3. Definition of DNA polymerase
“DNA Polymerase are a group of enzymes that
catalyze the synthesis of DNA during replication”
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of
enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA
molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the
molecular precursors of DNA. These enzymes are
essential for DNA replication and usually work in
groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a
single original DNA duplex.
6. REPLICATION
The main function of the DNA polymerase is to synthesize
DNA by the process of replication. It is an important process
to maintain and transfer genetic information from one
generation to another. DNA polymerase works in pairs,
replicating two strands of DNA in tandem. They add
deoxyribonucleotides at the 3’-OH group of the growing DNA
strand the DNA strand grows by 5’ 3’ direction by there
polymerization activity. Adenine pairs with thymine and
guanine pairs with cytosine. DNA polymerases cannot
initiate the replication process and they need a printer to add
to the nucleotides
7. REPAIR
The replication process is a humongous
task and it is important to maintain the
integrity of the genome. Apart from
replication errors in the genome due to
DNA damage. There are various
mechanisms by which DNA is repaired
8. Proofreading
DNA replication is not perfect and there occurs an
error after every 10^4 to 10^5 nucleotides are added.
Removing the incorrect nucleotide sequence or
mismatched nucleotides from the newly synthesized
strand is very important for the functionality of
proteins, which can even lead to cancer. DNA
polymerases remove incorrect pairs by exonuclease
activity. They move one step back and remove the
mismatched pair by 3’ 5’ exonuclease activity. This
is known as proofreading
9. Its main function is to accurately and
efficiently replicate the genome in
order to ensure the maintenance
of the genetic information and its
faithful transmission through
generations.
The main function of DNA
Polymerase
10. Synthesis is the composition or
combination of parts or elements
so as to form a whole
SYNTHESIS
is the other term for POLYMERASE
