BLOOD GROUPING AND CROSS MATCHING. overview of blood grouping History classification of blood typing ABO SYTEM INTRODUCTION ON ABO SYSTEM AND KARL LANSTIENER LANSTEINER'S LAW PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODIES RH SYSTEM INCLUDING RH ANTIGEN AND POITIVE AND NEGATIVE BLOOD GROUPS BLOOD GROUP COMPATABILITY EXPLANATION ON CROSS MATCHING TYPES OF CROSS MATCHING INCLUDING MAJOR AND MINOR NOTE ON UNIVERSAL DONOR AND RECIPIENT AGGLUTINATION

1. BLOOD GROUPING AND CROSS MATCHING .
BY. MRS.WINCY THIRUMURUGAN

2. OVERVIEW:
An individual’s blood type depends on which genes
they inherited from their parents. The precise
composition of blood varies between individuals. This
difference in structure is what makes a person’s blood
type. Most people use the ABO system to group blood
types, as well as rhesus factor, which is either positive
or negative.

3. BLOOD TYPE:
 A blood type is a classification of blood, based on the presence and
absence of antibodies .
 Blood group antigens are either sugars or proteins, and they are
attached to various components in the red blood cell membrane.
• The antigens of the ABO blood group are sugars.

4. Classifications:
There are eight blood groups and they are
two systems.
•ABO System
•Rhesus system

6. ABO blood grouping system divides blood into 4 groups (A,B,AB,O) based on the presence
or absence of antigens A and B on the RBC surfaces and naturally occurring antibodies
anti-a and anti-b on serum.
There are 4 main blood groups defined by the ABO system:
1. Blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-b
antibodies in the plasma
2. Blood group B – has B antigens with anti-a antibodies in the plasma
3. Blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-a and anti-b
antibodies in the plasma
4. Blood group AB – has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies

11.  The agglutination indicates that
the blood has reacted with a certain
antibody and is therefore not
compatible with blood containing that
kind of antibody.
 Antibodies attach to antigens on the
surfaces of erythrocytes and
cause agglutination and hemolysis.

14. Rhesus System:
• The second system is called the rhesus system and is
classified as rhesus positive (+) and rhesus negative (-).
• The designation Rh is derived from the use of the
blood of rhesus monkeys in the basic test for
determining the presence of the Rh antigen in
human blood.
• . If this RhD antigen is present, the blood group is
RhD positive. If it's absent, the blood group is RhD
negative.
RHESUS MONKEYS

16. Blood Group Compatibility:
A person with AB+ blood type can receive blood from
blood type groups so called as universal recipient .
 people with O- blood type can only receive blood from
same blood type.
 People with o+ can donated blood to all other blood
universal donor.

20. CROSS-MATCHING
It is a test performed before a blood transfusion as part of blood
compatibility testing. Normally, this involves adding the recipient's blood
plasma to a sample of the donor's red blood cells.

21. Anti-human Globulin Reagent