The Blue Brain Project aims to reverse engineer the human brain and recreate it in a computer simulation, allowing for the storage and potential continuation of human intelligence. Utilizing advanced nanotechnology and a powerful Blue Gene supercomputer, the project seeks to understand brain functions and potentially cure neurological diseases. However, ethical concerns arise regarding dependency on computers for decision-making and implications of human cloning.

1. Blue Brain
Presented by:
Parker Punj

2. Contents
1) Introduction
7) Brain simulations
2) Virtual brain
8) Nanotechnology used
3) Blue brain
9) Objectives of Blue Brain Project
4)Blue Brain Project
10) Hardware and Software requirements
5) Human brain
11) Advantages and disadvantages of blue brain
technology
6) Functioning of brain

3. Introduction
Human Brain- The most important part of the body. Its like
CPU of a computer without which the whole system cannot
work.
Without which we cannot think, percept, feel, act or do anything.
What happens if our brain malfunctions...??
Can we store data of a human brain into memory devices....??
Can we have the benefits of a persons intelligence even after he dies?
Can a person make decisions and attend meetings without being
physically or mentally present there...??
The answer to the above question is
”BLUE BRAIN”

4. A machine that can function as brain
It can take decision.
It can think.
It can response.
It can keep things in memory.

5. What is a blue brain??
Blue brain is the name given to the virtual human brain.
It would be the worlds first virtual human brain.
Within next 30 years we will be able to scan or brains into
our computers including:
>Intelligence
>Memory
>Imaginations
>Thoughts
>Everything
BBP Next->

6. The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to reverse engineer the human brain and
recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation.
This includes:
>> Studying slices of living brain tissue using highly accurate apparatus.
>> Collecting data about different neurons
>> Data collected is used to build biological realistic model
>> This data is then simulated into artificial neuronal network by a supercomputer.

7. The Blue Brain Project(cont.)
The simulations are carried out on a Blue Gene supercomputer built by IBM
Blue Gene Super Computer, IBM

8. Founded in May 2005 in Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Laussane
or Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology located in Lausanne,
Switzerland.
HENRY MARKRAM
Neuroscientist ,EPFL
Director of BLUE BRAIN PROJECT

9. International Business Machines

10. Human Brain

11. Neocortex of brain showing neurons in neocortical
column.

12. Brain continuously forms networks among these cells

13. Huge neuronal network, Neurons uses electrical and chemical signals to
communicate

15. 
Sensory Input :Receiving input such as sound ,image, etc
through sensory cell .

Interpretation:Interpretation of the received input by the brain by
defining states of neurons in the brain.

Motor Output:Receiving of electric responses from the brain to
perform any action .

16. Natural brain
Vs
Simulated Brain
INPUT
Through the silicon chip or
artificial neurons
INTERPRETATION
By a set of bits in the set of
register

17. Natural brain
Vs
Virtual Brain
OUTPUT
Through the natural
neurons.

OUTPUT
Through the silicon chip.
PROCESSING
Through arithmetic and
logical calculations

PROCESSING
Through arithmetic and
logical calculation and
artificial intelligence

MEMORY
Through Secondary
memory
MEMORY
Through permanent
states of neurons

18. ???
How the Blue brain will work…???
How the human brain will be uploaded
into it …???
Possible due to the fast growing
technology.

19. NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanobots could carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete
readout of the connection.
This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to
function as us.
Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.

20. WHY BLUE BRAIN?

21. OBJECTIVES OF BLUE
BRAIN PROJECT

22. Objectives of blue brain project
1) The project will search for insights into how human beings
think and remember.
2) Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure many
brain diseases including the well known Parkinson disease.
3) The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain
rewiring itself every moment of its existence. If the scientists can
crack open the secret of how and why the brain does it, the
knowledge could lead to new breed of supercomputers.

23. A very good example of utilization of blue brain is the case
"short term memory
We can implant a micro chip into brain to act as secondary
memory.

24. One of the most important aspect of blue brain project is that we
can retain memory and intelligence even after a person dies.

25. HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT

26. Hardware for Data Acquisition
A patch-clamp microelectrode is a
micropipette with a relatively large
tip diameter. The microelectrode is
placed next to a cell, and gentle
suction is applied through the
microelectrode to draw a piece of the
cell membrane (the 'patch') into the
microelectrode tip; the glass tip
forms a high resistance 'seal' with the
cell membrane.
The part of cell is then studied under
microscope.
Patch Clamp Electrode

27. A Super computer
2) Memory with a very large storing capacity.
3) Processor with a very high processing power.
4) A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which
is to be received by the computer and vice versa.
Technical specification of Blue Gene computer:
>> 4,096 quad-core nodes (16,384 cores in total) (850 MHz each)
>> 16 terabytes of memory
>> Operating system: Linux SuSE SLES 10
>> Hourly process log
>> Full-HD passive stereo display connected to two GPUs on head node

28. Each core is associated with a dedicated 64bit double FPU.
Blue gene super computer can work with an efficiency of 8 floating point operation
per cycle.
The peak performance of Blue Gene super computer is 5.6 billion FLOPS.
Graphical processing capacity:
>> It’s equipped with 32 processor SGI system having 300 GB of memory.
Nanobots
Very powerful Nanobots to act as the
interface between the natural brain and the
computer.

29. Software Requirements
1. “NEURON” SOFTWARE
The primary software used by
the BBP for neural simulations is
a package called NEURON.It is
written in C, C++, and
FORTRAN.

30. 2. “RTNeuron” Software for visualisation
RTNeuron is the primary
application used for
visualisation of neural
simulations.It is written
in C++ and
OpenGL.RTNeuron is
software written
specifically for neural
simulations. RTNeuron
takes the output
simulations in NEURON
and renders them in 3D.

31. Hardware requirements of Rtneuron Software:
>> 11 node cluster, 3.47 GHz processors (Intel Xeon X5690)
>> 24 GB RAM, 3 Nvidia GeForce GTX 580 GPUs
>> Full-HD passive stereo display connected to two GPUs
>> 1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s ethernet, 40 Gbit/s QDR InfiniBand

32. ADVANTAGES
 Remembering things without any effort.
 Making decision without the presence of a person.
 Using intelligence of a person after the death .
 Curing various brain disease as we could study
them properly.

33.  We may become dependent upon the computer for making
decisions.

Others may use technical knowledge against us.
Another
fear is found with respect to human cloning.

35. Sources :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene
http://www.artificialbrains.com/blue-brain-project#data
http://technology-report.com/category/artificial-intelligence/blue-brainartificial-intelligence/
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=brain-project-neuron-to-wholebrain

36. Queries....??

37. For more slides contact:
parkerpunj@gmail.com