20-40 most commonly affected & slight female preponderance has been described. Before era of HIV infection > 80% TB was confined to lung Extrapulmonary TB increases with HIV 40 –60% TB in HIV+ pt are extrapulmonary Globally, proportion of co-infected pt > 8 % ~ 0.4 million people in India are co-infected. In one study, 16.6% abdominal TB pt in Bombay was HIV +. Mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis reach the GIT: Hematogenous spread from primary lung focus Ingestion of bacilli in sputum from active pulmonary focus. Direct spread from adjacent organs. Via lymph channels from infected LN Rare Mechanism: Contiguous spread of infection from a fallopian tube TB peritonitis as complication of peritoneal dialysis Ileum > caecum > ascending colon > jejunum >appendix > sigmoid > rectum > duodenum > stomach > oesophagus More than one site may be involved Ileum > caecum > ascending colon > jejunum >appendix > sigmoid > rectum > duodenum > stomach > oesophagus More than one site may be involved Ileum > caecum > ascending colon > jejunum >appendix > sigmoid > rectum > duodenum > stomach > oesophagus More than one site may be involved

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