The document provides an overview of blockchain technology, explaining its structure, key properties like decentralization, transparency, and immutability, as well as how it functions within a peer-to-peer network. It contrasts traditional centralized systems with decentralized blockchain networks and discusses various applications across different sectors such as finance, healthcare, and real estate. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of both private and public blockchains and addresses the methods of maintaining and validating the blockchain.

1. BLOCKCHAIN
Pawan Ghewande
Presented by

2. Contents
Introduction
What it is?
How it works?
Advantages
Applications

3. Introduction
What is Blockchain?
A blockchain, originally block chain, is a growing list of records, called
blocks, that are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a
cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction
data.

4. Block 1 Block 2 Block 3

5. Looking inside a Block
{
previous_hash: P185A27W041A10N,
Data:.....,
hash:A185K27S04H58A10Y
timestamp:20/sep/2019:15:45:02
}

6. The Three Pillars of Blockchain Technology
The three main properties of Blockchain Technology
which has helped it gain widespread acclaim are as
follows:
● Decentralization
● Transparency
● Immutability

7. Decentralization
What is centralize?
Before Bitcoin and BitTorrent came along, we were more used to
centralized services. The idea is very simple. You have a centralized
entity which stored all the data and you’d have to interact solely with this
entity to get whatever information you required.
Another example of a centralized system is banks. They store all your
money, and the only way that you can pay someone is by going through
the bank.
The traditional client-server model is a perfect example of this.

8. Decentralization
What is problem with centralize?
Firstly, because they are centralized, all the data is stored in one
spot. This makes them easy target spots for potential hackers.
If the centralized system were to go through a software upgrade, it
would halt the entire system
What if the centralized entity somehow shut down for whatever
reason? That way nobody will be able to access the information that
it possesses

9. Transparency
One of the most interesting and misunderstood concepts in blockchain
technology is “transparency.” Some people say that blockchain gives
you privacy while some say that it is transparent. Why do you think that
happens?

10. Immutability
Immutability, in the context of the blockchain, means that once
something has been entered into the blockchain, it cannot be tampered
with.
Can you imagine how valuable this will be for financial institutes?
The reason why the blockchain gets this property is that of
cryptographic hash function.

11. Hash Functions?

12. Maintaining the Blockchain
The blockchain is maintained by a peer-to-peer network. The network is
a collection of nodes which are interconnected to one another. Nodes
are individual computers which take in input and performs a function on
them and gives an output.
The blockchain uses a special kind of network called “peer-to-peer
network” which partitions its entire workload between participants, who
are all equally privileged, called “peers”. There is no longer one central
server, now there are several distributed and decentralized peers.

13. Private Blockchain
Own by private organization. Available for those for who needed.
Advantages
Enterprise Permissioned
Faster Transactions
Better Scalability
Consensus More Efficient (less nodes)

14. Public Blockchain
Available for everyone. Just like bitcoin.
No one has control over a network.
Shared in public anyone can join free.

15. Validating Blockchain
Proof-of-work
Mining of block (Math Problem 51%)
Other Methods for validation

16. Application
Finance | Power | Healthcare | Real Estate | Tourism | Social |
Marketplace | Identity | Mathematics | Transport |
Entertainment | Rights Protection | Government | Charity |
Technology | Human Resource | Photos, Music & Videos |
Retail, F&B | Business | Education

17. Questions?

18. Thank You.