This document summarizes an EY presentation on blockchain and identity and access management. It discusses how blockchain can transform IAM by facilitating a decentralized, trust-based model of identity verification and access management. Key benefits include improved user experience, regulatory compliance, risk reduction, and cost savings. The presentation provides examples of blockchain applications today and outlines how it could fit into the next generation of IAM architecture.
Overview of blockchain technology and architectureEY
The adoption of blockchain technology continues to accelerate across a wide array of industries, yet many of our clients are confused about how to deploy these solutions within their environment. EY has developed a blockchain stack that fits within the existing enterprise infrastructure, project and system development life cycle approaches that are customized to the new technology, and development frameworks to streamline our deployment.
The use cases for blockchain in healthcare will start in small projects that reduce duplicative work but can eventually shift to a system where patients control access rights to their data.
Cybersecurity aspects of blockchain and cryptocurrencyTony Martin-Vegue
Slides from Tony Martin-Vegue's presentation at PRMIA 2018 Risk Management and Regulatory Compliance Round Table in San Francisco, CA | April 11, 2018
"Cybersecurity Aspects of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency"
Abstract:
Many companies are considering blockchain technologies to make transactions faster, more secure and cost effective. If you are performing risk analysis on these emerging technologies, you ask be asking yourself: how do I even start to analyze risk when there are so many unknowns? A successful analysis requires a paradigm shift in thinking into two areas: casting aside the defense-in-depth metaphor to describe security controls; and, how we assess and analyze risk of new and emerging technologies that have a high degree of uncertainty.
This talk will cover how to reframe your assessments for emerging technologies, such as blockchain, and how risk quantification methodologies such as Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) can help answer some of these questions and produce a credible risk assessment.
Overview of blockchain technology and architectureEY
The adoption of blockchain technology continues to accelerate across a wide array of industries, yet many of our clients are confused about how to deploy these solutions within their environment. EY has developed a blockchain stack that fits within the existing enterprise infrastructure, project and system development life cycle approaches that are customized to the new technology, and development frameworks to streamline our deployment.
The use cases for blockchain in healthcare will start in small projects that reduce duplicative work but can eventually shift to a system where patients control access rights to their data.
Cybersecurity aspects of blockchain and cryptocurrencyTony Martin-Vegue
Slides from Tony Martin-Vegue's presentation at PRMIA 2018 Risk Management and Regulatory Compliance Round Table in San Francisco, CA | April 11, 2018
"Cybersecurity Aspects of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency"
Abstract:
Many companies are considering blockchain technologies to make transactions faster, more secure and cost effective. If you are performing risk analysis on these emerging technologies, you ask be asking yourself: how do I even start to analyze risk when there are so many unknowns? A successful analysis requires a paradigm shift in thinking into two areas: casting aside the defense-in-depth metaphor to describe security controls; and, how we assess and analyze risk of new and emerging technologies that have a high degree of uncertainty.
This talk will cover how to reframe your assessments for emerging technologies, such as blockchain, and how risk quantification methodologies such as Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) can help answer some of these questions and produce a credible risk assessment.
This Edureka Blockchain 101 Training will give you a complete fundamental understanding regrading Blockchain and Bitcoin. You will learn following topics:
1. What is Blockchain?
2. Blockchain concepts
3. Hyperledger
4. Blockchain Use Case
5. Blockchain in the Industry
6. Solidity programming
7. Demo: Smart Contracts
Apart from Proof of Work there are many other Consensus Mechanisms being discussed. What are they and what are their pros and cons. (Proof of Stake, Proof of Elapsed Time, Proof of Authority, Proof of Burn, Proof of Authority, Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Proof of Importance)
Blockchain in Banking, Business and BeyondMichael Novak
An introduction to Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and use cases in industries such as Digital Identification, eCommerce, Healthcare, Government, and Finance.
Smart contracts are the next version of automated contracts where the user won't have to rely on trust. Smart contracts are automated algorithmic digital forms of contracts where parties can exchange assets without any intermediaries based on specified rules. Here, the program within the smart contract will self-execute based on the conditions previously defined by the parties.
There are certain benefits to using smart contracts such as autonomous, secured, interruption-free, trustless, cost-effective, fast performance, and accurate and error-free. But here, we will analyze the examples of smart contracts, such as how it can be useful in digital identity, supply chain management, insurance, etc.
To help you understand how smart contracts work or how you can utilize this new form of technology for your personal gain, or company 101 Blockchains offers an array of courses. You can use these courses to learn more about smart contracts and its role in various sectors.
Learn more about smart contracts from here ->
Ethereum Development Fundamentals course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/ethereum-development-fundamentals
The Complete Ethereum Technology Course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/ethereum-technology-course
Learn more about the certification courses from here ->
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Professional (CEBP) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/blockchain-expert-certification
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Architect (CEBA) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-enterprise-blockchain-architect
Certified Blockchain Security Expert (CBSE) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-blockchain-security-expert
Learn more from our guide ->
https://101blockchains.com/smart-contracts/
https://101blockchains.com/ethereum-smart-contracts/
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-smart-contract-examples/
https://101blockchains.com/smart-contract-use-cases/
https://101blockchains.com/what-is-a-smart-contract/
Blockchain explained short and simple. Blockchain is now a buzzy word to get more information about blockchain you can read. how blockchain works what is terminology blockchain is explained very well.
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
Slides for our first meet up about cryptocurrencies, solidity and smart contracts.
Repository for the code is available here -> https://github.com/thdaraujo/meetup-01-smart-contracts
Blockchain for Medical Records: Blockchain for your medicinal and health records can be a smart choice in any means. It can be said like -An applied cloud-based eco-system
Voici venu le temps des villes intelligentes.
En pleine mutation démographique, économique, environnementale, sociale et technologique, leur transformation est imminente. Smart cities, villes connectées, villes durables, numériques ou encore créatives, faut-il croire au futur prometteur de nos villes ?
Pour revenir sur les enjeux de la ville de demain, sur les usages qui la feront vivre et sur les habitants qui s’y déplaceront, Maddyness a rencontré plusieurs experts et réalisé une étude sur le sujet dans le cadre du MaddyTalk sur la ville qui a eu lieu ce mercredi 12 octobre 2016 à la Gaité Lyrique. Vous y trouverez :
#Des chiffres clés
#Des témoignages d'experts
#Des interviews d'entrepreneurs
#Des références de startups
#Des prédictions pour 2020
Bonne lecture,
This Edureka Blockchain 101 Training will give you a complete fundamental understanding regrading Blockchain and Bitcoin. You will learn following topics:
1. What is Blockchain?
2. Blockchain concepts
3. Hyperledger
4. Blockchain Use Case
5. Blockchain in the Industry
6. Solidity programming
7. Demo: Smart Contracts
Apart from Proof of Work there are many other Consensus Mechanisms being discussed. What are they and what are their pros and cons. (Proof of Stake, Proof of Elapsed Time, Proof of Authority, Proof of Burn, Proof of Authority, Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Proof of Importance)
Blockchain in Banking, Business and BeyondMichael Novak
An introduction to Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and use cases in industries such as Digital Identification, eCommerce, Healthcare, Government, and Finance.
Smart contracts are the next version of automated contracts where the user won't have to rely on trust. Smart contracts are automated algorithmic digital forms of contracts where parties can exchange assets without any intermediaries based on specified rules. Here, the program within the smart contract will self-execute based on the conditions previously defined by the parties.
There are certain benefits to using smart contracts such as autonomous, secured, interruption-free, trustless, cost-effective, fast performance, and accurate and error-free. But here, we will analyze the examples of smart contracts, such as how it can be useful in digital identity, supply chain management, insurance, etc.
To help you understand how smart contracts work or how you can utilize this new form of technology for your personal gain, or company 101 Blockchains offers an array of courses. You can use these courses to learn more about smart contracts and its role in various sectors.
Learn more about smart contracts from here ->
Ethereum Development Fundamentals course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/ethereum-development-fundamentals
The Complete Ethereum Technology Course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/ethereum-technology-course
Learn more about the certification courses from here ->
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Professional (CEBP) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/blockchain-expert-certification
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Architect (CEBA) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-enterprise-blockchain-architect
Certified Blockchain Security Expert (CBSE) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-blockchain-security-expert
Learn more from our guide ->
https://101blockchains.com/smart-contracts/
https://101blockchains.com/ethereum-smart-contracts/
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-smart-contract-examples/
https://101blockchains.com/smart-contract-use-cases/
https://101blockchains.com/what-is-a-smart-contract/
Blockchain explained short and simple. Blockchain is now a buzzy word to get more information about blockchain you can read. how blockchain works what is terminology blockchain is explained very well.
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
Slides for our first meet up about cryptocurrencies, solidity and smart contracts.
Repository for the code is available here -> https://github.com/thdaraujo/meetup-01-smart-contracts
Blockchain for Medical Records: Blockchain for your medicinal and health records can be a smart choice in any means. It can be said like -An applied cloud-based eco-system
Voici venu le temps des villes intelligentes.
En pleine mutation démographique, économique, environnementale, sociale et technologique, leur transformation est imminente. Smart cities, villes connectées, villes durables, numériques ou encore créatives, faut-il croire au futur prometteur de nos villes ?
Pour revenir sur les enjeux de la ville de demain, sur les usages qui la feront vivre et sur les habitants qui s’y déplaceront, Maddyness a rencontré plusieurs experts et réalisé une étude sur le sujet dans le cadre du MaddyTalk sur la ville qui a eu lieu ce mercredi 12 octobre 2016 à la Gaité Lyrique. Vous y trouverez :
#Des chiffres clés
#Des témoignages d'experts
#Des interviews d'entrepreneurs
#Des références de startups
#Des prédictions pour 2020
Bonne lecture,
Deutsche fast viereinhalb Stunden täglich onlineEY
Die Onlinenutzung in Deutschland geht einer neuen EY-Studie zufolge stark auseinander: 21- bis 30-Jährige surfen durchschnittlich knapp sieben Stunden pro Tag im Netz. Mit 61 Jahren oder älter beträgt die Onlinezeit dagegen nur noch 2,3 Stunden täglich. Lesen Sie hier, wie unterschiedlich Männer und Frauen, Städter und Landbewohner oder Nutzer mit einem hohen und niedrigen Einkommen online gehen.
Dossier de presse espace innovation medef 2017Adm Medef
« Défense et sécurité : innover pour protéger »
Espace innovation de l’Université d’été du Medef
mardi 29 (à partir de 13h45) et mercredi 30 août à HEC à Jouy-en-Josas
L’Espace Innovation, au cœur de l’Université d’été du MEDEF les mardi 29 et mercredi 30 août sur le campus d’HEC, est dédié à la promotion de l’innovation comme facteur essentiel de croissance et de compétitivité des entreprises. Pour sa 9e édition, l’Espace Innovation mettra à l’honneur les filières de la défense et de la sécurité – filières en pleine expansion et implantées dans la quasi- totalité des régions françaises.
Véritable exposition sur le progrès technique dans le domaine de la défense et la sécurité, il réunira des acteurs de secteurs variés et de toutes tailles dont les innovations peuvent contribuer à conforter notre leadership et développer un potentiel de croissance et d'emplois insuffisamment exploité : BSecure (cybersécurité), EDEN (premier groupement français de PME de Défense, Sécurité et Sûreté), la Gendarmerie nationale, le ministère des Armées, Renault Trucks Défense, Sirehna (filiale de Naval Group spécialisée dans le domaine de l’intelligence artificielle), SquareWay (filiale de Vivaction dédiée à la cybersécurité)…
Business & Decision - Big Data : Retours d'expériences concrets - Congrès Big...Business & Decision
Business & Decision - "Big Data : Retours d'expériences concrets", atelier animé par Mick Lévy, Directeur Innovation Business de Business & Decision, au Congrès Big Data Paris 2016.
Deutschen Autoherstellern geht es dank China gutEY
Der Pkw-Absatz von Daimler, BMW und Volkswagen in China wuchs im vergangenen Jahr um 13 Prozent. Auf anderen Märkten fiel das Wachstum deutlich geringer aus. Lesen Sie hier, wie abhängig die deutschen Hersteller mittlerweile von China sind.
Bpifrance capital invest 2016 : La mobilisation des LPs - Tendances actuellesBpifrance
Retrouvez la présentation de Florent Debienne (Directeur de pôle Fonde de Capital Innovation Bpifrance) et Jean-René Jégou (Directeur du pôle Fonds régionaux, Bpifrance) lors de l'événement Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016, qui s'est déroulé le 17 novembre 2016 à Paris (Salle Wagram).
Retrouvez l'intégralité de cet événement en vidéo sur :
http://live.bpifrance.fr/Bpifrance-Capital-Invest-2016
Le nouvel acte uniforme relatif au droit comptable et à l'information financièreEY
Présentation effectuée le 1er juin à la Maison du Barreau par Isabelle Tracq-Sengeissen, associée EY et Salim Orou-Yérima, senior manager EY pour le département Afrique
Baromètre EY / France Digitale 2017 - La performance économique et sociale de...EY
La 6e édition du baromètre annuel, réalisé en partenariat avec France Digitale, analyse la performance économique et sociale des start-up numériques en France financées par des business angels, capital-risqueurs, IPO et follow-ons, etc.
Plus d'informations sur : www.ey.com/FR/FranceDigitale
Formation innovation - Innover dans son business modelNovUp
POURQUOI CETTE FORMATION ?
Au travers de cette formation de 2 jours, découvrez les outils pour définir, comprendre, concevoir et communiquer un modèle économique (Business Model) performant.
Qu’il s’agisse de la création d’une activité, d’une entreprise, d’un produit ou d’un projet innovant, les méthodes, outils et techniques que vous apprendrez vous permettront de mener à bien votre projet.
Prise en charge possible : Novup est organisme de formation n°5244079544.
OBJECTIFS PÉDAGOGIQUES
Comprendre, définir et communiquer un Business Model,
Définir la façon dont vous captez, créez et délivrez de la valeur,
Identifier les axes d’amélioration de votre modèle économique,
Réaliser un interview client,
Représenter son offre et la communiquer pour convaincre.
INFORMATIONS PRATIQUES
Durée : 2 jours (14 heures).
Horaires : accueil à 9h15, formation de 9h30 à 17h30 (pause déjeuner de 1h).
Dates et lieux : veuillez consulter notre site web sur www.novup.fr/formation/
Tarif : 1290 € HT en inter (intra : nous consulter).
Public concerné : tous publics.
Prérequis : une expérience de gestion ou de participation à un projet serait un plus.
Toutes nos formations sont assurées à partir de 4 stagiaires (et limitée à 12 participants).
Nach dem Rekordjahr 2016 sinkt das M&A-Volumen chinesischer Unternehmen im 1. Halbjahr in Deutschland im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum von 10,5 Milliarden auf 6,5 Milliarden US-Dollar. Lesen Sie hier, warum das Volumen zurückging und warum dies nur die Ruhe vor dem Sturm sein könnte.
Bpifrance le Lab - PME - 64e enquête de conjoncture - Janvier 2017Bpifrance
Depuis 32 ans, Bpifrance réalise une enquête semestrielle de conjoncture à partir d'un échantillon de plusieurs milliers de PME installées en France. Les principaux paramètres économiques et financiers – activité, emploi, situation financière, investissement et financement – sont analysés avec une distinction PME innovantes et/ou internationalisées. Découvrez aujourd’hui les résultats de la 64 e enquête de conjoncture PME.
Mittelgroße Städte schneiden in unserer Auswertung zur Wirtschaftlichkeit von Hotels ähnlich ab wie große Metropolen. So hat Heidelberg nach München die höchsten Zimmerraten. Bei der Auslastung glänzt ebenfalls eine kleinere Stadt: Rostock liegt über Köln, Düsseldorf und Frankfurt.
Deutsche Kommunen drehen an der Steuerschraube
Wohnen und Wirtschaften wird in Deutschland immer teurer: Allein im ersten Halbjahr 2016 haben 14 Prozent der Kommunen die Grundsteuer heraufgesetzt, bei 12 Prozent stieg die Gewerbesteuer. Lesen Sie, warum so viele Kommunen die Steuern heraufsetzen und was die Folgen sind.
2018 has been a roller-coaster ride for blockchain technology mostly at the hands of cryptocurrencies – blockchain’s main beneficiary. Extreme price volatility, unsuccessful ICOs, fraud, cyber security issues, and negative press around cryptocurrency would have all but killed most emerging technologies. But not blockchain.
Blockchain is entering into a new evolutionary phase with the help of tech giants like IBM, Amazon and Google who recognize the wider applicability of blockchain as a game changer in data storage, commerce, and security. Even cryptocurrency is showing promising signs as it moves out of the domain of overnight Bitcoin millionaires (and more who have lost fortunes when speculating on cryptocurrencies) to risk averse financial heavyweights such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan. Like the Internet, e-commerce, social media, and cloud computing before it, blockchain is on a fast track to become a ubiquitous technology.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Financial Services: exchanges, settlements, payments and embedded financeEY
Blockchain technology has been a transformational technology in the world of finance, and financial institutions have been investing and experimenting heavily. Learn what has been effective, how to move from a technology-first approach to focusing on business solutions and what future products the technology enables that will change the shape of finance.
School of Computer & Information SciencesITS-532 Cloud C.docxjeffsrosalyn
School of Computer & Information Sciences
ITS-532 Cloud Computing
Chapter 5 – Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
Content from:
Primary Textbook: Jamsa, K. A. (2013). Cloud computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, virtualization, business models, mobile, security and more. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Secondary Textbook: Erl, T., Mahmood, Z., & Puttini, R. (2014). Cloud computing: concepts, technology, & architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
1
Learning Objectives
Describe challenges related to ID management.
Describe and discuss single sign-on (SSO) capabilities.
List the advantages of IDaaS solutions.
Discuss IDaaS solutions offered by various companies.
IDaaS Defined
Identity (or identification) as a service (IDaaS)—Cloud-based approaches to managing user identities, including usernames, passwords, and access. Also sometimes referred to as “identity management as a service.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Identity and Access Management includes the components and policies necessary to control user identify and access privileges.
Authentication
Username/Password, digital signatures, digital certificates, biometrics
Authorization
Granular controls for mapping identities and rights
User Management
Creation and administration of new user identities, groups, passwords, and policies
Credential Management
Establishes identities and access control rules for user accounts
4
(Erl, 2014)
Single Sign-On (SSO)
Single sign-on (SSO)—PA process that allows a user to log into a central authority and then access other sites and services for which he or she has credentials.
Advantages of SSO
Fewer username and password combinations for users to remember and manage
Less password fatigue caused by the stress of managing multiple passwords
Less user time consumed by having to log in to individual systems
Fewer calls to help desks for forgotten passwords
A centralized location for IT staff to manage password compliance and reporting
Disadvantages of SSO
The primary disadvantage of SSO systems is the potential for a single source of failure. If the authentication server fails, users will not be able to log in to other servers.
Thus, having a cloud-based authentication server with system redundancy reduces the risk of system unavailability.
How Single Sign On Works
The single sign on mechanism enables one cloud service consumer to be authenticated by a security broker. Once established, the security context is persistent when the consumer accesses other cloud based IT resources.
8
(Erl, 2014)
Figure 10.9 - A cloud consumer provides the security broker with login credentials (1). The security broker response with an authentication token (message with small lock symbol) upon successful authentication, which contains cloud service consumer identify information (2) that is used to automatically authenticate the cloud service consumer across Cloud Services A, B, and C (3).
Federated ID Management
FIDM desc.
Detecting Opportunities and Threats with Complex Event Processing: Case St...Tim Bass
Detecting Opportunities and Threats with Complex Event Processing: Case Studies in Predictive Customer Interaction Management and Fraud Detection, February 27, 2007 FINAL DRAFT 2, 8th Annual Japan\'s International Banking & Securities System Forum, Tim Bass, CISSP, Principal Global Architect, Director
IDENTITY PLATFORMS: How central, flexible, deployment of multiple authenticat...Entrust Datacard
Identity and authentication management, or IAM, represents the greatest security return on investment an organization can make. Former National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism for the United States, Richard Clarke, once famously said, "If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then you will be hacked." Many analysts concur that spending on strong authentication provides the greatest security return on investment. This educational white paper, written by Richard Stiennon, Chief Research Analyst at IT-Harvest and Executive Editor of securitycurrent, explores the concept of identity platforms.
• How to fix intrinsic weaknesses in authentication regimes that result in gaping and trivially exploitable vulnerabilities
• Explore the core features of an authentication and identity platform
• Examine specific features and components organizations should require in a software authentication platform
Today, with the advancement of technology, the number of devices, applications,
and users is also growing. It is critical to have a solid Identity and Access
Management (IAM) solution to manage these digital identities and limit the risk of
connections. SailPoint is a pioneer in the field. Therefore, the demand for experts
knowledgeable in secure Identity and Access Management (IAM) technologies such
as SailPoint has surged. Many reputable firms provide fantastic opportunities for
these professionals with a variety of packages
This presentation announces the IBM Web Access Management Co-Sell arrangement with SecurIT’s TrustBuilder product. TrustBuilder complements IBM’s Web Access Management offerings with User Authentication, Adaptive Access Control and Transaction Validation.
Similar to Blockchain: the trust fabric for next generation digital identity management (20)
The theme for this quarter is momentum meets uncertainty. The upward trend in crude oil, natural gas, LNG and refined product prices that began in Q1 continued into Q2. Crude oil markets began the quarter just below $100/bbl and have closed below that level on only two days since late April. As we begin Q3, there are increasing concerns about the health of the global economy and how that might affect oil and gas demand.
Quarterly analyst themes of oil and gas earnings, Q1 2022EY
Financial questions continued to attract the most attention of the analyst community, with major focus on how companies will respond to the war in Ukraine, elevated commodity prices and improved cash flows. Strategic questions focused on how the changing geopolitical environment will affect capital allocation in the short and long term. Operationally, all eyes were on the capacity of companies to step up asset utilization and bring new projects to market quickly. Explore the latest EY quarterly analysts themes.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2 | April 2022EY
The theme for this quarter is rearrangement. The loss, or potential loss, of Russian oil and gas supplies is forcing producers, refiners and traders to rethink the flow of crude oil and refined products from the wellhead to the gas pump in light of sanctions, potential sanctions and the risk of reputational damage. Countries, companies and consumers will all be searching for ways to adapt, and the outcome of the race to bring alternatives to market could alter the global energy landscape for years to come.
It is likely crude oil and LNG prices will remain elevated for some time. The process of diverting Russian oil through countries unwilling to sanction it will take time and there is little indication OPEC members are willing (or able) to increase production to make up for the loss of Russian crude. Spare capacity sat at 3.7 mbpd at the end of 2021, just above where it was in January 2020. Currently, sanctioned Venezuelan and Iranian production (about 3 mbpd below their peak) could fill the gap, but political and commercial obstacles remain. At today’s prices, US shale production is attractive, but the fastest the industry has been able to grow is between 1mbpd and 2mbpd per year. The LNG infrastructure was already stretched before the war in Ukraine and there is little prosect of finding new supplies soon.
As the largest buyer of Russian energy, Europe will be the epicenter. There is a deeply embedded bias there in favor for renewable energy, and the current crisis is certain to result in an all-out effort to accelerate the build-out of wind and solar power. The capacity to add new green energy is limited though by the project pipeline and supply chains for solar panels and wind turbines, and it is likely that much of the shortfall will be made up with the new LNG infrastructure.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
As the last quarter of the second pandemic year draws to a close, we continue to see heightened contrast
between the medical and economic points of view. While COVID-19 cases are close to their all-time highs, so
are equity prices, and a leading investment bank declared (on 2 December, 2021 after the Omicron outbreak in South Africa) that it was “optimistic about the possibility of a vibrant 2022.” When news of the variant hit in
late November, the markets were rocked by the prospect of yet another round of local mobility restrictions and
an interrupted return to normal international travel patterns, on top of the Biden Administration’s announced
release of 50 million barrels of crude from the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve. So far though, with OPEC
standing by its planned gradual return to normal production, oil prices have stabilized, albeit below where they
were in mid-November. Henry Hub prices, always at the mercy of the weather, responded predictably to a
warmer-than-normal early winter in the US, falling from US$6.60/MMBtu in early October to below
US$4.00/MMBtu by mid-December. In Europe and Asia, following a short reprieve at the start of the quarter,
piped natural gas prices have spiked again on concerns triggered by Russian troop buildups on the Ukraine
border and uncertainties surrounding the Nordstream 2 pipeline. Looking forward, OPEC and the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) in their last forecasts of the year both projected that 2022 oil demand would
be above what we saw in 2019. Although time will tell if those forecasts are realized and other events could
intervene, the response to new virus outbreaks is well-practiced and the trade-off between public health and
economic reality has tipped toward a cautiously optimistic view.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2 April 2021EY
The theme for this quarter is governed. Apparent market balance at prices that could be sustainable is the product of calculated choices by market leaders and the cooperation of those who follow them. Economics played their customary role as well, with capital scarcity in North America taking about 2 million barrels per day out of the market, about half of the remaining gap in demand. While inventories are close to their pre-COVID-19 levels, there is still uncertainty. The resolution of the pandemic is in sight, but timing is unclear. Vaccine distribution in the US is having an impact but Europe is struggling to contain a third wave of infections. The taps have opened on economic stimulus, but it remains to be seen if policymakers have done enough or if they have overshot the mark.
The shape of the crude oil forward curve has fundamentally changed since the end of the last quarter. In late December of last year, the Brent forward curve was gradually increasing while today, the curve is backwardated. This is a clear sign that the market sees a short-term dynamic that is disconnected from the medium-to-long-term fundamentals. The lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains to be seen. While many have opined that COVID-19 marks a turning point in energy transition, the IEA recently released a five-year forecast of oil demand that shows steady growth, albeit at rates that are below historical expectations.
Gas markets are a paradox. At the Henry Hub and at LNG destinations, demand grows, investment lags and prices will occasionally attract attention. Traders, so far though, are unconvinced and futures prices don’t indicate imminent scarcity at any link in the value chain.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
We enter 2021 on a note of cautious optimism for global health, the world economy, and the oil and gas markets. The first weeks of December brought approval in the US and the UK of the first of several COVID-19 vaccines. The speed with which vaccine development occurred is unprecedented, but certainly welcome. In the weeks following the early November announcement of 90+% effectiveness by the manufacturer of the first approved vaccine, the price of WTI crude oil increased by US$10/bbl to US$48/bbl, the highest level since early March. Sustainability hasn’t returned yet, and whatever time it takes to get the world to normal, it will take even longer for normalization within the oil and gas markets. Inventories remain at historically high levels and, optimistically, it will take until April before inventory returns to levels observed in the preceding five years. That’s an estimate, and there has obviously been some difficulty properly calibrating the expectations of how balance will return and how long it will take. In late November, OPEC met to adjust its output plans because of the anemic rebound in demand. In mid-December, the IEA lowered its demand forecast for 2021 due mostly to continued sluggishness in aviation fuel demand.
A mild winter has interrupted a recovery in North American natural gas prices after a run-up motivated by curtailed capital expenditures, upstream activity and production. After an initial meltdown, with cargo cancellations and dramatic price reversal, LNG markets have made a remarkable comeback, and the spread between Asia and Henry Hub has reached a level we haven’t seen in almost three years. It may be the case that interruption in FIDs has brought us to the cusp of a balance that can support reliable returns.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY
Oil and gas prices have recovered steadily from their lows and are relatively stable, but that stability is supported by the combination of purposeful withholding of production by oil-producing countries and economic stress on upstream independents. Oil prices closed the quarter roughly where they started it, while refining spreads were down slightly. LNG spreads were substantially higher at the end of Q3 than they were at the beginning of the quarter but are still roughly half of what is generally thought of as sustainable.
Going forward, the market will be looking closely at how the economy and demand respond to new developments with respect to a potential COVID-19 vaccine and the US election.
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
As we close the second quarter of 2020, in most of Europe and Asia, the first (and hopefully last) wave of the COVID-19 crisis appears to be abating. In the parts of the US where the virus hit early, the profile has largely matched Europe’s, while in other parts, the urge to reopen businesses has trumped the desire to contain the virus and uncertainty looms. In the developing world, the crisis has just begun, but without the economic headroom and resources necessary to contain it. As the crisis unfolded, the effect on oil and gas demand has been predictable but difficult to gauge precisely and therefore difficult to manage.
Oil prices have crept up steadily as production has been curtailed through coordinated action (OPEC+) and because of economic reality (unconventional oil in North America). That trend has been subject to momentary spasms when bad news hit the market. It would be understandable if traders were nervous, and it seems that they are. Although nowhere near where it was at the peak of the crisis, option implied volatility is still at historically high levels. Gas markets, without the benefit of coordination on the supply side, continue to deal with the market implications of storage at or near capacity. Interfuel competition in power generation has always provided something of a floor, but those lows have been, and will continue to be, tested.
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2. Page 1 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Blockchain
The trust fabric for next-generation digital identity management
3. Page 2 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Identity and access management (IAM) overview
IAM client needs
► Cloud access governance
► Certification
► Automated provisioning
► Access request
► Role and rule management
► Password self-service
► Entitlement data
► Segregation of duties (SOD)
► Manual access administration
► Centralized user profile repository
► Elevated user repository
► Enterprise identity directory
► Utility directory service
► Identity data synchronization
► Access data warehouse
► Identity analytics and intelligence
► Customer identity registration and
proofing
► Third-party access
Human resources (HR) processes
Hiring
Onboard
Termination
Mobility
Nonemployee
processes
Other processes
Internet of Things
Customer portals
Mobile apps
Contingent
workers
Business
partners
and vendors
Employees
Customers Devices
► Central authentication and single sign-on
(enterprise/web)
► Privileged access management (PAM)
► Remote access
► Federation (cloud authentication)
► Device authentication
► Mobile authentication
► Database, network and operating system
management
► Strong authentication and public key
infrastructure (PKI)
► Location-aware authentication (risk-based
access management)
Access enforcement
Identity data services
Access administration
4. Page 3 EY Global Blockchain Summit
IAM terminology
Term Definition
Identity
administration
Identity administration is the process of handling access requests and approvals to grant and remove users’
access to applications and other resources available in an enterprise environment (including cloud apps, Internet
of Things).
Identity governance Over time, users may accumulate entitlements that are no longer needed or appropriate for their job function.
Identity governance is a process by which appropriate business stakeholders, such as users’ managers or
application owners, can periodically review entitlements and identify those that should be removed.
Authentication
(AuthN)
Authentication is the process or action of verifying the identity of a user before granting access to an
application or other resource within an enterprise environment. An analogy is the process of allowing a passenger
onto a plane.
Authorization (AuthZ) AuthZ is the process of granting a user permission to do or have something (e.g., entitlements to certain
screens within an application) based on attributes (e.g., HR job title, location) or the role (e.g., job function, peer
group) of a user. An analogy is telling the passenger in which seat (e.g., first class, business, economy plus or
economy) on a plane to sit.
Application
onboarding
This is the process of subscribing an application or other network resource onto one or more of the above
services, whether through automated, semiautomated (e.g., robotics process automation) or manual (e.g.,
workflow systems) fulfillment methods.
5. Page 4 EY Global Blockchain Summit
What are some common IAM pain points we are hearing
from our clients?
Want a platform that can cater
to Internet of Things,
customers, third parties and
the workforce
Don’t want to manage and
store customer identities
anymore
Would like third-party and
business partner onboarding
to be seamless
PKI too costly to set up
and manage
Need an efficient way to
provide identity proofing
(customers and third parties)
Would like to use social media
(e.g., Facebook, Google+) as
primary form of customer
identity access management
6. Page 5 EY Global Blockchain Summit
What is a blockchain?
Shared ledger immutable database transferring data securelyand for
A shared book or
collection of entries in
which transactions
are recorded
A collection of
information organized
so it easily can be
accessed, managed
and updated, and
practically impossible
to change
Information that has
been translated into a
form more convenient
to move or process
(e.g., bits)
Preventing
unauthorized access,
use, disclosure,
disruption,
modification,
inspection, recording
or destruction of
information
7. Page 6 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Where does blockchain fit?
Physical Fiber-optic cables, servers, hardware security modules, computers and other hardware
Network Communication between components at the physical level (to communicate, servers and
computers must agree on similar protocol
Applications End-user programs that rely on database to store identity information or a directory to provide
identity information.
Business processes Activities that leverage multiple applications to accomplish a particular goal. EY is leveraging
robotics to automate this layer.
Blockchain
Shared ledger and forimmutable database recording/transferring data securely
8. Page 7 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Example applications of blockchain today
► Bitcoin
► Know your customer (KYC)
► Insurance:
► Underwriting
► Processing claims
► Government:
► Public notary
► Electronic health records
9. Page 8 EY Global Blockchain Summit
How blockchain is transforming IAM
Evolution of enforcement models (AuthN)
Ownership
Efficiency
Mainframe
(direct AuthN)
Databases Directory
services
Single
sign-on
Federation Identity as a
service
(IdaaS)
Trust-based
network
Next 18–24 months
“What others know”“What you know, what you have”
10. Page 9 EY Global Blockchain Summit
How blockchain is transforming IAM
Evolution of enforcement models (AuthZ)
Ownership
Efficiency
Mainframe Databases Directory
services
Role based Attribute
based
Risk based Trust-based
network
Next 18–24 months
11. Page 10 EY Global Blockchain Summit
How blockchain identity works (in a nutshell)
Blockchain attributes: immutable, verifiable, auditable and resilient to attack
2020 and beyond
Identity services are provided by peers in the
network and the trust fabric (self-policing and
enforcement).
Centralized provider needs to provide
identity services.
Identities are
centrally managed
and administered
(whether in the
cloud or on the
premises).
Today
&
Each node within the
blockchain has a
copy of the identity
ledger.
12. Page 11 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Business benefits of blockchain-based IAM
Top five
business
drivers
Risk
reduction
Regulatory
compliance
User
experience
Operational
effectiveness
and
efficiency
Cost
containment
► Fewer passwords to remember
► Improved digital experience through unified
identity experience and improved app store
ratings
► Interoperability with Internet of Connected
Things
► Improve service-level agreements related
to user onboarding (days instead of months)
for third-party access
► Utilize payment networks to establish
identities
► Fault tolerance and elastic scaling because
each node in the blockchain can consume the
self-contained assertion
► Reduced time and effort to manage access
rights by reducing the need for centrally
managed identity governance and
administration solutions.
► Reduced need to maintain identities in
a directory or identity data warehouse
► Improved AuthN and AuthZ mechanism
(“what you have and are” + “what others know”)
► Trust score of identity ledger increases with quantity and
quality (e.g., credit bureaus, trusted authorities) of peers on
blockchain
► Improved auditability of identities due
to distributed, open nature of identity
ledgers
13. Page 12 EY Global Blockchain Summit
What blockchain is not
► Something that can be viable without a big enough ecosystem
► Not mature enough where it applies to every sector
► Revolutionize business and redefine companies immediately
► Something that is plug and play
► Application and blockchain layer needs to be bridged
► Smart contract logic need to be defined
► Nascent vendor ecosystem
► Nascent talent pool
14. Page 13 EY Global Blockchain Summit
How blockchain fits into the next-generation IAM reference
architecture
Identity analytics
Operational reporting
Identity governance
and administration
Enterprise
applications
Access management
system (authentication)
Mainframe
Lightweight
directory access
protocol
Databases (Java database
connectivity/open database
connectivity)Flat file
Attributes-based access control
(fine-grained authorization)
PAM
Ticketing systemApplication
Identity
EntitlementRoles
Risk
Ownership
Internet of Things
Digital applications
15. Page 14 EY Global Blockchain Summit
How blockchain fits into the next-generation IAM reference
architecture
Identity analytics
Operational reporting
Identity governance
and administration
Enterprise
applications
Access management
system (authentication)
Mainframe
Lightweight
directory access
protocol
Databases (Java database
connectivity/open database
connectivity)Flat file
Attributes based access control
(fine-grained authorization)
PAM
Ticketing systemApplication
Identity
EntitlementRoles
Risk
Ownership
Internet of Things
Digital applications
Blockchain
network
16. Page 15 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Why now? The adoption of blockchain is growing
Est. US$16.9b in
bitcoin in
circulation today
“CryptoCurrency Market Capitalizations,” www.coinmarketcap.com, CoinMarketCap
17. Page 16 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Cyber and blockchain service offerings
EY cyber service offering Description
Strategy Blockchain identity strategy and road map definition
► Third-party access
► Digital consumer identities:
► KYC strategy
► Bitcoin strategy
► Internet of Connected Things
► Technology selection
► Private vs. public blockchains
► Proof of concepts
Implementation and
transformation
► Identity ledger and smart contract definition
► Third-party access and digital customer architecture build-out:
► Day one identity proofing
► Ongoing monitoring
Managed services ► Operate blockchain as a service
► Provide clients a private blockchain for running smart contracts
► Leverage Microsoft alliance to host on Azure
18. Page 17 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Contacts
David Chan
Senior Manager, Program Lead
Ernst & Young LLP
Mobile: +1 714 422 7092
david.chan@ey.com
Sam Tang
Executive Director, Program Sponsor
Ernst & Young LLP
Mobile: +1 917 582 4872
sam.tang@ey.com
19. Page 18 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Appendix A
Case study
20. Page 19 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Blockchain-based authorization case study
► Auto finance customer registration
► Verify user via account, Social Security number or date of birth
► Bank linking is optional portion of registration flow
► Additional user information captured, such as mobile number and social
media (e.g., Twitter, LinkedIn) handles
► Design a data exchange architecture for identity proofing
21. Page 20 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Trust-based authorization case study
Auto finance customer registration (day one)
Authorization transactions
and events
► Authorize new user (create guest
profile within Virtual Directory
Service at 80% trust)
► Allow customer access to sensitive
transactions (e.g., fund transfers)
at 90%
Email address is verified
► Identity proofing
Ledger – 10% trust
Data
exchange
service
Social Security number
verification
Ledger – 30% trust
Date of birth verification –
Equifax, Experian
Ledger – 10% trust
Domestic phone and
Short Message Service
verification
Ledger – 10% trust
Trusted bank account
linking
Ledger – 10% trust
Aggregation of ledgers through
virtual directory
Blockchain network
Public Identity Data
Providers – Google,
Facebook, Yahoo!
Ledger – 10% trust
22. Page 21 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Trust-based authorization case study
Auto finance customer (post day one)
Authorization transactions and events
► Send to “at-risk list” for special
processing when ledgers <60%
► Disable user (when ledgers drop
below 30% trust)
Data
exchange
service
Periodic verification of
bank account linking
Ledger – 30% trust
Blockchain network
Aggregation of ledgers through
virtual directory
Ongoing monitoring of
credit score – Equifax,
Experian
Ledger – 50% trust
Ongoing monitoring of
Identity Data Providers –
Google, Facebook,
Yahoo!
Ledger – 20% trust
23. Page 22 EY Global Blockchain Summit
Evolution of authorization models
Summary
Model Characteristics
Centralized admin:
mainframe, database,
LDAP
► Applications and menus are tied to data sets, tables, access control lists
► Prone for “proliferation”
► Administratively assigned
Logical groupings of
access – roles and rules
► Movement toward centralization of data
► Entitlements are represented as “groups” and “group memberships”
► Prone to proliferation of groups
Advanced and risk
based
► Movement toward dynamic assignment of access
► Extends the richness of rule sets by allowing the inclusion of “actual use and behavior” data
► Allows for run-time enforcement
Trust based ► Decentralized ledgers that control the trust of any given block or transaction instead of applying ownership
to the model
► Relies on peers within the blockchain network to proof identities and control access to resources
► A true immutable information repository and service