Biosecurity by Aamir Sukhera.pdf by ash rana
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Biosecurity aims to protect poultry from disease through various methods. It has three pillars - conceptual, structural, and operational biosecurity. Effective biosecurity is important to prevent lethal diseases and reduce other pathogens. Key aspects of biosecurity include controlling access by people, vehicles, water, feed, litter, wild birds, rodents and insects. Strict hygiene protocols and vaccination programs also help prevent disease challenges common in many Asian countries like open livestock markets and transportation. Proper implementation of biosecurity requires addressing multiple disease transmission routes and clear communication.
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Biosecurity part-1 by Aamir Sukhera.pdf my ash Rana
Biosecurity part-1 by Aamir Sukhera.pdf my ash related to poultry farm and livestock sale to save African swine fever (ASF) is considered one of the most dreaded diseases of swine. Unlike for most other transboundary animal diseases (TADs), no vaccines or drugs are available to prevent or treat ASF infection. Therefore, it is particularly important that ASF-free areas are maintained free through strict prevention and control measures. Measures can be taken at the institutional or at the individual level, e.g. the farmer, the middleman, the butcher, etc.
The following is a summary of those measures, which can be summarized in one word: biosecurity. In order to understand what measures will be most effective, it is key to bear in mind that ASF spreads mainly through the movement of infected pork and other animal products, as well as live animals. The measures below are listed in chronological order from the times when the infection is not present and needs to be prevented, to the actions that are needed when the disease is already in your area. Biosecurity, in any case, always applies.
1. Regulatory and quarantine services should be equipped to effectively intercept foodstuffs and other risk materials at international airports, seaports and border crosses. Confiscated risk materials should be destroyed or disposed, and not dumped where it can be accessed by scavengers (animals and humans). Past events suggest that particular attention should be paid when disposing of waste food from aircraft, ships or vehicles from infected countries.
2. Swill feeding (kanin baboy or damog): Swill feeding is a very high risk route of introduction of several diseases into healthy populations. An effective ban on swill feeding would be ideal, but compliance at household level is unlikely, since it would defeat one of the main motivations for keeping pigs, i.e. minimum feed inputs thanks to swill feeding or scavenging. In any case, pigs should not be fed swill that might contain pork, and swill should be boiled for 30 minutes.
3. Containment of pigs: The construction of pig sties under hygienic conditions should be encouraged. Also, perimeter fencing will prevent the spread of disease from domestic pigs to wildlife and wild pigs (and feral pigs) and vice versa. Authorities should discourage pig production systems based on scavenging, which allows pigs to access potentially infected garbage and contact with wild boar. However, as with swill feeding, traditional ways of keeping pigs will not easily change, as many producers will not find it worthwhile to confine (and feed) their pigs.
4. Cleaning and disinfection: Equipment and premises should be periodically cleaned and disinfected. Organic matter should be cleaned from sheds, equipment, vehicles, etc. before disinfection. Vehicles and personnel (shoes, equipment, etc.) should be disinfected on entering and leaving farms. Proven effective disinfectants include detergents, hypochlorites, alkalis and glutaraldehyde.
Biosecurity part-3.pdf by ash rana
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Biosecurity refers to protecting poultry from disease-causing organisms. There are three types of biosecurity: conceptual, structural, and operational. Conceptual biosecurity involves isolating farms in remote areas. Structural biosecurity uses fences and facilities for waste disposal. Operational biosecurity maintains visitor logs and requires farm clothing changes. Pathogens spread through fecal-oral, aerosol, mechanical vectors, and biological vectors. A good biosecurity program focuses on isolation, traffic control, and sanitation to prevent disease transmission.
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Disease prevention is important for both commercial and small poultry flocks. Effective biosecurity practices can help keep diseases out of flocks. If a disease does break through, ensuring chickens have strong immunity can limit losses. Many common poultry diseases like coccidiosis, infectious coryza, and Marek's disease are controlled through vaccination and sanitation practices. Developing and following a biosecurity program is key to preventing disease entry and keeping small flocks healthy.
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Coccidiosis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Eimeria that infect the intestinal tract of poultry. There are seven species that commonly infect chickens. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction within intestinal cells causing damage before being shed in feces. Clinical signs include diarrhea, poor growth, and decreased egg production. Post-mortem examination reveals damage to the intestinal lining. Diagnosis involves finding oocysts in feces. Control is through vaccination, anticoccidial drugs, and biosecurity measures to prevent transmission between flocks.
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Growers can implement biosecurity measures to protect their flocks from disease. Biosecurity helps prevent diseases like bursal disease, coccidiosis, fowl cholera, fowl coryza, Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, mycoplasmosis, and salmonellosis. Producers are the first line of defense for food security and should control access to their farm, monitor who and what comes in contact with their birds, and clean and disinfect any shared equipment. Implementing proper biosecurity protocols can help keep diseases out and improve the health and profitability of a flock.
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Biosecurity part-1 by Aamir Sukhera.pdf my ash Rana
Biosecurity part-1 by Aamir Sukhera.pdf my ash related to poultry farm and livestock sale to save African swine fever (ASF) is considered one of the most dreaded diseases of swine. Unlike for most other transboundary animal diseases (TADs), no vaccines or drugs are available to prevent or treat ASF infection. Therefore, it is particularly important that ASF-free areas are maintained free through strict prevention and control measures. Measures can be taken at the institutional or at the individual level, e.g. the farmer, the middleman, the butcher, etc.
The following is a summary of those measures, which can be summarized in one word: biosecurity. In order to understand what measures will be most effective, it is key to bear in mind that ASF spreads mainly through the movement of infected pork and other animal products, as well as live animals. The measures below are listed in chronological order from the times when the infection is not present and needs to be prevented, to the actions that are needed when the disease is already in your area. Biosecurity, in any case, always applies.
1. Regulatory and quarantine services should be equipped to effectively intercept foodstuffs and other risk materials at international airports, seaports and border crosses. Confiscated risk materials should be destroyed or disposed, and not dumped where it can be accessed by scavengers (animals and humans). Past events suggest that particular attention should be paid when disposing of waste food from aircraft, ships or vehicles from infected countries.
2. Swill feeding (kanin baboy or damog): Swill feeding is a very high risk route of introduction of several diseases into healthy populations. An effective ban on swill feeding would be ideal, but compliance at household level is unlikely, since it would defeat one of the main motivations for keeping pigs, i.e. minimum feed inputs thanks to swill feeding or scavenging. In any case, pigs should not be fed swill that might contain pork, and swill should be boiled for 30 minutes.
3. Containment of pigs: The construction of pig sties under hygienic conditions should be encouraged. Also, perimeter fencing will prevent the spread of disease from domestic pigs to wildlife and wild pigs (and feral pigs) and vice versa. Authorities should discourage pig production systems based on scavenging, which allows pigs to access potentially infected garbage and contact with wild boar. However, as with swill feeding, traditional ways of keeping pigs will not easily change, as many producers will not find it worthwhile to confine (and feed) their pigs.
4. Cleaning and disinfection: Equipment and premises should be periodically cleaned and disinfected. Organic matter should be cleaned from sheds, equipment, vehicles, etc. before disinfection. Vehicles and personnel (shoes, equipment, etc.) should be disinfected on entering and leaving farms. Proven effective disinfectants include detergents, hypochlorites, alkalis and glutaraldehyde.
Biosecurity part-3.pdf by ash rana
biosecurity risk is anything that could increase the impacts of pests, diseases, weeds or contaminants on the economy, environment or community. The risk may not directly impact you and your property, but may impact someone else. By law, you must still take steps to address these risks.
Biosecurity of a poultry farm.pptx
Biosecurity refers to protecting poultry from disease-causing organisms. There are three types of biosecurity: conceptual, structural, and operational. Conceptual biosecurity involves isolating farms in remote areas. Structural biosecurity uses fences and facilities for waste disposal. Operational biosecurity maintains visitor logs and requires farm clothing changes. Pathogens spread through fecal-oral, aerosol, mechanical vectors, and biological vectors. A good biosecurity program focuses on isolation, traffic control, and sanitation to prevent disease transmission.
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This document discusses vaccines used to control diseases in various animal species in the UK. It provides lists of the specific diseases controlled by vaccines in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and fish. It then discusses how vaccines work to produce an animal's own defenses without causing disease. The document also covers how vaccine safety and effectiveness are regulated. Several case studies are presented on the use of vaccines for diseases such as clostridial disease in sheep, Aujeszky's disease in pigs, Newcastle disease in poultry, and others. Vaccination protocols are also summarized for dogs, cats, and rabbits.
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Disease prevention is important for both commercial and small poultry flocks. Effective biosecurity practices can help keep diseases out of flocks. If a disease does break through, ensuring chickens have strong immunity can limit losses. Many common poultry diseases like coccidiosis, infectious coryza, and Marek's disease are controlled through vaccination and sanitation practices. Developing and following a biosecurity program is key to preventing disease entry and keeping small flocks healthy.
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Coccidiosis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Eimeria that infect the intestinal tract of poultry. There are seven species that commonly infect chickens. The parasite undergoes asexual reproduction within intestinal cells causing damage before being shed in feces. Clinical signs include diarrhea, poor growth, and decreased egg production. Post-mortem examination reveals damage to the intestinal lining. Diagnosis involves finding oocysts in feces. Control is through vaccination, anticoccidial drugs, and biosecurity measures to prevent transmission between flocks.
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Growers can implement biosecurity measures to protect their flocks from disease. Biosecurity helps prevent diseases like bursal disease, coccidiosis, fowl cholera, fowl coryza, Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, mycoplasmosis, and salmonellosis. Producers are the first line of defense for food security and should control access to their farm, monitor who and what comes in contact with their birds, and clean and disinfect any shared equipment. Implementing proper biosecurity protocols can help keep diseases out and improve the health and profitability of a flock.
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1. The document discusses various bioterrorism agents that can cause pulmonary disease, categorized from A to C based on their ability to be disseminated and cause public health impact.
2. Category A agents like anthrax, plague, and smallpox are easily disseminated and can result in high mortality. Category B agents include Q fever and psittacosis, which are less easily disseminated. Category C includes influenza and SARS.
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This document provides information on managing coccidiosis, a parasitic disease, in natural and organic poultry production. It discusses the life cycle and types of coccidia parasites, how they are transmitted through the environment, symptoms and diagnosis of coccidiosis, and management strategies for control. These include using low-density production systems to allow birds to develop natural immunity, careful brooding management like sanitation and space requirements, and alternatives to drugs such as natural treatments and vaccines. The document aims to help both small-scale and larger organic producers sustainably manage this disease without relying on preventative drugs.
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seminar
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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- 3. BIOSECURITY • “Protection from exposure to disease” • What? • Why? • How?
- 4. “Keeping Pathogens away from your Flocks” “Keeping your Flocks away from Pathogens’’
- 5. Pillars of Biosecurity • Ways& Methods, and Future ideas to protect birds from diseases Conceptual Bio Security • Infrastructure Structural Bio Security Operational Bio Security • Day to day,routine practice
- 6. Biosecurity - why? 1. To keep lethal, highly contagious diseases out of premises e.g. Newcastle disease, avian influenza, or acute Gumboro disease 2. To reduce challenge by common pathogens known to reduce productivity such as E.coli and coccidiosis
- 7. Biosecurity - why? 1.Toreduce or eliminate, background immunosuppressive agents such as Marek’s disease, chicken anaemia or Gumboro disease, which leave birds susceptible to other disease organisms 2.Toreduce contamination with agents of public health significance, such as salmonella or campylobacter
- 8. DISEASE CHALLENGES IN ASIAN COUNTRIES Large number of people working on farms Less automation and unskilled labour Lack of knowledge about Biosecurity Live poultry markets Street slaughtering Open transportation of poultry and feed Domestic birds Improper disposal of dead birds and used litter. Lack of disease control policies High disease pressure
- 9. Open Feed transportation WET Poultry Markets Street slaughtering Open Birds transportation
- 12. • GENERAL ON FARMHYGIEINE • VACCINATION PROGRAMMES • MEDICATION REGIMES • DISEASE MONITORING • EFFECTIVE USE OF DISINFECTANTS Disease Prevention Program
- 13. Air Litter Rodents Wild Birds Pets Equipment Water Feed Insects Vehicles Hatchery People
- 14. JADEED PS FARM JADEED PS FARM
- 15. People who can spread disease • Visitors, farm workers, farm owner, drivers, technicians, vaccination crews, veterinarians etc. • Restriction of unnecessary visitors • Shower In – Shower Out • Wearing dedicated farm clothes and shoes
- 18. Vehicles • Feed delivery vehicles • Hatchery vehicles • Personal / Visitors / Staff / Contractors/ Crew vehicles
- 19. Water • • • • •
- 20. Feed • Physical vector for several pathogens • Feed itself can be contaminated with Bacteria, Fungus and Mycotoxins i-e: salmonella, E.coli, clostridium, Aspergellus • Feed Mill Bio Security? • Pelleting / Hygienizer
- 21. Litter FRESH LITTER • Significant source of diseases especially fungal diseases • Removal of dust from litter • Litter treatment LITTER DISINFECTION NOZZLES
- 22. Equipment • Feeders • Drinkers • Nests • All the Equipment should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before entering in sheds
- 23. INSIDE VIEW FUMIGATION BOX FUMIGATION BEFORE ENTRANCE
- 24. Wild Birds Wild birds can spread many diseases including: • Avian influenza • Newcastle • Salmonella • Mycoplasma • Compylobacter • Other diseases SPREAD DISEASE BY DROPPINGS SYMPTOM LESS CARRIERS
- 25. MIGRATORYBIRDS CROSS NATIONALAND INTERNATIONAL BORDERS TO SPREAD DISEASES
- 26. Anti-perching shockers can be used to control wild birds
- 29. Rodents • Single Rat ……9-18 Kg Feed/year • Carry and spread diseases • Serious damage to insulation and house wiring • Rodents spread diseases to flocks by contaminating poultry living area through droppings and urine
- 30. DISEASES SPREAD BY RODENTS E. coli Coryza Mycoplasma Pasteurella Hemorrhagic enteritis Salmonella
- 31. Rodents are sexually mature at 2-3 months and a single pair can produce thousands in one year Rodent Like these places
- 32. Rodent can spread many diseases and control is very important ⚫Area around sheds should be cleaned and free of vegetation ⚫Bait Stations are very important ⚫There should be no feed, water & shelter for rodents
- 33. SIMPLE BUT VERY EFFECTIVE BAIT STATION BAIT COVER SIMPLE BUT VERY EFFECTIVE BAIT STATION
- 34. Insects • Red mites can cause anemia, reduced production and even mortality • Darkling are vector of viral diseases (such as Gumboro, Marek’s)and bacterial diseases (salmonella, Campylobacter) Routine Insecticide spray around the shed is very important
- 36. For implementation of Biosecurity, communication is very important