This document provides information about bladder cancer, including its definition, causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. Bladder cancer most often presents as transitional or papillary tumors in the bladder lining that may infiltrate the bladder wall. Diagnostic evaluations include cystoscopy, urine cytology, and imaging tests to stage the cancer. Treatment involves surgical resection of superficial tumors, radical cystectomy for invasive tumors, and intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy to prevent recurrence.

1. Well come

2. Presentedby
Mr. CHETAN R SANGATI
IInd YEAR M.Sc (N)

3. INTRODUCTION
Most bladder cancer are transitional or
papillary tumours in the bladder urothelium.
These tumours may infiltrate the bladder
wall. Bladder cancer is the most frequent
neoplasm of the cancer cases in men and 2%
in women.

4. Definition:
It is the malignancy of the urinary bladder.
INCIDENCES:
54,400 are new cases
1,500 are the associated deaths

5. CAUSES:
• Unknown
• Cigarette smoking
• Prolonged expose to certain substances such as
antiline dayes, asbestoses, aromatic amines
• Expose to cyclophosamide, radiation therapy
to the pelvis
• Chronic variation of the bladder(indwelling
catheterization
• Excessive use of the analgesic drugs
,phenacetion

6. Pathophsiology:
Due to related etiological factors
Pre malignant proliferation changes are found in
the transitional cell layer called as dysplasia
It refers to abnormal cell configuration found in
several degree of severity
Carcinoma insite develops

7. Metastasis of these carcinoma to bladder
Lymph nod to transfer to the other organ such as
pelvis organs ,rectum, abdominal and thoracic
organs

8. Clinical manifestation
• Pain less hematuria
• Dysuria
• Frequency
• Urgency
• Bladder irritability
• Pelvic or hank pain
• Leg oedema

9. Diagnostic evaluation
• Cystoscopy: for visualization of bladder, location
and appearances of tumour for biopsy
• Urine and bladder washing for cytological
study
• Urine for fold cystoscopy: use a computer –
controlled fluorescence microscope to scan
and image the nucleus of each cell on a slide
based on the fact that cancer cells contains
abnormally large amount of DNA

10. • TO EVALUVATE FOR METASTIC DISEASE:
CT Scan or MRI: To evaluate extent of disease
and tumours responsiveness
Chest X-ray: to evaluate for pulmonary
metastases
Pelvic lymphadenopathy

11. MANAGEMENT:
• Surgical management:
 Transurethral resection:- endoscopic
resection for superficial tumors
Partial cystectomy:- when vision are located
only in the dome of the bladder , away from
the uretral orifices.
Radical cystectomy( removal of bladder) for
invasive or poorly differentiated tumors

12. • INTRAVESICAL( WITH IN THE
BLADDER) Chemotherapy:-
Instillation of antineoplastic agents such as
thioepa, mitomycin –c ,doxorubicilin,to
minimize systemic toxicity.
Instillation of immunotherapeutic agents
BCG stimulate immune response to prevent
recurrence of transitional cell bladder tumours

13. • Systemic chemotherapy:- with doxorubicin
and cisplation
• Radiation therapy:- external beam
radiation therapy in commonly used in
combination with chemotherapy

14. THANK YOU