Innovation in Byzantine consensus protocols is helping decentralized networks scale up and become highly performant, possibly faster than centralized networks. Investment growth in Bitcoin and FinTech startups, and enterprise blockchain applications in development in multiple sectors
Understanding Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) AlgorithmsGautam Anand
We will focus on understanding "Proof of Stake (PoS)" Algorithm, how it different from "Proof of Work" algorithm, the performance benefits and security overview. We will also discuss the upcoming blockchain protocols that are planning to move to PoS.
Overview and clarification of blockchain on following respects: what blockchain is, when it appeared, how it works, who designed/develops it, what it can achieve?
Author : Dr Christian Cachin, IBM
Apart from Proof of Work there are many other Consensus Mechanisms being discussed. What are they and what are their pros and cons. (Proof of Stake, Proof of Elapsed Time, Proof of Authority, Proof of Burn, Proof of Authority, Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Proof of Importance)
Understanding Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) AlgorithmsGautam Anand
We will focus on understanding "Proof of Stake (PoS)" Algorithm, how it different from "Proof of Work" algorithm, the performance benefits and security overview. We will also discuss the upcoming blockchain protocols that are planning to move to PoS.
Overview and clarification of blockchain on following respects: what blockchain is, when it appeared, how it works, who designed/develops it, what it can achieve?
Author : Dr Christian Cachin, IBM
Apart from Proof of Work there are many other Consensus Mechanisms being discussed. What are they and what are their pros and cons. (Proof of Stake, Proof of Elapsed Time, Proof of Authority, Proof of Burn, Proof of Authority, Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Proof of Importance)
Overview of blockchain technology and architectureEY
The adoption of blockchain technology continues to accelerate across a wide array of industries, yet many of our clients are confused about how to deploy these solutions within their environment. EY has developed a blockchain stack that fits within the existing enterprise infrastructure, project and system development life cycle approaches that are customized to the new technology, and development frameworks to streamline our deployment.
Blockchain Overview, What is Blockchain, Why Blockchain, How Blockchain will change the world, concepts of Blockchain are explained like Consensus, Distributed Ledger, Blockchain use cases and more
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
Ethereum Tutorial - Ethereum Explained | What is Ethereum? | Ethereum Explain...Simplilearn
This presentation on Ethereum will help you understand what is Ethereum, Ethereum features which includes cryptocurrency, smart contracts, Ethereum virtual machine, decentralized application, decentralized autonomous organization, applications of Ethereum and at the end you will see a demo on smart contract. Ethereum is a blockchain based distributed computing platform that enables developers to build and deploy their decentralized applications. Ether(ETH) is a cryptocurrency that runs on Ethereum network. It is used to pay for the computational resources and transaction fees on the Ethereum network. Ether can be utilized for building decentralized applications, smart contracts and making standard peer to peer payments. Now, lets deep dive into these slides and understand what is Ethereum and how does it work.
Below topics are explained in this Ethereum presentation:
1. What is Ethereum?
2. Ethereum features
- Cryptocurrency
- Smart contract
- Ethereum virtual machine
- Decentralized application
- Decentralized autonomous organization
3. Applications of Ethereum
4. Demo - Smart contract
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
Why learn Blockchain?
Blockchain technology is the brainchild of Satoshi Nakamoto, which enables digital information to be distributed. A network of computing nodes makes up the Blockchain. Durability, robustness, success rate, transparency, incorruptibility are some of the enticing characteristics of Blockchain. By design, Blockchain is a decentralized technology which is used by a global network of the computer to manage Bitcoin transactions easily. Many new business applications will result in the usage of Blockchain such as Crowdfunding, smart contracts, supply chain auditing, Internet of Things(IoT), etc.
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
Consensus Algorithms - Nakov at CryptoBlockCon - Las Vegas (2018)Svetlin Nakov
Consensus Algorithms
Dr. Svetlin Nakov at CryptoBlockCon - Las Vegas (11 Dec 2018)
In this talk the speaker Svetlin Nakov explains very briefly the concepts of decentralized consensus and blockchain consensus algorithms, along with examples from popular blockchain networks and DLT ledgers:
The concept of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
The role of consensus algorithms in decentralized systems and blockchains
Proof-of-work consensus (PoW), mining, pools, hash power, ASIC mining, etc.
Proof-of-stake (PoS) and its variants: DPoS (delegated PoS), RPoS (randomized PoS), LPoS (leased PoS), PoI (proof of importance)
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and FBA (federated byzantine agreement)
Proof-of-Authority (POA)
Non-blockchain consensus, asynchronous byzantine fault tolerance (aBFT) and Hashgraph
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger platform that provides open and transparent transaction information with integrity and non-repudiation based on modern cryptography. It is also the technology behind many cryptocurrencies. This presentation will give fundamental knowledge on how blockchain works, its cryptography implementation, cryptocurrency definition and related terms and also blockchain use cases.
Use extensively researched Blockchain PowerPoint Presentation Slides to educate your audience about the secure online payment transactions and cryptographic techniques. Show encryption methods and concept of decentralized network that allows the easy transfer of digital values such as currency and data. Bitcoin developers can incorporate this professionally designed content-ready blockchain PowerPoint presentation templates for their work. This deck covers topics like distributed ledger, working of a distributed ledger, use cases, industrial blockchain benefits, blockchain limitations, and more. Illustrate the idea of transferring funds directly between two parties without any banks or credit card company using blockchain PPT presentation templates. Demonstrate the workings of cryptocurrencies, showcase the process and its benefits with the help of cryptocurrency PPT slides. These templates are completely customizable. You can edit the slides as per your convenience. Change color, text, icon, and font size as per your need. Download now. Engage with disbelievers through our Blockchain Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Explain the grounds for your beliefs.
Presentation by DHS S&T at the NY Blockchain 360 Conference regarding Blockchain's relevance to the Homeland Security Enterprise. Results of security and privacy research and development over the last 2+ years and next steps.
Blockchain and Smart Contracts (Series: Blockchain Basics)Financial Poise
Blockchain is a tool. Samson Williams likens blockchain to a group text message, in which each participant receives a distributed, time-stamped, tamper-resistant (and encrypted) record of data transactions. Each group text has these characteristics. Everyone in the group “sees” the data, and none can change or gainsay any group message. Smart contracts are computer code put on the blockchain (how, exactly?) that establishes self-executing terms and conditions of a transaction. Are smart contracts smart? If certain data comes in and fulfills a pre-set term or condition, then rights and responsibilities are formed, terminated, modified, or shifted among the parties. Ah certainty and transparency, but also ah garbage in and garbage out. Are some contractual terms not amenable to smart contracting? And are smart contracts necessarily contracts? If not, can they still be useful? If a smart contract is a contract, what is the governing document? Is it the words business people and lawyers use, or is it the code that is supposed to reflect the words?
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/blockchain-and-smart-contracts-2021/
Ethereum is the largest decentralized software platform that allows you to build smart contracts and decentralized applications without any downtime and without any third party interference.
VISIT:- http://www.oodlestechnologies.com/online-cryptocurrency-wallet
Blockchain: The Information Technology of the FutureMelanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a decentralized network structure based on cryptographic principles so that any kind of trading, buying and selling of assets does not need to go through a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Venture Capitalists are calling the blockchain the next big investment wave.
Structured approach to blockchain and consensus techniquesVasiliy Suvorov
An overview of history and available research on various consensus techniques, blockchain and DLTs design. Bitcoin, Tendemint, Ripple, Ethereum, IOTA and Corda were used as examples.
These slides were originally presented at CryptoValley meetup on Dec 6, 2016 in Zug.
Overview of blockchain technology and architectureEY
The adoption of blockchain technology continues to accelerate across a wide array of industries, yet many of our clients are confused about how to deploy these solutions within their environment. EY has developed a blockchain stack that fits within the existing enterprise infrastructure, project and system development life cycle approaches that are customized to the new technology, and development frameworks to streamline our deployment.
Blockchain Overview, What is Blockchain, Why Blockchain, How Blockchain will change the world, concepts of Blockchain are explained like Consensus, Distributed Ledger, Blockchain use cases and more
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
Ethereum Tutorial - Ethereum Explained | What is Ethereum? | Ethereum Explain...Simplilearn
This presentation on Ethereum will help you understand what is Ethereum, Ethereum features which includes cryptocurrency, smart contracts, Ethereum virtual machine, decentralized application, decentralized autonomous organization, applications of Ethereum and at the end you will see a demo on smart contract. Ethereum is a blockchain based distributed computing platform that enables developers to build and deploy their decentralized applications. Ether(ETH) is a cryptocurrency that runs on Ethereum network. It is used to pay for the computational resources and transaction fees on the Ethereum network. Ether can be utilized for building decentralized applications, smart contracts and making standard peer to peer payments. Now, lets deep dive into these slides and understand what is Ethereum and how does it work.
Below topics are explained in this Ethereum presentation:
1. What is Ethereum?
2. Ethereum features
- Cryptocurrency
- Smart contract
- Ethereum virtual machine
- Decentralized application
- Decentralized autonomous organization
3. Applications of Ethereum
4. Demo - Smart contract
Simplilearn’s Blockchain Certification Training has been designed for developers who want to decipher the global craze surrounding Blockchain, Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. You’ll learn the core structure and technical mechanisms of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger and Multichain Blockchain platforms, use the latest tools to build Blockchain applications, set up your own private Blockchain, deploy smart contracts on Ethereum and gain practical experience with real-world projects.
Why learn Blockchain?
Blockchain technology is the brainchild of Satoshi Nakamoto, which enables digital information to be distributed. A network of computing nodes makes up the Blockchain. Durability, robustness, success rate, transparency, incorruptibility are some of the enticing characteristics of Blockchain. By design, Blockchain is a decentralized technology which is used by a global network of the computer to manage Bitcoin transactions easily. Many new business applications will result in the usage of Blockchain such as Crowdfunding, smart contracts, supply chain auditing, Internet of Things(IoT), etc.
The Blockchain Certification Training Course is recommended for:
1. Developers
2. Technologists interested in learning Ethereum, Hyperledger and Blockchain
3. Technology architects wanting to expand their skills to Blockchain technology
4. Professionals curious to learn how Blockchain technology can change the way we do business
5. Entrepreneurs with technology background interested in realizing their business ideas on the Blockchain
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
Consensus Algorithms - Nakov at CryptoBlockCon - Las Vegas (2018)Svetlin Nakov
Consensus Algorithms
Dr. Svetlin Nakov at CryptoBlockCon - Las Vegas (11 Dec 2018)
In this talk the speaker Svetlin Nakov explains very briefly the concepts of decentralized consensus and blockchain consensus algorithms, along with examples from popular blockchain networks and DLT ledgers:
The concept of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
The role of consensus algorithms in decentralized systems and blockchains
Proof-of-work consensus (PoW), mining, pools, hash power, ASIC mining, etc.
Proof-of-stake (PoS) and its variants: DPoS (delegated PoS), RPoS (randomized PoS), LPoS (leased PoS), PoI (proof of importance)
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and FBA (federated byzantine agreement)
Proof-of-Authority (POA)
Non-blockchain consensus, asynchronous byzantine fault tolerance (aBFT) and Hashgraph
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger platform that provides open and transparent transaction information with integrity and non-repudiation based on modern cryptography. It is also the technology behind many cryptocurrencies. This presentation will give fundamental knowledge on how blockchain works, its cryptography implementation, cryptocurrency definition and related terms and also blockchain use cases.
Use extensively researched Blockchain PowerPoint Presentation Slides to educate your audience about the secure online payment transactions and cryptographic techniques. Show encryption methods and concept of decentralized network that allows the easy transfer of digital values such as currency and data. Bitcoin developers can incorporate this professionally designed content-ready blockchain PowerPoint presentation templates for their work. This deck covers topics like distributed ledger, working of a distributed ledger, use cases, industrial blockchain benefits, blockchain limitations, and more. Illustrate the idea of transferring funds directly between two parties without any banks or credit card company using blockchain PPT presentation templates. Demonstrate the workings of cryptocurrencies, showcase the process and its benefits with the help of cryptocurrency PPT slides. These templates are completely customizable. You can edit the slides as per your convenience. Change color, text, icon, and font size as per your need. Download now. Engage with disbelievers through our Blockchain Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Explain the grounds for your beliefs.
Presentation by DHS S&T at the NY Blockchain 360 Conference regarding Blockchain's relevance to the Homeland Security Enterprise. Results of security and privacy research and development over the last 2+ years and next steps.
Blockchain and Smart Contracts (Series: Blockchain Basics)Financial Poise
Blockchain is a tool. Samson Williams likens blockchain to a group text message, in which each participant receives a distributed, time-stamped, tamper-resistant (and encrypted) record of data transactions. Each group text has these characteristics. Everyone in the group “sees” the data, and none can change or gainsay any group message. Smart contracts are computer code put on the blockchain (how, exactly?) that establishes self-executing terms and conditions of a transaction. Are smart contracts smart? If certain data comes in and fulfills a pre-set term or condition, then rights and responsibilities are formed, terminated, modified, or shifted among the parties. Ah certainty and transparency, but also ah garbage in and garbage out. Are some contractual terms not amenable to smart contracting? And are smart contracts necessarily contracts? If not, can they still be useful? If a smart contract is a contract, what is the governing document? Is it the words business people and lawyers use, or is it the code that is supposed to reflect the words?
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/blockchain-and-smart-contracts-2021/
Ethereum is the largest decentralized software platform that allows you to build smart contracts and decentralized applications without any downtime and without any third party interference.
VISIT:- http://www.oodlestechnologies.com/online-cryptocurrency-wallet
Blockchain: The Information Technology of the FutureMelanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a decentralized network structure based on cryptographic principles so that any kind of trading, buying and selling of assets does not need to go through a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Venture Capitalists are calling the blockchain the next big investment wave.
Structured approach to blockchain and consensus techniquesVasiliy Suvorov
An overview of history and available research on various consensus techniques, blockchain and DLTs design. Bitcoin, Tendemint, Ripple, Ethereum, IOTA and Corda were used as examples.
These slides were originally presented at CryptoValley meetup on Dec 6, 2016 in Zug.
Byzantine General Problem Reliable computer system must be able to deal with failure of one or more of its components. Whenever a failed component exhibits a type of behavior it is generally referred as Byzantine General Problem. This type of behavior is often overlooked and involves mainly sending conflicting information to different parts of system.
After enormous cryptocurrencies value gains this year, Blockchain - their underneath algorithm is a topic that gets both a lot of exposure and confusion among developers. In this presentation, I’m going to create a glossary that will guide you in further exploration and sort out your knowledge.
We will discuss not only what Blockchain is but also why it is (or isn’t) the big thing. Everything using easy to grasp JavaScript code examples.
Prepare yourself for surfing on dangerous hype-wave - it’s easy to drown.
Repository of Presentation:
https://github.com/ArturSkowronski/naivechain
Presented:
4Developers Łódź (https://lodz.4developers.org.pl), Kraków, 09.11.2017
KrakowJS (http://conf.krakowjs.pl/), Krakow, 29.09.2017
A Complete Beginners Guide to Blockchain Technology Part 5 of 6. Slides from the #StartingBlock2015 tour by @blockstrap
Part 1: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/cbgtbt-part-1-workshop-introduction-primer
Part 2: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/02-blockchains-101
Part 3: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/03-transactions-101
Part 4: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/cbgtbt-part-4-mining
Part 5: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/05-blockchains-102
Part 6: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/06-transactions-102
CoinDesk reveals the key trends, challenges, and opportunities for bitcoin and blockchain technology in 2016.
Reports are available to download for those who are signed up to our research list.
Sign up here: http://www.coindesk.com/newsletter/
Buy our research on the banks and the blockchain here: http://www.coindesk.com/research/banks-blockchain-report/
Get in touch via research@coindesk.com if you'd like to partner with research in the future.
CBGTBT - Part 1 - Workshop introduction & primerBlockstrap.com
A Complete Beginners Guide to Blockchain Technology Part 1 of 6. Slides from the #StartingBlock2015 tour by @blockstrap
Part 1: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/cbgtbt-part-1-workshop-introduction-primer
Part 2: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/02-blockchains-101
Part 3: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/03-transactions-101
Part 4: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/cbgtbt-part-4-mining
Part 5: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/05-blockchains-102
Part 6: http://www.slideshare.net/Blockstrap/06-transactions-102
A free-flowing, non-technical guide to NFTs.
The guide starts with blockchain basics and gradually builds to explain NFT use cases in the metaverse and how brands are using NFTs to engage with customers.
A lot of resources are added towards the end to let the reader continue her journey in the web3.
Plenary Talk at ICEIC 2019
Pullman Auckland Hotel, Auckland, New Zealand
Jan. 23th (Wed) 2019, 11:00 ~ 12:30
http://iceic.org/2019/
Abstract
In the year 2018, we have witnessed the surge and the fall of crypto-currencies. With the surge, blockchain the new technology behind cryptocurrencies, and its idealistic footprint of advanced thoughts, blockchainism it can be perhaps called, came to enthrall our minds. Thousands of new ambitious projects have been conceived and fast activated with the worldwide frenzy of new funding through initial coin offerings a novel funding mechanism in the blockchain world. Decentralized societies, equal accesses to valuable resources, reducing the cost of middleman, freed individuals from hierarchical organizations, and reducing the spread in inequalities are some of those advanced thoughts. But the fall came; the market value for Bitcoin has collapsed more than 7 times from its peak-value; that of Ethereum has plummeted more than 12 times. These two power houses which have supported those progressive projects are now torn apart. Recent New York Times report reads, “Blockchain: What’s it good for? Absolutely nothing, report finds.” Another one reads, The Blockchain Is a Reminder of the Internet’s Failure. The same utopian promises that bloomed during the Internet’s early days are back. Be afraid.“ Should this be the end of our pursue to change and make a better world with blockchains? Obviously not. In this presentation, I would like to talk about the reality of blockchain technology and how distant it is from the ideals. With this accessment, I would like to present some of novel research progresses we made in year 2018 and talk about further research ideas to pursue in year 2019.
Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology Explained: Not just Cryptocurrencies, Econo...Melanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. It represents a new organizing paradigm for all activity and integrates humans and technology. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a network structure based on cryptographic principles so there does not need to be a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset (art, car, home, financial contract) may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Blockchain technology applies well beyond cryptocurrencies, economics, and markets to all venues of human information processing, collaboration, and interaction including art, health, and literacy.
Details in how InfiniteChain is the most practical solution to connect your centralized environment with public blockchain. Ethereum-based InfiniteChain addresses the blockchain bottleneck of privacy, transaction speed and block bloat.
A fascinating set of slides from Ovum consulting offering a beginners view to blockchain. Distributed ledger technology for the non-expert.
Please note that these slides are not my own but are distributed by Ovum (Informa plc)
The title of this PPT is "Blockchain 50 Companies".
This document is based on CB insight.
My favorite companies are Funderbeam, Augur, CHRONICLED, mediachain, OpenBazaar, and ripple.
I strongly believe that blockchain will change the world.
I would be glad if I could help you even just a little bit.
Block chain for the humanitarian sector - future opportunitiesPablo Bredt Torres
Interesting presentation related to a next generation data sharing system applicable within the humanitarian supply chain and logistics sector.
Surely, still lots of obstacles but with limitless impact.
From Bitcoin to Blockchain: Industry Review April 2017 from OLMA NEXT LtdOLMA Capital Management
When the Bitcoin cryptocurrency was released in 2009, its underpinning, the blockchain distributed ledger system was the real technological breakthrough, a formulation that promises to change the basis of all types of transactions globally.
Blockchain technology has paved the way for an Internet of Transactions. Blockchain technology has already proved its worth in such areas as means of payment, interbank exchanges and international remittances. Touted as the next digital revolution, blockchain technology has the potential to transform traditional industries and alter society through disintermediation of trade. Any situation that involves an intermediary that is expensive or fallible represents an opportunity to create a blockchain application case. No industry is immune to the blockchain’s disruption potential.
In 2017, the blockchain technology is at an inflection point. The industry is in a state of transition and must move to Blockchain 2.0, which means the adoption of more sophisticated applications, such as micro-payments and smart contracts. Having outgrown its original bitcoin community, the majority of blockchain applications have yet to pass beyond the prototype stage to make blockchain technology the greatest restructuring technology of the next decade.
The Blockchain is a technology created with the bitcoin, which has become the world's 8th currency in terms of amounts exchanged. The Blockchain brings with it new promises of innovation in all sectors, but also of disruption of dominant economic models. By taking an interest now in its potential applications, we can be one step ahead of the next stage of the digital revolution and the advent of a "horizontal" society,
without intermediaries or centralized authority...
The Blockchain is probably set to revolutionize transactions and exchanges; in the same way that Internet enabled peer-to-peer communication, in the years to come the Blockchain will provide the means for peer-to-peer transactions under a decentralized and autonomous rationale.
BlockChain basics for the non-technical banker covering what's happening, what the opportunities are, and the problems we all face. Covers BitCoin and Ethereum with brief mentions made of Ripple and the HyperLedger project.
How Blockchain solves the Byzantine Generals Problem (2).pdfcoingabbar
The Byzantine Generals Problem is one of the primary game theories used in the development of a blockchain. It serves as the foundation for Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) and algorithms built around it. Although Satoshi Nakamoto did not use BFT in his implementation of Bitcoin, the concept of the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism is based on it. Let’s examine what it is and how blockchain manages to solve this problem.
What is Byzantine Generals Problem?
The Byzantine Generals Problem was formulated in 1982 by Marshall Pease, Robert Shostak, and Leslie Lamport. It is a game theory problem that describes how difficult it is for decentralized parties to come to a consensus when there is no trusted central party.
In this problem, the Byzantine army is divided into numerous battalions, each of which is commanded by a different general. The generals need to reach an agreement (consensus) on whether to carry out the attack or not.
However, generals face several problems while reaching a consensus. The armies are separated by a distance because they are not directly adjacent to one another. Coordination is required for the attack plan to be carried out. They have to use messengers to communicate to decide on a common course of action in which all battalions work together and launch simultaneous attacks from all directions in order to be successful.
Additionally, there is no assurance that the message will arrive at its intended location, and the messengers cannot be trusted either. Traitors will likely attempt to foil their plan by intercepting or altering the messages. This challenge's goal is for all of the loyal commanders to come to an agreement without any interference from the imposters.
Why do we need distributed systems for payments?
Although the form of money has changed over time, from metal to paper to digital, its significance has remained the same throughout human history. Currently, a recognized centralized party is in charge of maintaining our monetary system. The central party chosen by the people is responsible for ensuring that the value of money is the same throughout society. However, it was later discovered that those central parties, no matter how qualified they were, were not completely trustworthy because it was so easy for them to manipulate the data.
The fundamental problem with centralized systems is that they are vulnerable to corruption, which means that the data can be manipulated by anyone who has access to the database because the centralized system concentrates all power in the hands of a single central decision-maker.
Furthermore, centralized systems do not address the byzantine generals problem, which requires that truth be verified in an explicitly transparent manner. They avoid dealing with the issue entirely by foregoing transparency to achieve efficiency quickly. Thus, centralized systems provide no transparency, increasing the possibility of data corruption.
How Blockchain solves the Byzantine Generals Problem.pdfTusharVerma933268
The Byzantine Generals Problem is one of the primary game theories used in the development of a blockchain. It serves as the foundation for Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) and algorithms built around it. Although Satoshi Nakamoto did not use BFT in his implementation of Bitcoin, the concept of the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism is based on it. Let’s examine what it is and how blockchain manages to solve this problem.
What is Byzantine Generals Problem?
The Byzantine Generals Problem was formulated in 1982 by Marshall Pease, Robert Shostak, and Leslie Lamport. It is a game theory problem that describes how difficult it is for decentralized parties to come to a consensus when there is no trusted central party.
In this problem, the Byzantine army is divided into numerous battalions, each of which is commanded by a different general. The generals need to reach an agreement (consensus) on whether to carry out the attack or not.
However, generals face several problems while reaching a consensus. The armies are separated by a distance because they are not directly adjacent to one another. Coordination is required for the attack plan to be carried out. They have to use messengers to communicate to decide on a common course of action in which all battalions work together and launch simultaneous attacks from all directions in order to be successful.
Additionally, there is no assurance that the message will arrive at its intended location, and the messengers cannot be trusted either. Traitors will likely attempt to foil their plan by intercepting or altering the messages. This challenge's goal is for all of the loyal commanders to come to an agreement without any interference from the imposters.
Why do we need distributed systems for payments?
Although the form of money has changed over time, from metal to paper to digital, its significance has remained the same throughout human history. Currently, a recognized centralized party is in charge of maintaining our monetary system. The central party chosen by the people is responsible for ensuring that the value of money is the same throughout society. However, it was later discovered that those central parties, no matter how qualified they were, were not completely trustworthy because it was so easy for them to manipulate the data.
The fundamental problem with centralized systems is that they are vulnerable to corruption, which means that the data can be manipulated by anyone who has access to the database because the centralized system concentrates all power in the hands of a single central decision-maker.
Furthermore, centralized systems do not address the byzantine generals problem, which requires that truth be verified in an explicitly transparent manner. They avoid dealing with the issue entirely by foregoing transparency to achieve efficiency quickly. Thus, centralized systems provide no transparency, increasing the possibility of data corruption.
AI Health Agents: Longevity as a Service in the Web3 GenAI Quantum RevolutionMelanie Swan
Health Agents are a form of Math Agent as the concept of a personalized AI health advisor delivering “healthcare by app” instead of “sickcare by appointment.” Mobile devices
can check health 1000 times per minute as opposed to the standard one time per year doctor’s office visit, and model virtual patients in the digital twin app. As any AI agent, Health Agents “speak” natural language to humans and formal language to the computational infrastructure, possibly outputting the mathematics of personalized homeostatic health as part of their operation. Health Agents could facilitate the ability of physicians to oversee the health of thousands of individuals at a time. This could ease overstressed healthcare systems and contribute to physician well-being and the situation that (per the World Health Organization) more than half of the global population is still not covered by essential health services.
The computational infrastructure is becoming a vast interconnected fabric of formal methods, including per a major shift from 2d grids to 3d graphs in machine learning architectures
The implication is systems-level digital science at unprecedented scale for discovery in a diverse range of scientific disciplines
We know that we are in an AI take-off, what is new is that we are in a math take-off. A math take-off is using math as a formal language, beyond the human-facing math-as-math use case, for AI to interface with the computational infrastructure. The message of generative AI and LLMs (large language models like GPT) is not that they speak natural language to humans, but that they speak formal languages (programmatic code, mathematics, physics) to the computational infrastructure, implying the ability to create a much larger problem-solving apparatus for humanity-benefitting applications in biology, energy, and space science, however not without risk.
This work introduces “quantum intelligence” as a concept of intelligence for operating in the quantum realm may help in a potential AI-Quantum Computing convergence (~2030e), and towards the realization of SRAI for well-being (economics, health, energy, space). “Scale-free intelligence” is formulated as a generic capacity for learning.
AI did not spring onto the scene with chatGPT, but is in an ongoing multi-year adoption. A transition may be underway from an information society to a knowledge society (one tempered and specifically using knowledge to improve the human condition). AI is a dual-use technology with both significant risk and upleveling possibilities.
SRAI for well-being is a social objective, and also a technological objective. SRAI is part of AI development and within the technological trajectory of harnessing all scales of physical reality ranging from quantum materials to space exploration.
Conceptually, thinking in quantum and relativistic terms expands the physical worldview, and likewise the social worldview of entities inhabiting the larger world. Practically, SRAI may be realized in phases: short-term regulation and registries, medium-term agents learning to implement human values with internal reward functions, and long-term responsible human-AI entities acting in partnership in a future of SRAI for well-being.
The Human-AI Odyssey: Homerian Aspirations towards Non-labor IdentityMelanie Swan
The visionary progression in The Odyssey from shipbuilding to seafaring to advanced civilization informs contemporary tension in the human-AI relation forcing a broader articulation of human-identity beyond labor-identity. Edith Hall analyzes why one of the earliest known literatures, The Odyssey, remains a central cultural trope with numerous references in the storytelling vernacular of all eras, ranging from 1860s British theater to a highly-watched 1990 episode of The Simpsons. The argument is that The Odyssey provides a constant aspirational reference for human identity – who we think we are and where we are going on the epic journey of life, especially at the current crossroad in our relationship with technology.
The contemporary moment finds humanity, and the humanities, experiencing an identity crisis in the relationship with technology. Information science is having an ever more pervasive role in academia, and the machine economy continues to offload vast classes of tasks to labor-saving technology giving rise to two questions. First, at the level of labor-identity, humans wonder who they are as they have long defined their sense of self through their professional participation in the economy. Second, at the level of human-identity, with AI now performing cognitive labor in addition to physical labor, humans wonder if there is anything that remains uniquely human.
The effect of The Odyssey is to provide world-expanding imaginaries to change the way we see ourselves as subjects; in this way, Homer is an early modernist in reconfiguring our self-concept.
This work applies a philosophy (of literature)-aided information science method to discuss how Homer’s Odyssey persists as a literary imaginary to help us think through potential futures of human-AI flourishing as rapid automation continues to impact humanity. The intensity of the human-AI relation is likely to increase, which invites thought leadership to steward the transition to a potential AI abundance economy with fulfilling human-technology collaboration.
The shipbuilding-seafaring-advanced civilization progression in The Odyssey identifies that the human-AI relation is not one of the labor-identity-crisis of “robots stealing our jobs,” but rather one of the more difficult challenge of envisioning who we can be in the new larger world of human-AI partnership addressing a larger set of planetary-scale problems. Towards this new configuration of human-AI relation, the longer-term may hold radically different notions of identity, as we become physical-virtual hybrids, augmented post-disease entities in the health-faring, space-civilizing, energy-marshalling post-scarcity cultures of the future.
AdS Biology and Quantum Information ScienceMelanie Swan
Quantum Information Science is a fast-growing discipline advancing many areas of science such as cryptography, chemistry, finance, space science, and biology. In particular AdS/Biology, an interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence in biological systems, is showing promise in new biophysical mathematical models of topology (Chern-Simons (solvable QFT), knotting, and compaction). For example, one model of neurodegenerative disease takes a topological view of protein buildup (AB plaques and tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease, alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, TDP-43 in ALS). AdS/Neuroscience methods are implicated in integrating multiscalar systems with different bulk-boundary space-time regimes (e.g. oncology tumors, fMRI + EEG imaging), entanglement (correlation) renormalization across scales (MERA, random tensor networks, melonic diagrams), entropy (possible system states), entanglement entropy (interrelated fluctuations and correlations across system tiers), and non-ergodicity (implied efficiency mechanisms since biology does not cycle through all possible configurations per temperature (thermotaxis), chemotaxis, and energy cues); Maxwell’s demon of biology (partition functions), conservation across system scales (biophysical gauge symmetry (system-wide conserved quantity)), and the presence of codes (DNA, codons, neural codes). A multiscalar AdS/CFT correspondence is mobilized in 4-tier ecosystem models (light-plankton-krill-whale and ion-synapse-neuron-network (AdS/Brain)).
Humanity’s constant project is expanding the range of attainable geography. Melville’s romance of the sea gives way to Kerouac’s romance of the road, and now the romance of space. In expanding into new geographies, markets (commerce) is the driving impulse, entailing a legal and judiciary system to order the new larger continuous marketplace, which brings a bigger overall scope of world under our control, and hence a new idea of who we are as subjects in this bigger domain.
Space Humanism is a concept of humanism based on the principles of inclusion, progress, and equity posited as a condition of possibility for a potential large-scale human movement into space. A philosophy of literature approach is used to contextualize Space Humanism, first through Melville-Foucault to articulate the mind-frame of extra-planetary geographies as one of human expansion, and second through posthuman philosophy extending from Shakespeare’s Renaissance humanism to contemporary enhancement-based theories of subjectivation.
Historical imaginaries outline subjectivation moments that have changed the whole notion who we are as humanity. Four examples are: the concept of the “new world” in Hegel’s philosophy, von Humboldt’s infographic maps, Baudelaire as the Painter of Modern Life, and Keats’s seeing the world in a new way upon reading an updated translation of Homer.
The reach to beyond-Earth geographies is a two-cultures project involving both arts and science. Technical competence is necessary to realize the aspirational, explorational, and survivalist aims of humanity pushing beyond planetary limits. Space was once a fantastic dream that is becoming quotidian with fourteen U.S. spaceports, six completed Blue Origin space tourist missions, and SpaceX having over 155 successful rocket launches including human space flights to and from the International Space Station. The notion of Space Human articulated through Shakespeare, Moby-Dick, and neuroenhancement informs the project of our reach to awaiting beyond-Earth geographies.
Quantum Information Science and Quantum Neuroscience.pptMelanie Swan
Mathematical advance in quantum information science is proceeding quickly and applies to many fields, particularly the complexities of neuroscience (here focusing on image-readable physical behaviors such as neural signaling, as opposed to higher-order operations of cognition, memory, and attention). Quantum mathematical models are extensible to neuroscience problem classes treating dynamical time series, diffusion, and renormalization in multiscalar systems. Approaches first reconstruct wavefunctions observed in EEG and fMRI scans. Second, single-neuron models (Hodgkin-Huxley, integrate-and-fire, theta neurons) and collective neuron models (neural field theories, Kuramoto oscillators) are employed to model empirical data. Third, genome physics is used to study time series sequence prediction in DNA, RNA, and proteins based on 3d+ complex geometry involving fields, curvature, knotting, and information compaction. Finally, quantum neuroscience physics is applied in AdS/Brain modeling, Chern-Simons biology (topological invariance), neuronal gauge theories, network neuroscience, and the chaotic dynamics of bifurcation and bistability (to explain epileptic and resting states). The potential benefit of this work is an improved understanding of disease and pathology resolution in humans.
Quantum information science enables a new tier of scientific problem-solving as exemplified in early-adopter fields, foundational tools in quantum cryptography, quantum machine learning, and quantum chemistry (molecular quantum mechanics), and advanced applications in quantum space science, quantum finance, and quantum biology
Grammatology and Performativity: A Critical Theory of Silence: Silence is a crucial device for subversion, opposition, and socio-political commentary, the theoretical underpinnings of which are just starting to be understood. This work illuminates another position in the growing field of critical silence studies, theorizing silence as an asset whose ontological value has been lost in a world of literal and figurative noise. Part 1 philosophizes silence as a continuation of Derrida’s grammatology project. Such a grammatology of silence valorizes silent thinking over noisy speaking, and identifies the deconstructive binary pairing not as silence-speaking, but rather as silence-noise. Noise has a simultaneous physical-virtual existence as Shannon entropy calculates signal-to-noise ratios in modern communications networks. Part 2 employs the philosophy of noise to assess what is conceptually necessary to overcome noise in a critical theory of silence. Malaspina draws from Simondon to argue that noise is a form of individuation, essentially a living thing with unstoppable growth potential, not defined by a binary on-off switch but as a matter of gradation. Hence different theory resources are required to oppose it. Part 3 then develops a critical theory of silence to oppose noise in both its physical and virtual instantiations, with the two arms of a deeply human positive performativity (Szendy, Bennett) and a beyond-computational posthumanism (Puar). The result is a novel critical theory of silence as positive performativity that destabilizes noise and recoups the ontological status of silence as not merely an empty post-modern reification but a meaningful actuality.
Philosophy-aided Physics at the Boundary of Quantum-Classical Reality The philosophical themes of truth-knowledge and appearance-reality are used to interrogate the contemporary situation of the quantum-classical boundary, and more broadly the quantum-classical-relativistic stratification of physical scale boundaries. The contemporary moment finds us at breakneck pace in the industrial information revolution, digitizing remaining matter-based industries into a seamless exchange between physical-digital reality. Digitized news is giving way to digitized money and perhaps in the farther future, digitized mindfiles (such as personalized connectome files for precision medicine, autologous (own-DNA) stem cell therapies, and CRISPR for Alzheimer’s disease prevention). Our technologies are allowing us control over vast new domains, the relativistic with GPS and space-faring, and the quantum with quantum computing, harnessing the properties of superposition, entanglement, and interference. Philosophy provides critical thinking tools that can help us understand and master these rapid shifts in science and technology to avoid an Adornian instrumental reality (subsuming humanity under societal structures) and to maintain a Heideggerian backgrounded and enabling relation with technology (versus technology enframing us into mindless standing reserve).
The philosophical theme underlying the investigation of the scales of planets, persons, and particles is the relationship between truth and knowledge (or appearance and reality). The truth-knowledge problem is whether knowledge of the truth, true knowledge, the reality under the appearance, is even possible. Three salient moments in the history of the truth-knowledge problem are examined here. These are the German idealism of Kant and Hegel, the deconstructive postmodernism of Foucault and Derrida, and the unclear leanings of the current moment. The German idealism lens incorporates the self-knowing subject as agent into the truth and knowledge problem. The postmodernist view breaks with the subject and emphasizes the hidden opposites in the formulations, the constant reinterpretation of meaning, and porous boundaries. The contemporary moment wonders whether truth-knowledge boundaries still hold, in a Benjaminian view of non-identity between truth and knowledge, and truth increasingly being seen as a Foucauldian biopolitical manufactured quantity. Contemporaneity has a bimodal distribution of the subject: the hyperself (the constantly digitally represented selfie self) and the alienated post-subject subject.
These moments in the truth and knowledge debate inflect into the scale considerations of relativity, classicality, and quantum mechanics. Whereas general relativity and quantum mechanics are domains of universality, totality, and multiplicity, everyday classical reality is squeezed in as a belt between the two multiplicities as the concretion of drawing a triangle or tossing a ball. Recasting truth and k
Comprehensive philosophical programs arise within a historical context (for Hegel and Derrida in the democracy-shaping moments of the French Revolution (1789) and the student-worker protests (1968) in which French politics serve as a global harbinger of contemporary themes). In the Derrida-Hegel relationship, there is more rapprochement concerning core notions of difference, history, and meaning-assignation than may have been realized. In particular, Hegel’s philosophy, despite being assumed to be a totalizing system, in fact indicates precisely some of the same kinds of revised metaphysics-of-presence formulations that Derrida exhorts, namely those that are flexible, expansive, and include non-identity and identity.
A crucial Derrida-Hegel interchange is that of différance and difference. Derrida develops the notion directly from Hegel (“Différance,” “The Pit and the Pyramid”), but only draws from the Encyclopedia, not Hegel’s masterwork, the Phenomenology of Spirit. For Derrida, the “A” in différance is inspired by the form of the pyramid in the capitalized letter and in Hegel’s comparing the sign “to the Egyptian Pyramid” (“Différance,” p. 3). Derrida invokes the symbolism of the pyramid, antiquity, and Egyptian hieroglyphics as an early semiotic system. However, when considering Hegel’s central definition of difference in the dialectical progression of thesis-antithesis-synthesis in the Phenomenology of Spirit (§§159-163), the articulations of différance and difference are remarkably aligned.
Parallel formulations are also seen in history as a series of reinterpretable events, and indexical wrappers as a mechanism for meaning assignation. The thinkers examine the universal and the particular by exploring regulative mechanisms such as law (natural and social). In Glas, Derrida highlights not the singular-universal relation, but the law of singularity and the law of universality relation as being relevant to Hegel’s Antigone interpretation (Glas, p. 142a), a theme continued in “Before the Law.” Finally (time permitting), there is a question whether the most valid critiques of Hegel (Nietzsche’s unreason and Benjamin’s non-synthesis), as alternatives to Hegelian dialectics, are visible in Derrida’s thought.
The upshot is that the two thinkers produce similar formulations, derived from different trajectories of philosophical work; a situation which points to the potential universality of fundamental solution classes to open-ended philosophical problems, including the future of democracy.
Quantum Moreness: Kantian Time and the Performative Economics of Multiplicity
There is no domain with greater moreness than that of the quantum. A philosophy-aided physics approach (postmodernism and Continental philosophy) examines the contemporary situation of quantum moreness (more time and space dimensions than are available classically). Quantum moreness is configured by quantum reality being probabilistic; a multiplicity of outcomes all co-existing in superposition until collapsed in measurement. The quantum mindset uses quantum moreness to solve problems by thinking in terms of the greater scalability afforded in time and space with the quantum properties of superposition, entanglement, and interference. Quantum studies fields proliferate in arts and sciences, raising the Levi-Straussian raw-cooked dilemma of how “traditional humanities” are to be named alongside “digital humanities” and “quantum humanities.” Kant facilitates the conceptualization of quantum moreness by insisting on the dual nature of time as transcendentally ideal and empirically real. Kant’s moreness is allness, the absolute totality and multiplicity of time at the ideal level. Each faculty (sensibility, understanding, reason) has its own species of the a priori synthetic unity of ideal time that precedes and conditions the operation of the faculty. Each faculty also has a concretized formulation of empirically-real time as the time series, which is the basis for the faculties to interoperate to perform the conception of any empirical object. Kant’s achievement of time interoperability has potential extensibility to other areas of temporal incompatibility such as the scales of general relativity, Newtonian mechanics (human-scale), and quantum mechanics. The quantum moreness mindset with which Kant connects the ideal-real is visible in the domain of economics, itself too an ideal-real construction. The quantum moreness of money configures the postmodern abstraction of global cryptocurrencies and smart contract pledges, the implicative hope of which is a post-debt capital world that restores the human esprit in the face of an increasingly intense technologized reality.
Blockchain Crypto Jamming: Subverting the Instrumental Economy
The ultimate subversion is money, refusing the pecuniary resources of the state. This project applies a philosophical and critical theory lens to examine the use of nomenclature in one of the most radical longitudinal transformations in contemporary times, the shift away from state-run monetary resources towards cryptocurrencies and smart contracts in citizen-determined decentralized financial networks.
A Cryptoeconomic Theory of Social Change is presented in which linguistic progression serves as a tracking mechanism. The steps to lasting change have their own vocabulary (Brandom). First, there is the social critique, the complaint about what is wrong, the negative side (Adorno and Horkheimer highlight instrumental reason and the empty culture industry). Second, there is the antidote, an alternative that can overcome the complaint, the positive side. Third, the solution becomes the new reality, and as a consequence, the whole of reality is now seen in this context, adopting its vocabulary (“fiat health” system for example, referring to the antiquated method). The social movement graduates from language game (Wittgenstein) to form of life (Jaeggi).
Blockchains are Occupy with teeth, notable in the level of personal responsibility-taking by individuals to steward their own financial resources. The crypto citizen is not merely trading CryptoKitties and Bored Ape Yacht Club tokens, but getting blocktime loans through DeFi liquidity pools instead of fiat banks, earning labor income in crypto, and shifting all economic activity to blockchain networks. The artworld signals mainstream acceptance with Christie’s non-fungible token digital artwork auctioned from Beeple for $61 million. At the global level, coin communities constitute a new form of Kardashev-level (planetary-scale) democracy. Blockchains emerge as a robust smart network automation technology for super-class projects ranging from space-faring to quantum computing and thought-tokening. The further stakes of this work are having a language-based theory of social change with broad applicability to social transformation.
This work argues that the emerging understanding of time in quantum information science can be articulated as a philosophical theory of change. Change and time are interrelated, and one can be used to interrogate the other, namely, a theory of change can be derived from a theory of time. What is new in quantum science is time being regarded as just another property to be engineered. At the quantum scale, time is reversible in certain ways, which is quite different from the everyday experience of time whose unidirectional arrow does not allow a dropped egg to reassemble. At the quantum scale of atoms, though, a particle retains the history of its trajectory, which may be retraced before collapsed in measurement.
Quantum scientists evolve systems backward and forward in time, controlling phase transitions with Floquet engineering. Quantum systems are entangled in time and space, with temporal correlations exhibiting greater multiplicity than spatial correlations. The chaotic time regimes of ballistic spread followed by saturation are implemented in quantum walks for faster search and heightened cryptosecurity. In quantum neuroscience, seizure may be explained by chaotic dynamics and normal resting state by Floquet-like periodic cycles. Time is revealed to have the same kinds of repeating structures as space (described by entanglement, symmetry, and topology), differently instantiated and controlled.
The quantum understanding of time can be propelled into a macroscale-theory of change through its connotation of a more flexible, malleable, probabilistic interface with reality. Change becomes less rigid. Probability is the lever of change, but notoriously difficult for humans to grasp, as we think better in storylines than statistics. The idea of manipulating quantum system properties in which time, space, dynamics (change), are all just parameters, is an empowering frame for the acceptance of change. The quantum mindset affords greater facility with probability-driven events (change).
Blockchains in Space: Non-Euclidean Spacetime and Tokenized Thinking - Two requirements for the large-scale beyond-terrestrial expansion of human intelligence into the universe are the ability to operate in diverse spatiotemporal regimes and to instantiate thinking in various formats. Newtonian mechanics describe everyday reality, but Einsteinian physics is needed for GPS and the orbital technologies of telescopes and spacecraft. Space agencies already integrate the Earth-day and the slightly-longer Martian-sol. A more substantial move into space requires facility with non-Euclidean spacetimes. One challenge is that general relativity and quantum mechanics are non-interoperable. However, the theories can be formulated together when considering black holes and quantum computing since geometric theories and gauge theories are both field-based. Quantum blockchains instantiate blockchain logic in quantum computational environments. Blockchains have their own temporal regime (blocktime: the number of blocks for an event to occur), and hence quantum blocktime is a non-classical functionality for operating in diverse spatiotemporal regimes. Thinking is a rule-based activity that is unrestricted by medium. Central to thinking is concepts, which are referenced by words. Word-types include universals, particulars, and indexicals which can be encoded into a formal system as thought-tokens, and registered to blockchains. Blockchains are contemplated as an automation technology for asteroid mining and space settlement construction, and thought-tokening adds an intelligence layer. Time and tokenized thinking come together in the idea of smart networks in space. In blockchain quantum smart networks, spatiotemporal regimes and thought-tokens are simply different value types (asset classes) coordinated with blockchain logic, towards the aim of extending human capabilities into the farther reaches of space.
Cryptography, entanglement, and quantum blocktime: Quantum computing offers a more scalable energy-efficient platform than classical computing and supercomputing, and corresponds more naturally to the three-dimensional structure of atomic reality. Blockchains are a decentralized digital economic system made possible by the 24-7 global nature of the internet.
Quantum Neuroscience: CRISPR for Alzheimer’s, Connectomes & Quantum BCIsMelanie Swan
This talk provides an introduction to quantum computing and how it may be deployed to study the human brain and its diseases of pathology and aging. Refined to its present state over centuries, the brain is one of the most complex systems known, with 86 billion neurons and 242 trillion synapses connected in intricate patterns and rewired by synaptic plasticity. Research continues to illuminate the mysteries of the brain. Quantum computing provides a more capacious architecture with greater scalability and energy efficiency than current methods of classical computing and supercomputing, and more naturally corresponds to the three-dimensional structure of atomic reality. The vision for quantum neuroscience is to model the nature of the brain exactly as it is, in three-dimensional atomically-accurate representations. Neuroscience (particularly genetic disease modeling, connectomics, and synaptomics) could be the “killer application” of quantum computing. Implementations in other industries are also important, including in quantum finance, quantum cryptography using Shor’s factoring algorithm (“the Y2K of Crypto”), Grover’s search, quantum chemistry, eigensolvers, quantum machine learning, and continuous-time quantum walks. Quantum computing is a high-profile worldwide scientific endeavor with platforms currently available via cloud services (IBM Q 27-qubit, IonQ 32-qubit, Rigetti 19Q Acorn) and is in the process of being applied in various industries including computational neuroscience.
Art Theory: Two Cultures Synthesis of Art and ScienceMelanie Swan
Thesis: Aesthetic resources contribute broadly to the human endeavor of progress, self-understanding, and science, beyond the immediate experience of art. Aesthetic Resources are frameworks, concepts, and modes of expression in art, literature, and philosophy that capture the imagination and the intellect through the senses. The role of art is to inspire the future: the romance of the sea, the open road, space.
The arts are a hallmark of civilization, but can their benefit be crystallized as aesthetic resources that can be mobilized to new situations? How can aesthetic resources help in moments of crisis?
A worldwide social identity crisis has been provoked by pandemic recovery, politics, equity, and environmental sustainability. Philosophical and aesthetic resources can help. Understanding art as a reflection of who we are as individuals and groups, this talk explores conceptualizations of art, with examples, in different periodizations from the 1800s to the present. A marquis definition as to what constitutes an artwork is Adorno’s, for whom the work must promulgate its own natural law and engage in novel materials manipulation. For many theorists, art is the pressing of our self-concept into concrete materiality (whether pyramids, sculpture, or painting). What do contemporary periodizations of art mean to our current and forward-looking self-concept? Recent eras include the neo-avant-gardes of 1945, the conceptual art of the 1960s, and post-conceptual art starting in the 1970s, produced generatively with found materials, the digital domain, and audience interactivity. What is the now-current idea of art? Is today’s Baudelairian flâneur and Balzacian modern hero incarnated in the quantum aesthetic imaginary and the digital cryptocitizen? Far from an “end of art” thesis sometimes attributed to Hegel, aesthetic practices are more relevant than ever. Individually and societally, we are reinventing creative energy and productive imagination in venues from science, technology, health, and biology to the arts.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
2. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus 1
Melanie Swan, Blockchain Scholar
Founder, Institute for Blockchain Studies
Singularity University Instructor, EDGE Contributor
IEET Affiliate Scholar
Swan, M. Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. Sebastopol CA: O'Reilly Media, 2015.
Swan, M. We Should Consider The Future World As One Of Multi-Species Intelligence. Response to The Edge Question 2015: What do you
think about machines that think? John Brockman, Ed., 2015.
Swan, M. Cognitive Applications of the Brain as a DAC. Cognitive Science 2015: The Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Mind,
Technology, and Society, Pasadena CA, July 2015. submitted.
Swan, M. Philosophy of Big Data: Expanding the Human-Data Relation with Big Data Science Services. IEEE BigDataService 2015,
Redwood City CA, Mar 31-Apr 2, 2015.
Swan, M. Blockchain Thinking: The Brain as a DAC (Decentralized Autonomous Corporation). Texas Bitcoin Conference, Austin TX, March
27-29, 2015.
Swan, M. Machine ethics interfaces: An ethics of perception of nanorobot-aided cognition. Journal of Responsible Innovation. submitted.
Traditional Markets,
Science, Arts Background
New Vision
Source: http://melanieswan.com/publications.htm
3. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus 2
Blockchain (non-technical overview of blockchain possibilities)
What people are saying…
#mindblowing – SD
Intriguing - JH
Great to read your book! Willing to transform
your ideas to real life – AW
I find it amazing … a good mix of explanation
about state-of-the-art products as well as
visionary ideas. I was waiting for awhile for this
kind of book – JM
A compelling and unique overview of the
possibilities – DC
Thank you for helping bring about a new era in
finance – JW
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
4. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Diverse Protocols
3
https://twitter.com/matteastwood/status/594603199685926913/photo/1
5. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Future: Diverse Consensus Protocols, why?
4
Key cryptography problems in distributed
networks remain unsolved or solutions
untested at a robust scale
BFT (Byzantine fault tolerance): network
coordination despite faulty nodes
Sybil attack: distributed network flooded with
forged identities
One size consensus does not fit all apps
POW mining not the best consensus protocol
for enterprise blockchain apps that need
Faster, cheaper settlement
Legal identity verification
Greater scalability, performance
6. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Bitcoin/FinTech Investment Growth
5
https://angel.co/bitcoin, http://thefinanser.co.uk/fsclub/2015/02/the-fintech-scene-is-so-hot-its-boiling.html
http://thenextweb.com/insider/2015/04/16/bitcoin-is-the-worlds-most-dangerous-idea/
Silicon Valley Bank: Global
investment in FinTech is set to
double from $10 billion in 2014
to $19.7 billion in 2015, and
reach $46.1 billion by 2020
2012
$2m $96m $350m $106m
2013 2014 1Q2015
7. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Gartner Emerging Technology Hype Cycle
6
http://thenextweb.com/insider/2015/04/16/bitcoin-is-the-worlds-most-dangerous-idea/
Cryptocurrencies added July 2014
8. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Enterprise Blockchain Apps by Sector (selected)
7
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Crucial Blockchain Properties
• Cryptoledger
• Decentralized network
• Trustless
counterparties
• Independent
consensus-confirmed
transactions
• Permanent record
• Public records
repository
• Notarization time-
stamping hashes
• Universal format
• Accessibility
Government
& Legal
• Transnational orgs
• Personalized
governance services
• Voting, propositions
• P2P bonds, land titles
• Tele-attorney services
• IP registration and
exchange
• Tax receipts
• Notary service and
document registry
Markets
• Currency
• Payments &
Remittance
• Banking & Finance
• Clearing &
Settlement
• Insurance
• FinTech
• Trading & Derivatives
• QA & Internal Audit
• Crowdfunding
IOT
• Agricultural & drone
sensor networks
• Smarthome networks
• Integrated smartcity,
connected car,
smarthome sensors
• Self-driving car
• Personalized robots,
robotic companions
• Personalized drones
• Digital assistants
• Communication
(messaging)
• Large-scale
coordination
• Entity ingress/egress
• Transaction security
• Universal format
• Large-scale multi-
data-stream
integration
• Privacy and security
Real-time
accessibility
Health
• Universal EMR
• Health databanks
• QS Data Commons
• Big health data
stream analytics
• Digital health wallet
• Smart property
• HealthToken
• Personal
development
contracts
• Large-scale
infrastructural
element for
coordination
• Checks-and-
balances system
for ‘good-player’
access
• Community
supercomputing
• Crowd analysis
• P2P resourcenets
• Film, dataviz
• AI: blockchain
advocates, friendly
AI, blockchain
learners, digital
mindfile services
Science,
Art, AI
10. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Byzantine Generals Problem
Several divisions of the Byzantine army are camped
outside an enemy city, each division commanded by its
own general. The generals can communicate with one
another only by messenger. They must decide upon a
common plan of action. However, some of the generals
may be traitors, trying to prevent the loyal generals from
reaching agreement. The generals must have an algorithm
to guarantee that
A. All loyal generals decide upon the same plan of action
The loyal generals will all do what the algorithm says they
should, but the traitors may do anything they wish. The
algorithm must guarantee condition A regardless of what
the traitors do. The loyal generals need to reach agreement
and agree on a reasonable plan that also insures that
B. A small number of traitors cannot cause the loyal
generals to adopt a bad plan
9
Lamport, Shostack and Pease, "the Byzantine Generals Problem", ACM Transactions on Programming Languages
and Systems,Vol.4, No. 3, July 1982, Pages 382-401. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=357176
11. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Byzantine Generals Problem, Byzantine Fault
Tolerance (BFT), Byzantine Agreement (BA)
Distributed network security problem
Problem: achieving consensus in a distributed network
with potentially faulty nodes; how to coordinate among
distributed nodes to come up with a consensus
(common view of the world) that is resistant to attackers
trying to undermine that consensus
Important consensus system properties in a distributed
system or distributed algorithm
Safety: require that “something bad will never happen”
Liveness: require that “something good will eventually happen,”
the system makes progress (example: eventual consistency)
10
12. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Approaches to Consensus/BFT
11
Byzantine Agreement Protocol (synchronous)
Microsoft/Lamport: Paxos (state machine replication)
Google: Chubby (serve strongly consistent files)
POW (Bitcoin) ‘Nakamoto Consensus’ – expensive,
high latency
POS (Tendermint) – requires resource ownership, risk
of ‘nothing-at-stake’ attacks per revoked escrow
Pebble: ARBC (Asynchronous Randomized Byzantine
Consensus)
UT: BAR (Byzantine, altruistic, rational) protocol
Stellar: SCP Quorum Slicing
Other: Prediction Markets (Augur), Meta (Factom)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/lorenzo/papers/sosp05.pdf
13. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
POW ‘Nakamoto Consensus’ Shortcomings
Sybil attack-resistant compromise for
decentralized consensus but not the final
solution for distributed network fault-tolerant
security for scalability and performance, key
issues:
1. Expensive, excessive energy consumption
2. Poor scalability for widespread blockchain use
especially for IOT
3. Slow: high latency (1-10 minutes to confirm
transactions); only eventually consistent
12
https://medium.com/a-stellar-journey/on-worldwide-consensus-359e9eb3e949
http://crypto.stanford.edu/seclab/sem-14-15/williams.html
14. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Pebble: Asynchronous Randomized
Byzantine Consensus (Concept)
13
http://crypto.stanford.edu/seclab/sem-14-15/williams.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iEgjqIMtVQ
Asynchronous Byzantine consensus for
decentralized networks using cryptographic
randomness, combine
Nakamoto chains (randomness source, Merkle
roots log) with …
conventional consensus techniques (produce
consensus by agreeing upon data transitions
through a new generation of highly-tuned and
optimized conventional consensus protocols) to …
produce fast and scalable decentralized networks
15. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Pebble: Asynchronous Randomized
Byzantine Consensus (Method features)
14
FLP: Fischer, Lynch and Patterson Friedman et al. 2003. Simple and efficient oracle-based consensus protocols for asynchronous
Byzantine systems. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=1353024 Maji et all. Exploring the limits of common
coins using frontier analysis of protocols. 2011. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1987298
Asynchronous (resist attack)
Fully asynchronous (no timing assumptions) and
leader-free (no one node orchestrates)
Randomized (improve efficiency)
Address FLP impossibility result (in asynchronous
networks, if only one node fails, cannot be sure
remaining nodes will reach consensus)
Randomized protocols get around this by
terminating with a probability approaching 1
Need a common source of randomness, so use
blockchains (constant source of randomness;
cannot predict who finds the next hash) to organize
the network
Use deterministic homomorphic threshold
signatures to create cryptographic randomness
without having a trusted dealer
16. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Pebble: Asynchronous Randomized
Byzantine Consensus (Example)
15
http://crypto.stanford.edu/seclab/sem-14-15/williams.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iEgjqIMtVQ
Fast-throughput (achieve scalability)
Run massive numbers of binary leader-free
asynchronous randomized consensus protocols
in parallel to quickly agree a combined data set
from the inputs of large numbers of processes
Proof of concept
Focus on messaging efficiency, decentralized
network scalability and confirmation speed
Enable 500 distributed processes to
simultaneously present their data sets to the
group and quickly reach strongly consistent
agreement on an accepted superset
Pass only 0.5-1MB of protocol messages
A network reaching consensus every 5
seconds would have spare bandwidth to
process many thousands of transactions per
second
17. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
UT BAR (Byzantine, altruistic, rational)
16
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/lorenzo/papers/sosp05.pdf
Concept: granular model of good agent behavior
Altruistic and rational nodes participating in a
cooperative system will try to maximize their utility, and
broadcast information in predicable, reliable phases
No node is guaranteed to follow the suggested protocol
The actions of most nodes are guided by self interest
Some nodes may be categorically broken
Objective: develop Byzantine, altruistic, rational fault-
tolerant system for cooperative services
18. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Stellar: Quorum Slicing (Concept)
17
https://medium.com/a-stellar-journey/on-worldwide-consensus-359e9eb3e949
Objective: distributed consensus
Nodes update their states/ledgers
Avoid Byzantine failure (when individual nodes act
arbitrarily, maliciously or not)
Distinguish between
Quorum: the set of nodes required to reach
agreement across the whole system
Quorum Slice: the subset of a quorum that can
convince one particular node of agreement
Result: federated network of quorum slices,
continually testing the network
Do not need to trust the whole system/network, just
your neighbors, you do not know who to trust
initially, join the network, and try before you trust, the
system grows organically, each party makes a slice
of others from the whole to trust
19. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Federated Quorum Slice Network
18
https://medium.com/a-stellar-journey/on-worldwide-consensus-359e9eb3e949
Resilient network
Overall network health is preserved even if there are a few
bad nodes, and some good nodes slicing the bad nodes
Unanimous consent from the complete set of system nodes is
not required to reach agreement, or tolerate faulty nodes
20. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Stellar graphic novel explains Quorum Slicing
19
https://www.stellar.org/stories/adventures-in-galactic-consensus-chapter-1/
21. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Stellar: Context of Byzantine Agreement
20
https://medium.com/a-stellar-journey/on-worldwide-consensus-359e9eb3e949
Traditional Byzantine agreement protocol (BAP)
Membership is set by a central authority or closed
negotiation (Sybil attack-resistant)
Update BAP for decentralized group admission
Ripple: publish a ‘starter’ membership list that participants
can edit for themselves
Divergent lists invalidate network safety; users fail to update
Tendermint: base membership on proof of stake
Ties trust to resource ownership; revoked escrow attacks
Stellar: open membership, participants affirm trust
Quorum is still vulnerable to Sybil attack, malicious parties can join
many times and outnumber honest nodes. So majority-based quorums
do not work, but a federated network of quorum slices can
Each node selects and tests quorum slices based on safety and
liveness; voting to accept statements (of network state)
23. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Prediction Market Voting as Consensus
22
http://tendermint.com/posts/security-of-cryptocurrency-protocols/
http://tendermint.com/docs/tendermint.pdf
Concept: achieve agreement through human
voting via prediction markets - not just a
betting tool, a wisdom-of-crowds opinion-
logging tool, collect millions of opinions in RT
Bitcoin/Blockchain Prediction Markets
Fairlay
Augur (all contracts live on Ethereum testnet)
Trustless Oracle/Event Derivatives
TruthCoin
Governance Prediction Markets
Futarchy: 1) vote on outcome 2) run prediction
market to vote on plans for achieving the outcome
24. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Derrida: Ontology of Joycean Consensus
23
Derrida. Ulysses Gramophone: Hear Say Yes In Joyce. Pp. 267, 296.
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Affirmation is not solo, “saying yes” is dependent
upon another to hear it and acknowledge receipt
The affirmation relation is totalization-resisting, the
affirming and acknowledging parties, and the yes
itself, remain distinct
“The two responses refer to each other without having any
relationship between them. The two sign yet prevent the
signature from gathering itself together [totalizing].”
The yes “addresses itself to some other which it does not constitute”
The yes avoids its own totalization, “The yes, by responding and
countersigning, does not let itself be counted or discounted
[totalized].”
Well-formed consensus: preserve the integrity of
entities in network of ad-hoc reciprocal relations
25. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
2 Groups of Crypto Projects and Consensus:
Permissioned and Permissionless Ledgers
24
Swanson, T. (2015). Consensus as a service: a brief report on the emergence of permissioned, distributed ledger systems
http://www.ofnumbers.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Permissioned-distributed-ledgers.pdf
Enduser
• Censorship-resistant
• ‘Brave new world’ apps
• Anonymous validators (network
vulnerable to anonymous attack)
Enterprise
• Identity-confirmed
• ‘Reinvent the existing world’
efficiency improvement apps
• Official legal registry
Stellar
26. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Evolving Dapp Ecosystem
25
Dapp: Decentralized Application
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Project Name and URL Activity Centralized
Equivalent
OpenBazaar https://openbazaar.org Buy/sell items locally Craigslist
Twister http://twister.net.co, Gems http://getgems.org
Reveal http://rvl.rvl.is/, BitCloud http://bitcloudproject.org/
RetroShare http://retroshare.sourceforge.net/
Project Groundhog https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFeJYv3PSaI
Social networking, peer-to-peer
microblogging, messaging; private
token-based social messaging
Facebook, Twitter
Bitmessage https://bitmessage.org Secure messaging (individual or
broadcast)
SMS services
LaZooz http://lazooz.org On-demand ride service Uber, Lyft
Storj http://storj.io/
Maidsafe http://maidsafe.net/
IPFS http://ipfs.io/
File storage, file serving Dropbox, Google
Drive
Onename https://onename.com/
BitID https://github.com/bitid/bitid
Bithandle http://www.hackathon.io/bithandle
Digital identity verification VeriFone, Verisign,
Facebook
Provenance https://www.provenance.org/ Supply chain management Oracle, SAP
Mist (Ethereum)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgNjs_WaFSc
ProTip Add-on https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/protip-peer-
to-peer-tipping-for-the-web
Dapp browser Chrome, Firefox,
Internet Explorer
27. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Enterprise Blockchain Apps by Sector (selected)
26
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Crucial Blockchain Properties
• Cryptoledger
• Decentralized network
• Trustless
counterparties
• Independent
consensus-confirmed
transactions
• Permanent record
• Public records
repository
• Notarization time-
stamping hashes
• Universal format
• Accessibility
Government
& Legal
• Transnational orgs
• Personalized
governance services
• Voting, propositions
• P2P bonds, land titles
• Tele-attorney services
• IP registration and
exchange
• Tax receipts
• Notary service and
document registry
Markets
• Currency
• Payments &
Remittance
• Banking & Finance
• Clearing &
Settlement
• Insurance
• FinTech
• Trading & Derivatives
• QA & Internal Audit
• Crowdfunding
IOT
• Agricultural & drone
sensor networks
• Smarthome networks
• Integrated smartcity,
connected car,
smarthome sensors
• Self-driving car
• Personalized robots,
robotic companions
• Personalized drones
• Digital assistants
• Communication
(messaging)
• Large-scale
coordination
• Entity ingress/egress
• Transaction security
• Universal format
• Large-scale multi-
data-stream
integration
• Privacy and security
Real-time
accessibility
Health
• Universal EMR
• Health databanks
• QS Data Commons
• Big health data
stream analytics
• Digital health wallet
• Smart property
• HealthToken
• Personal
development
contracts
• Large-scale
infrastructural
element for
coordination
• Checks-and-
balances system
for ‘good-player’
access
• Community
supercomputing
• Crowd analysis
• P2P resourcenets
• Film, dataviz
• AI: blockchain
advocates, friendly
AI, blockchain
learners, digital
mindfile services
Science,
Art, AI
28. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Financial and Public Records Applications
Financial instruments
1. Currency
2. Private equities
3. Public equities
4. Bonds
5. Derivatives Commodities
6. Spending records
7. Trading records
8. Mortgage/loan records
9. Servicing records
10. Crowdfunding
11. Microfinance
27
http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour
Public Records
1. Land titles
2. Vehicle registries
3. Business incorporations
4. Criminal records
5. Passports
6. Birth certificates
7. Death certificates
8. Voter Registration
9. Voting Records
10. Health/safety inspections
11. Building permits
12. Court records
29. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Insurance
Argument
Most of world is underserved
Current insurance is inaccurately expensive and
payout is unpredictable (when/whether/to what extent
claim is accepted)
Smart contract-based insurance
Financial security: predictable payout terms and timing
Peer-to-peer insurance
Peer-evaluated and peer-adjudicated health claims
Dynamis www.dynamisapp.com, BitSilk https://twitter.com/bitsilk
Collaborative risk modeling
Drought experts invest in peer-based crop insurance
pools (unites wisdom-of-crowds expertise)
28
30. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
What is Smart Property?
Register assets to blockchain via unique key
Real-time GPS ‘LoJack’ tracking for any asset
Blockchain becomes an inventory, tracking,
and exchange mechanism for all hard assets
Smart Property Applications
Drug and equipment inventory (example: Blocktrace
ledger tracks diamonds); equipment servicing records
On-demand real-time equipment inventories
Supply chain provenance (provenance.org)
Test results logged as smart property
Digital authentication and real-time keyless entry
OpenBazaar health exchange markets (equipment)
29
https://openbazaar.org/, http://www.edgelogic.net/blocktrace, Provenance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqIUBn80pg4
A decentralized CraigsList
31. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
What is are Smart Contracts?
30
Agreements between parties posted to the
blockchain for automated execution
Examples
Bet on high temperature tomorrow
Inheritance pay-out at age 21 or death of benefactor
Mortgage with automatic interest-rate resets
Blockchain-based Greek tax receipts in Ricardian
Contracts (Yanis Varoufakis)
Code: Ethereum and Eris
https://github.com/ethereum/
https://erisindustries.com/
https://eng.erisindustries.com/smart%20contracts/2014/12/17/dennys-smart-contracting/ ,
http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/1402/how-to-get-started-your-first-dapp-under-one-hour,
http://financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001555.html
32. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain IOT
31
http://www.zdnet.com/article/internet-of-things-market-to-hit-7-1-trillion-by-2020-idc/,
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
https://gigaom.com/2014/09/09/check-out-ibms-proposal-for-an-internet-of-things-architecture-using-bitcoins-block-chain-tech/
M2M/IOT Bitcoin payment network to
enable the machine economy & mThings
The economic layer the web never had
IOT 2020: 26 bn devices in a $7 tn market
IOT agricultural and environmental
sensors posting to blockchains
Quantifying processes; insurance data
Smartcity orchestration
Example project: IBM Adept
Blockchain + Messaging + BitTorrent
Communication + coordination mechanism
Scale from thousands to millions of sensors
Smartcity Infrastructure
and Connected Car
Orchestration
IOT Sensor and Drone
Agricultural Monitoring
33. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Smarthome IOT
32
http://www.amazon.com/Bitcoin-Blueprint-New-World-Currency/dp/1491920491
Smarthome IOT networks
Tool for managing device proliferation
Provide security and privacy of sensitive
smarthome data: physical and mental health,
product consumption
Devices: personal robotics, digital health
assistants, artificial companions, health
optimizers, quantified self-tracking
wearables, smartwatch, Fitbit, health tracker
With permissioning, smarthome, connected
car, smartcity infrastructure to provide daily
health check for the whole populace,
including quality-of-life mental state
Personal Robotics
Coordination
Smarthome IOT: Hue Go
Wireless Smartlighting and
Amazon Dash Button
34. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchains: Global and Liberty-enhancing
33
Global governance for transnational organizations
WikiLeaks, ICANN, Wikipedia
Benefits of blockchain administration
Uplift to cloud from local jurisdictional regulations
Universal administration mechanism for global organizations
Structure promotes transparency, accountability, freedom
Namecoin: decentralized DNS
http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2010/12/07/visa-mastercard-move-to-choke-wikileaks/
Snowden Affair
35. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Government
Opt-in Personalized Government
Composting vs education
Smart property land-titling, reputation-
based ID system, voting, dispute
resolution, national income distribution,
public documents registry
Neighbor.ly
Self-directed community bonds
Precedentcoin
Crowdsourced legal services, justice
entrepreneurs, blockchain arbitration
Sidekik
On-demand tele-attorney, private police
34
http://www.bitnation.co/, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/,
https://bitcoinmagazine.com/19813/sidekik-decentralized-video-streaming-storage/
World’s First Blockchain Marriage:
David Mondrus and Joyce Bayo, October
5, 2014, Disney World FL, Coins in the
Kingdom Bitcoin Conference, Jeffrey
Tucker (Liberty.me) presiding
36. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Representation and Voting
Futarchy, two-step program
1. Traditional vote on outcomes (ex: GDP)
2. Prediction markets to determine specific
proposals for achieving the outcome
Delegative democracy (Liquid Democracy)
Voting power temporarily vested in
delegates not long-term representatives
Group proposition development
Random Sample Elections
Randomly selected individuals vote on a
single issue, blockchain orchestration
35
https://bitcoinmagazine.com/17066/first-blockchain-wedding-2/,
http://www.bitnation-blog.com/latest-update-dec-22nd-2014/
37. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Legal
Notary Service, Attestation
Register contracts, agreements, wills (Proof of Existence, Factom)
Register, protect, and transact IP (Monegraph, Ascribe)
How it works
Hash + timestamp + blockchain record
36
http://www.proofofexistence.com/
39. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Health
Universal EMR: finally ‘health XML’?
Personal health records stored and administered via blockchain
Users key-permission doctors and other parties into records
Apple HealthKit, Bluehub Health, Google Health (concept)
Health Databanks and Research Commons
Aggregated personal medical records, quantified self data
commons, genome and connectome files
Health Document Notary Services
Proof-of-insurance, test results, prescriptions, status, diagnoses,
conditions, treatments, physician referrals
Doctor Vendor RFP Services
Doctors and health practices bid to supply medical services;
automated bidding via health exchanges (OpenBazaar)
38
http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html
40. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Big Health Data
Proprietary genomic datasets and cloud-based tools
Baylor College of Medicine (3,751 whole human genomes (of 7
bn) and 10,771 exomes (440 terabytes) as of 2013)
Decentralized projects: big data access + query tools for
scalability, practicality, privacy, liberty, and RT availability
DNA.bits (www.dna-bits.com) blockchain-based
Large genetic dataset access with correlated clinical records
Dexter (dexter.stanford.edu)
Enduser-targeted, browser-based, domain-independent, structured-
data explorer; run big data queries from browser
CrowdMed (www.crowdmed.com) crowdsourced disease diagnosis
Enlitic (http://www.enlitic.com/) disease diagnosis via deep-learning
39
http://futurememes.blogspot.fr/2014/09/blockchain-health-remunerative-health.html
41. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Digital Health Wallet
40
Private key identity card + EMR +
health insurance info + payment data
Use HealthToken to pay for services
42. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Literacy
‘Bitcoin MOOCs,’ ‘Kiva for literacy’
Peer-to-peer learning contracts; technical,
agricultural, vocational literacy certification
Global P2P giving: CommonCollection
Chain-based personal development contracts
QS-biometric utility function imputation and tracking
Maslow chains, subjectivation and actualization
chains
Development Economics 2.0
Literacy contracts, remittances, blockchain-tracked
aid, microcredit, decentralized credit bureaus
Open-source FICO scores
Peer-vouching reputation communities
Most of world: inadequate banking, insurance, credit
41
43. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Art
42
Rio, Tel Aviv, Hamburg, Barcelona, Seoul, Tokyo, New York
http://bitfilm.com/festival.html
44. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain Art
43
http://cryptoart.com/
Fine art paper wallets
45. May 6, 2015
Blockchain Consensus
Summary
44
Current status of blockchain industry development…
…investor interest shifting from speculative to strategic
…innovation in Byzantine consensus protocols to help
decentralized networks scale up and become highly
performant, possibly faster than centralized networks
…articulation of sector-specific enterprise blockchain
applications in markets, finance, banking, clearing,
trading, insurance, and supply chain tracking;
government and legal services; IOT; science and health