A bioreactor is a type of fermentation vessel that is used for the production of various chemicals and biological reactions. It is a closed container with adequate arrangement for aeration, agitation, temperature and pH control, and drain or overflow vent to remove the waste biomass of cultured microorganisms along with their products.
The document discusses bioreactor design. It covers key factors to consider like agitation rate, oxygen transfer, pH, temperature and foam production. Bioreactor design depends on the production organism, optimal operating conditions, product value and scale of production. Design also considers capital investment and running costs. Important aspects of biological processes must be accounted for like substrate and product inhibition, and maintaining optimal biological conditions. General requirements of bioreactors include sterility, mixing, mass transfer, defined flow, substrate feeding and suspension of solids. Control of physicochemical parameters like agitation, mass transfer, temperature regulation and oxygen transport are also discussed.
Bioreactors - Basic Designing and Types.pptxKaviKumar46
A bioreactor is a device that supports a biologically active environment. It is used for growing cells or fermenting chemicals produced by cells. Bioreactors come in various designs depending on their application and scale of production. They provide control over environmental factors like temperature, pH, and aeration to optimize cell growth and product formation. Common bioreactor types include stirred tank, bubble column, packed bed, fluidized bed, and membrane bioreactors. Each bioreactor design aims to efficiently culture cells while controlling critical process parameters.
The document discusses bioreactors, also known as fermenters. It provides information on:
(1) Bioreactors use living cells or enzymes to generate a higher value product from a lower value substrate. They are commonly used for food processing, fermentation, and waste treatment.
(2) Bioreactors can be classified based on the agent used (living cells or enzymes) and process requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, solid state, immobilized cells).
(3) Key functions of bioreactors include agitation, aeration, temperature regulation, and foam control to provide an optimized environment for cell/product growth.
Fermentation in medicinal biotechnologySumitKhandai
This document discusses fermentation in medicinal biotechnology. It describes fermentation as a process used to manufacture various medically important products through microorganisms or mammalian cells in a controlled environment. It outlines different types of fermentation processes including batch, continuous, and fed-batch fermentation. It also discusses various parts of bioreactors used for industrial fermentation like agitation systems, oxygen delivery systems, and controls for temperature and pH. Finally, it summarizes different types of bioreactors used in fermentation including stirred tank, airlift, bubble column, fluidized bed, packed bed, photobioreactor, and membrane bioreactors.
A bioreactor is an engineered system used to facilitate the growth of biological material through the transformation or degradation of feed material. It provides controlled conditions like agitation, aeration, temperature and pH regulation. Common types of bioreactors include continuous stirred tank reactors, bubble columns, airlift reactors, fluidized beds, packed beds and plug flow reactors. Key parts include the fermenter vessel, heating/cooling apparatus, impellers, spargers and valves. Bioreactors are used to produce biomass, metabolites and antibiotics on an industrial scale.
The document discusses different types of fermenters used in fermentation processes. It describes stirred tank fermenters, which are closed systems commonly made of glass or stainless steel with volumes ranging from 1 to 1000 liters. Agitation is provided by motor-driven stirrers. It also describes airlift fermenters, which use the density difference between aerated and less aerated broth to drive circulation, with aeration provided through a sparger at the base of an internal or external riser tube connected to a downcomer tube. Key components discussed include impellers, temperature control systems, foam control agents, and various design considerations for mixing, aeration, and mass transfer.
A bioreactor is a type of fermentation vessel that is used for the production of various chemicals and biological reactions. It is a closed container with adequate arrangement for aeration, agitation, temperature and pH control, and drain or overflow vent to remove the waste biomass of cultured microorganisms along with their products.
The document discusses bioreactor design. It covers key factors to consider like agitation rate, oxygen transfer, pH, temperature and foam production. Bioreactor design depends on the production organism, optimal operating conditions, product value and scale of production. Design also considers capital investment and running costs. Important aspects of biological processes must be accounted for like substrate and product inhibition, and maintaining optimal biological conditions. General requirements of bioreactors include sterility, mixing, mass transfer, defined flow, substrate feeding and suspension of solids. Control of physicochemical parameters like agitation, mass transfer, temperature regulation and oxygen transport are also discussed.
Bioreactors - Basic Designing and Types.pptxKaviKumar46
A bioreactor is a device that supports a biologically active environment. It is used for growing cells or fermenting chemicals produced by cells. Bioreactors come in various designs depending on their application and scale of production. They provide control over environmental factors like temperature, pH, and aeration to optimize cell growth and product formation. Common bioreactor types include stirred tank, bubble column, packed bed, fluidized bed, and membrane bioreactors. Each bioreactor design aims to efficiently culture cells while controlling critical process parameters.
The document discusses bioreactors, also known as fermenters. It provides information on:
(1) Bioreactors use living cells or enzymes to generate a higher value product from a lower value substrate. They are commonly used for food processing, fermentation, and waste treatment.
(2) Bioreactors can be classified based on the agent used (living cells or enzymes) and process requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, solid state, immobilized cells).
(3) Key functions of bioreactors include agitation, aeration, temperature regulation, and foam control to provide an optimized environment for cell/product growth.
Fermentation in medicinal biotechnologySumitKhandai
This document discusses fermentation in medicinal biotechnology. It describes fermentation as a process used to manufacture various medically important products through microorganisms or mammalian cells in a controlled environment. It outlines different types of fermentation processes including batch, continuous, and fed-batch fermentation. It also discusses various parts of bioreactors used for industrial fermentation like agitation systems, oxygen delivery systems, and controls for temperature and pH. Finally, it summarizes different types of bioreactors used in fermentation including stirred tank, airlift, bubble column, fluidized bed, packed bed, photobioreactor, and membrane bioreactors.
A bioreactor is an engineered system used to facilitate the growth of biological material through the transformation or degradation of feed material. It provides controlled conditions like agitation, aeration, temperature and pH regulation. Common types of bioreactors include continuous stirred tank reactors, bubble columns, airlift reactors, fluidized beds, packed beds and plug flow reactors. Key parts include the fermenter vessel, heating/cooling apparatus, impellers, spargers and valves. Bioreactors are used to produce biomass, metabolites and antibiotics on an industrial scale.
The document discusses different types of fermenters used in fermentation processes. It describes stirred tank fermenters, which are closed systems commonly made of glass or stainless steel with volumes ranging from 1 to 1000 liters. Agitation is provided by motor-driven stirrers. It also describes airlift fermenters, which use the density difference between aerated and less aerated broth to drive circulation, with aeration provided through a sparger at the base of an internal or external riser tube connected to a downcomer tube. Key components discussed include impellers, temperature control systems, foam control agents, and various design considerations for mixing, aeration, and mass transfer.
The function of the fermenter or bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be cell biomass,metabolite and bioconversion Product. It must be so designed that it is able to provide the optimum environments or conditions that will allow supporting the growth of the microorganisms. The design and mode of operation of a fermenter mainly depends on the production organism, the optimal operating condition required for target product formation, product value and scale of production.
The choice of microorganisms is diverse to be used in the fermentation studies. Bacteria, Unicellular fungi, Virus, Algal cells have all been cultivated in fermenters. Now more and more attempts are tried to cultivate single plant and animal cells in fermenters. It is very important for us to know the physical and physiological characteristics of the type of cells which we use in the fermentation. Before designing the vessel, the fermentation vessel must fulfill certain requirements that is needed that will ensure the fermentation process will occur efficiently. Some of the actuated parameters are: the agitation speed, the aeration rate, the heating intensity or cooling rate, and the nutrients feeding rate, acid or base valve. Precise environmental control is of considerable interest in fermentations since oscillations may lower the system efficiency, increase the plasmid instability and produce undesirable end products.
The document discusses various aspects of biopharmaceutical production including bioreactors, upstream and downstream processing, and specific production methods. It describes how bioreactors provide an effective environment for cell growth and product expression. Upstream processing involves optimizing cell culture and bioreactor conditions while downstream processing focuses on purification techniques like filtration, chromatography. Specific examples discussed include antibiotic production using bacteria and fungal fermentation as well as plant cell culture for secondary metabolite production.
This document discusses different types of fermenters used in fermentation processes. It describes stirred tank fermenters and airlift fermenters as the two main types. Stirred tank fermenters are closed systems ranging from 1 to 1000 liters in size, usually with motor-driven stirrers. Airlift fermenters use the introduction of air or gas to create circulation, with a riser tube for broth to rise and a downcomer tube for it to flow back down. The document also outlines key components of fermenters like agitators, temperature control systems, and foam control methods.
This ppt is prepared by Sandeep Kumar Maurya , m. pharma ,department of pharmaceutical sciences, dr. harisingh gour university sagar madhya pradesh. contains fermentation technology.
(1) Bioreactors provide a controlled environment for cultivating microorganisms or cells. They consist of a vessel with mixing, aeration, temperature control and other components.
(2) There are various types of bioreactors including batch, continuous, bubble column, airlift and fluidized bed bioreactors. Batch bioreactors operate in discrete batches while continuous bioreactors allow continuous addition and removal of material.
(3) Batch bioreactors are simpler but have inconsistent productivity while continuous bioreactors are more complex but allow steady state conditions and more efficient resource use ideal for large scale processes.
This document discusses bioreactors and their applications in waste water treatment. It begins with an introduction to bioreactors and their role in biotechnology. It then describes different types of bioreactors, including suspended growth reactors like batch and continuous stirred-tank reactors, as well as biofilm reactors like packed bed and fluidized bed reactors. The document concludes by discussing various applications of bioreactors in treating gaseous, liquid and solid wastes through bioconversion.
The document provides information about bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that provides sterile conditions and environmental control for cell cultivation. It then describes the typical components of a bioreactor including an agitator for mixing, baffles to break vortexes, a sparger for oxygen supply, and a jacket for temperature control. Finally, it discusses different types of bioreactors such as continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, and packed bed bioreactors.
This document provides an overview of bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that provides sterile conditions and environmental control for cell cultivation. It then describes the typical components of a bioreactor, including an agitator for mixing, a baffle to prevent vortex formation, a sparger for oxygen delivery, and a jacket for temperature control. Finally, it discusses various types of bioreactors such as continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, packed bed, and photo bioreactors; and it notes that bioreactors are commonly used in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
The document discusses bioreactors and fermenters. It defines a bioreactor as an apparatus used for growing microorganisms like bacteria and yeast that are used in biotechnology to produce substances such as pharmaceuticals. A fermenter is defined as a similar apparatus used for large-scale fermentation and commercial production. The document then elaborates on bioreactor and fermenter design, including parts like impellers and sensors, and different types of designs like stirred tank, air lift, packed bed, and fluidized bed reactors. It provides details on how each type works and its applications.
This document discusses different types of bioreactors used in bioprocess engineering. It describes stirred tank bioreactors, pneumatically agitated bioreactors including airlift and bubble column bioreactors, immobilized microorganism reactors, membrane reactors, and photobioreactors. Key factors to consider when choosing a bioreactor type include the microorganism, oxygen requirements, shear effects, sterility needs, and light requirements. Common bioreactor types like stirred tanks, airlift, and immobilized cell reactors are then explained in more detail.
This document provides an assignment on bioreactors submitted by 7 students. It includes an introduction to bioreactors, examples of bioreactor types, design considerations, operating principles, and analysis of bioreactors. The main body describes various bioreactor types including continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, tower, fluidized bed, and packed bed bioreactors. It also covers batch, fed-batch and continuous operation modes and analyzing measurable parameters, products, and applications of bioreactors.
This document describes tubular bioreactors. Tubular bioreactors consist of vertical or horizontal tubes connected together in a pipe system. They have several advantages including simpler construction, easier scaling up, and a larger area to volume ratio. Tubular bioreactors can be used for applications like waste water treatment, solid substrate bioprocesses, photobioreactors, and biological tissue processes. Examples provided include using tubular bioreactors for cultivating algae in photobioreactors and treating waste water.
This document provides information on different types of bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that enables microbial growth while preventing contamination and providing necessary conditions. It then describes six main types of bioreactors: stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, fluidized bed, packed bed, and photobioreactor. Each type is discussed in 1-2 paragraphs, outlining its mixing method, applications, and basic design. Key parts of bioreactors like temperature control, pH control, and foam control systems are also summarized. The document concludes by stating that bioreactors must carefully control factors like oxygen delivery, agitation, temperature, pH, and foam to optimize microbial production.
bioprocess and industrial biotechnology.pptxMelvinM11
1. Bioreactors are engineered devices that support biologically active environments. They control factors like temperature, pH, aeration and agitation to optimize microbial growth.
2. Early bioreactors from the 1940s were used to produce yeast and acetone on large scales. Advances in design incorporated mixing, aeration, heat transfer and sterilization systems.
3. Bioreactors come in various types including continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift and others. Each type aims to efficiently transfer gases, heat and momentum between liquid and gas phases.
Scalability of a Single-use Bioreactor Platform for Biopharmaceutical Manufac...KBI Biopharma
Increasing adoption of single-use technologies for bioprocessing along with higher titers from cell culture bioreactor processes has allowed clinical and even commercial manufacturing to be successfully performed in 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactors. Several biopharmaceutical manufacturers have successfully adopted single-use bioreactors for production. However, information about process scalability from glass bioreactors to 2000 L single-use bioreactors for different types of CHO cell lines is not widely available. Here we provide an overview of the key
differences between single-use and conventional stainless steel bioreactors, and highlight factors that are employed while scaling-up from small-scale glass bioreactors to 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactors. Several case studies focusing on process performance across scales into single-use bioreactors are provided. This analysis confirms that the 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactorsystem can be robustly employed for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
The stirred tank bioreactor is the most widely used bioreactor design. Developments in areas like miniaturization are changing bioreactor design. Miniature bioreactors under development can operate at volumes as low as 50ml while maintaining scalability and using miniaturized sensor and actuator technologies. These developments may reduce the time and costs required for new drug development.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The function of the fermenter or bioreactor is to provide a suitable environment in which an organism can efficiently produce a target product—the target product might be cell biomass,metabolite and bioconversion Product. It must be so designed that it is able to provide the optimum environments or conditions that will allow supporting the growth of the microorganisms. The design and mode of operation of a fermenter mainly depends on the production organism, the optimal operating condition required for target product formation, product value and scale of production.
The choice of microorganisms is diverse to be used in the fermentation studies. Bacteria, Unicellular fungi, Virus, Algal cells have all been cultivated in fermenters. Now more and more attempts are tried to cultivate single plant and animal cells in fermenters. It is very important for us to know the physical and physiological characteristics of the type of cells which we use in the fermentation. Before designing the vessel, the fermentation vessel must fulfill certain requirements that is needed that will ensure the fermentation process will occur efficiently. Some of the actuated parameters are: the agitation speed, the aeration rate, the heating intensity or cooling rate, and the nutrients feeding rate, acid or base valve. Precise environmental control is of considerable interest in fermentations since oscillations may lower the system efficiency, increase the plasmid instability and produce undesirable end products.
The document discusses various aspects of biopharmaceutical production including bioreactors, upstream and downstream processing, and specific production methods. It describes how bioreactors provide an effective environment for cell growth and product expression. Upstream processing involves optimizing cell culture and bioreactor conditions while downstream processing focuses on purification techniques like filtration, chromatography. Specific examples discussed include antibiotic production using bacteria and fungal fermentation as well as plant cell culture for secondary metabolite production.
This document discusses different types of fermenters used in fermentation processes. It describes stirred tank fermenters and airlift fermenters as the two main types. Stirred tank fermenters are closed systems ranging from 1 to 1000 liters in size, usually with motor-driven stirrers. Airlift fermenters use the introduction of air or gas to create circulation, with a riser tube for broth to rise and a downcomer tube for it to flow back down. The document also outlines key components of fermenters like agitators, temperature control systems, and foam control methods.
This ppt is prepared by Sandeep Kumar Maurya , m. pharma ,department of pharmaceutical sciences, dr. harisingh gour university sagar madhya pradesh. contains fermentation technology.
(1) Bioreactors provide a controlled environment for cultivating microorganisms or cells. They consist of a vessel with mixing, aeration, temperature control and other components.
(2) There are various types of bioreactors including batch, continuous, bubble column, airlift and fluidized bed bioreactors. Batch bioreactors operate in discrete batches while continuous bioreactors allow continuous addition and removal of material.
(3) Batch bioreactors are simpler but have inconsistent productivity while continuous bioreactors are more complex but allow steady state conditions and more efficient resource use ideal for large scale processes.
This document discusses bioreactors and their applications in waste water treatment. It begins with an introduction to bioreactors and their role in biotechnology. It then describes different types of bioreactors, including suspended growth reactors like batch and continuous stirred-tank reactors, as well as biofilm reactors like packed bed and fluidized bed reactors. The document concludes by discussing various applications of bioreactors in treating gaseous, liquid and solid wastes through bioconversion.
The document provides information about bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that provides sterile conditions and environmental control for cell cultivation. It then describes the typical components of a bioreactor including an agitator for mixing, baffles to break vortexes, a sparger for oxygen supply, and a jacket for temperature control. Finally, it discusses different types of bioreactors such as continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, and packed bed bioreactors.
This document provides an overview of bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that provides sterile conditions and environmental control for cell cultivation. It then describes the typical components of a bioreactor, including an agitator for mixing, a baffle to prevent vortex formation, a sparger for oxygen delivery, and a jacket for temperature control. Finally, it discusses various types of bioreactors such as continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, packed bed, and photo bioreactors; and it notes that bioreactors are commonly used in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
The document discusses bioreactors and fermenters. It defines a bioreactor as an apparatus used for growing microorganisms like bacteria and yeast that are used in biotechnology to produce substances such as pharmaceuticals. A fermenter is defined as a similar apparatus used for large-scale fermentation and commercial production. The document then elaborates on bioreactor and fermenter design, including parts like impellers and sensors, and different types of designs like stirred tank, air lift, packed bed, and fluidized bed reactors. It provides details on how each type works and its applications.
This document discusses different types of bioreactors used in bioprocess engineering. It describes stirred tank bioreactors, pneumatically agitated bioreactors including airlift and bubble column bioreactors, immobilized microorganism reactors, membrane reactors, and photobioreactors. Key factors to consider when choosing a bioreactor type include the microorganism, oxygen requirements, shear effects, sterility needs, and light requirements. Common bioreactor types like stirred tanks, airlift, and immobilized cell reactors are then explained in more detail.
This document provides an assignment on bioreactors submitted by 7 students. It includes an introduction to bioreactors, examples of bioreactor types, design considerations, operating principles, and analysis of bioreactors. The main body describes various bioreactor types including continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, tower, fluidized bed, and packed bed bioreactors. It also covers batch, fed-batch and continuous operation modes and analyzing measurable parameters, products, and applications of bioreactors.
This document describes tubular bioreactors. Tubular bioreactors consist of vertical or horizontal tubes connected together in a pipe system. They have several advantages including simpler construction, easier scaling up, and a larger area to volume ratio. Tubular bioreactors can be used for applications like waste water treatment, solid substrate bioprocesses, photobioreactors, and biological tissue processes. Examples provided include using tubular bioreactors for cultivating algae in photobioreactors and treating waste water.
This document provides information on different types of bioreactors. It begins by defining a bioreactor as a vessel that enables microbial growth while preventing contamination and providing necessary conditions. It then describes six main types of bioreactors: stirred tank, bubble column, airlift, fluidized bed, packed bed, and photobioreactor. Each type is discussed in 1-2 paragraphs, outlining its mixing method, applications, and basic design. Key parts of bioreactors like temperature control, pH control, and foam control systems are also summarized. The document concludes by stating that bioreactors must carefully control factors like oxygen delivery, agitation, temperature, pH, and foam to optimize microbial production.
bioprocess and industrial biotechnology.pptxMelvinM11
1. Bioreactors are engineered devices that support biologically active environments. They control factors like temperature, pH, aeration and agitation to optimize microbial growth.
2. Early bioreactors from the 1940s were used to produce yeast and acetone on large scales. Advances in design incorporated mixing, aeration, heat transfer and sterilization systems.
3. Bioreactors come in various types including continuous stirred tank, bubble column, airlift and others. Each type aims to efficiently transfer gases, heat and momentum between liquid and gas phases.
Scalability of a Single-use Bioreactor Platform for Biopharmaceutical Manufac...KBI Biopharma
Increasing adoption of single-use technologies for bioprocessing along with higher titers from cell culture bioreactor processes has allowed clinical and even commercial manufacturing to be successfully performed in 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactors. Several biopharmaceutical manufacturers have successfully adopted single-use bioreactors for production. However, information about process scalability from glass bioreactors to 2000 L single-use bioreactors for different types of CHO cell lines is not widely available. Here we provide an overview of the key
differences between single-use and conventional stainless steel bioreactors, and highlight factors that are employed while scaling-up from small-scale glass bioreactors to 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactors. Several case studies focusing on process performance across scales into single-use bioreactors are provided. This analysis confirms that the 2000 L-scale single-use bioreactorsystem can be robustly employed for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
The stirred tank bioreactor is the most widely used bioreactor design. Developments in areas like miniaturization are changing bioreactor design. Miniature bioreactors under development can operate at volumes as low as 50ml while maintaining scalability and using miniaturized sensor and actuator technologies. These developments may reduce the time and costs required for new drug development.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
2. A Bioreactor is basically a device in which the organisms are cultivated and
motivated to form the desired product’s. It is a containment system designated
to give right environment for optimal growth and metabolic activity of the organism
1. At every step of the development of a biotechnological process, bioreactor is
invariably used.
2. The sizes of the bioreactor can vary over several orders of magnitudes. The
microbial cell (few mm3), shake flask ( 100-1000 ml), laboratory fermenter ( 1 –
50 L), pilot scale (0.3 – 10 m3) to plant scale ( 2 – 500 m3) are all examples of
bioreactors.
3. Whatever may be the size of the bioreactor, the conditions in the bioreactor have
to be favorable so that living microorganisms can exhibit their activity (specific
biochemical and microbial reactions) under defined conditions.
3. 4. This results in a series of
special features in the
reaction engineering of bio-
catalytic processes. The
reaction rate, cell growth,
and process stability depend
on the environmental
conditions in the bioreactor.
5. There are several unique
aspects of biotechnological
processes, which require
special consideration in
design of bioreactors.
4. (a) The design and construction of biochemical reactors must preclude foreign
contamination(sterility). Furthermore, aseptic conditions should be maintained
during the fermentation and ensure containment.
(b) Optimal mixing with low, uniform shear,
(c) Adequate mass transfer (oxygen),
(d) Clearly defined flow conditions,
(e) Feeding of substrate with prevention of under or overdosing,
(f) Suspension of solids,
(g) Gentle heat transfer,
(h) Compliance with design requirements such as: ability to be sterilized;
simple construction; simple measuring, control, regulating techniques; scale
up; flexibility; long term stability; compatibility with up- downstream
processes; antifoaming measures.
Requirements of bioreactors
5. Bioreactor design is a relatively complex engineering task, which is studied in the
discipline of biochemical engineering. Under optimum conditions, the microorganisms
or cells are able to perform their desired function with a 100 percent rate of
success.[citation needed] The bioreactor's environmental conditions like gas (i.e., air,
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) flow rates, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen
levels, and agitation speed/circulation rate need to be closely monitored and controlled.
Most industrial bioreactor manufacturers use vessels, sensors and a control system
networked together.
A proper bioreactor should have the following configurations:
Heat and oxygen transfer configuration
· Sterilization procedures
· Foam control
· Fast and thorough cleaning system
· Proper monitoring and control system
Traditional design is open cylindrical or rectangular vessels made from wood or stone.
Most fermentations are now performed in close system to avoid contamination.
It should be constructed from non-toxic, corrosion-resistant materials. Small
fermentation vessels of a few liters capacity are constructed from glass and/or
stainless steel.
6. Based on the designs of the bioreactors, they can be grouped into the
following types
1. Continuous stirred tank bioreactors
2. Bubble column bioreactors
3. Airlift bioreactors
4. Fluidized bed bioreactors
5. Packed bed bioreactors
6. Photo bioreactors
7. 1.Batch Bioreactor
Various aspects of batch reactors are being
utilized in chemical and metal processing
industries.
The basic concept of batch reactor is to be
considered that the molar or mass reactions
are restricted in a variable temperatures,
stirring and PH. However the inflow and out
flow of the reaction products will remain
constant in same close door open vessels,
reaction containers or in small conical flasks.
High-pressure reactor. This reactor is generally
used in polymer synthesis, where the process
of polymerization requires high-pressure
reactions. In high-pressure reactors, the
pressure gauge is varied between 1.5 Atm. to
10 Atm. To design a high-pressure reactor,
special types of stainless steels are used.
8. 2.FED BATCH FERMENTOR
A Fed batch reactor has similar operational conditions as to a
batch reactor. It has additional features for continuous
addition or removal of one or more components / streams for
reactions. Additionally for better yields and selectivity, gradual
addition or removal in semi batch reactor assists in controlling
temperature particularly when the net reaction is highly
exothermic. Thus, the use of a semi batch reactor intrinsically
permits more stable and safer operation than a batch operation.
Fed batch reactors are mostly used in critical reactions and
rarely used in wastewater treatments.
3.CONTINUOUS FERMENTER
Continuous fermentation is an open system
.It involves the removal of culture medium
continuously and replacement of this with
a fresh sterile medium in a bioreactor. Both
addition and removal are done at the same
Rate so that the working volume remains
Constant.
9. Practical Issues for Bioreactors
A)Heat Transfer Configurations:
The primary heat transfer configurations in fermentation vessels are:
i. External jackets
ii. Internal coils
iii. External surface heat exchanger
B)Agitation (gas transfer
Mixing should produce homogeneous conditions and promote
a) Nutrient transfer
b) Gas transfer
c) Heat transfer
Heat transfer is necessary during both sterilization and for temperature
maintenance during operation.
C) Foaming removal
Mechanical foam breaker (a supplementary impeller)
Chemical antifoam agents (may reduce the rate of oxygen transfer)
10. D)- Mass transfer:
Transfer of nutrients from the aqueous phase into the microbial
cells during fermentation is relatively straightforward as the
nutrients are normally provided in excess.
Transport of Nutrients
The performance of the reactor is affected if the rate of the
transport of the limiting nutrients is slower than the rate of
utilization by the cells.
Efficiency of the bioprocess could be increased by increasing the
rate of transport of a limiting nutrient.
Transport of Oxygen
Compressed air entering a fermenter is usually stripped of
moisture and any oil vapors that may originate from the
compressor.
To prevent the risk of contamination, gases introduced into the
fermenter should be passed through a sterile filter.
