The document discusses the Blue Brain Project, which aims to create a virtual brain through detailed computer simulations. It is attempting to simulate the human brain by replicating it at the molecular level in a supercomputer. The project's objectives are to understand how human memory and thinking work, with the hopes of gaining insights that could help cure diseases like Parkinson's. The project requires powerful supercomputing hardware and complex neural simulation software to model the brain's neurons and synapses at a high level of detail. If successful, the Blue Brain could allow intelligence and memories to be preserved after death and help create new technologies like prosthetics.

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is blue brain?
 What is virtual brain?
 Function of brain
 Blue Brain Project
 Blue Brain Project Objectives
 Hardware and software requirement
 Advantage and Disadvantage
 Applications
 Future perspective
 Conclusion

3.  HUMAN BRAIN, the most valuable
creation of God. The man is called
intelligent because of the brain. But
we loss the knowledge of a brain
when the body is destroyed after the
death .
 “BLUE BRAIN”- The name of the
world’s first virtual brain. That
means a machine that can function
as human brain.

4.  The IBM is now developing a virtual
brain known as the BLUE BRAIN.
 It would be the worlds first virtual
brain.
 So, even after the death of a person
we will not loose the knowledge,
intelligence, personalities, feelings
and memories of that man that can
be used for the development of the
human society.

5.  A machine that can function
as brain
 It can take decision.
 It can think.
 It can respond.
 It can keep things in memory.

6. Function of a Brain
 Sensory Input :-
Receiving input such as sound ,image, etc
through sensory cell .
 Interpretation:-
Interpretation of the received input by the brain by
defining states of neurons in the brain.
 Motor Output:-
Receiving of electric responses from the brain to
perform any action .

7. Patch Clamp Electrode

8. The Blue Brain Project
 Founded in May 2005 in
Ecole Polytechnique Federale
de Laussane or Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology
located in Lausanne,
Switzerland.
HENRY MARKRAM
Neuroscientist ,EPFL
Director of BLUE BRAIN PROJECT

9. 'Blue Brain': An Artificial Brain Comes To Life In
Switzerland
 The goal is to build a much bigger electronic thinking
machine one that would ultimately replicate the human
brain .
 This piece of hardware consists of about 10,000 computer
chips that act like real nerve cells.
 The simulation was created at the Technical University in
Lausanne, Switzerland, where 35 researchers participate
in maintaining this artificial brain.

10. The IBM’s Blue Brain at Lausanne Switzerland

11. BLUE BRAINPROJECT OBJECTIVES
 The project will search for insights into how
human beings think and remember.
 Scientists think that blue brain could also help to
cure the Parkinson's disease.
 The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux,
the brain rewiring itself every moment of its
existence.If the scientists can crack open the secret
of how and why the brain does it, the knowledge
could lead to new breed of supercomputers.

12. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT
 Hardware for Data Acquisition
 A patch-clamp microelectrode is a
micropipette with a relatively large
tip diameter. The microelectrode is
placed next to a cell, and gentle
suction is applied through the
microelectrode to draw a piece of
the cell membrane (the 'patch') into
the microelectrode tip; the glass tip
forms a high resistance 'seal' with
the cell membrane.
 The part of cell is then studied
under microscope. Patch Clamp Electrode

13.  A Super computer
 Memory with a very large storing capacity.
 Processor with a very high processing power.
 A program to convert the electric impulses
from the brain to input signal.
 Technical specification of Blue Gene
>> 4,096 quad-core nodes
>> 16 terabytes of memory
>> Operating system: Linux SuSE SLES 10
>> Hourly process log
>> Full-HD passive stereo display connected to
two GPUs on head node

14. Architecture of Blue Brain

15.  Nanobots
Very powerful Nanobots
to act as the interface
between the natural
brain and the computer.

16.  Software Requirements
“NEURON” SOFTWARE
 For neural simulations
 “RTNeuron” SOFTWARE
 For visualization

17. ADVANTAGES
 It acts as a supercomputer.
 Improvements in processing,speed and memory could
make entire human brain simulated.
 Things could be remembered without any effort.
 Use the intelligence of the person after death.
 It can make decisions entirely of its own.
 Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve simulation.

18. DISADVANTAGES
 We become dependent upon the computer .
 Others may use technical knowledge against us.
 Computer viruses will pose an increasingly critical
threat.
 A very costly procedure of regaining the memory
back.

19. Applications
 Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data
 Cracking the Neural Code
 A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function
 Understanding Neocortical Information Processing
 A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders
 A Global Facility
 A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations

20. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
 Prosthetic devices to restore vision,
hearing or limb control might be
the next step.
 Further in the future, the real
dreams would be the realization of
the “brain-in-computer and chip-
in-brain” arrangement.
 This is just ’blink of an eye’…there’s
lot more to come…

21. CONCLUSION
 Very soon this technology will be highly accepted whole
over the world but wisdom lies in right use.
 “Technology does not create Brain but Brain creates
Technology”
 We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at
some point & this is just the beginning……..!

22. References:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene
 http://www.artificialbrains.com/blue-
brain-project data
 http://technology-
report.com/category/artificial-
intelligence/blue-brain-artificial-intelligence/

24. Any Queries……..?