This presentation on New Zealand's approach to HIV prevention was given by Shaun Robinson, Executive Director NZ AIDS Foundation, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
Sorry this presentation is not great, because all the animations just stockpiled. If you want to see a better version, please go to http://tinyurl.com/pat48ks
Thanks!
Speakers discuss PrEP eligibility, management, and other topics covered in training modules one and two. During this webinar, expert speakers will review key highlights from the first two modules, share Nigeria specific guidance, and respond to questions from participants.
Part 2: https://www.slideshare.net/jsi/prep-elearning-discussion-2
In Zimbabwe, only 57% of adult women and 34% of adult men have been tested for HIV and received their results. To address this testing gap, HIV self-testing is being introduced to complement current HIV testing strategies and help Zimbabwe achieve its goal of having 90% of people living with HIV know their status. A pilot study is underway to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, accuracy, and ability to link people to care, treatment or prevention services of HIV self-testing using the OraQuick Advance oral test. Results are expected in June and will inform the larger UNITAID HIV STAR project starting that month aimed at further increasing HIV testing rates in Zimbabwe.
Speakers discuss PrEP counseling, special situations, and other topics covered in training modules three and four. During this webinar, expert speakers review key highlights from modules three and four, and respond to questions from participants.
Part one: https://www.slideshare.net/jsi/prep-elearning-discussion-i
HPTN 067/ADAPT methods and results from women in Cape TownИлья Антипин
Grant R. и др. «HPTN 067/ADAPT methods and results from women in Cape Town» 8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Vancouver, 2015. MOSY0103.
The document summarizes a review of screening for preterm labor and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. The UK National Screening Committee commissioned the review in 2013. The review found limited evidence that bacterial vaginosis predicts preterm labor. Cervical length measurement is not reliable enough for screening. Evidence is also insufficient that antibiotics or progesterone treatment are effective. Based on the review and public consultation, the Committee recommended against universal screening for preterm labor or bacterial vaginosis. Future research should address key questions around the aims, tests, and optimal treatment for screening.
EOP Evaluation of BASICS iCCM Project Benin 2009 to 2012_Paul Freeman_4.25.13CORE Group
This document summarizes an evaluation of a USAID-funded integrated community case management (iCCM) project in Benin from 2009 to 2012. The project trained over 1,000 community health workers (CHWs) across 5 health zones to treat common childhood illnesses like malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. The evaluation found that CHWs appropriately treated over 40,000 cases of malaria and referred over 7,000 cough/pneumonia cases. Households with a CHW had less delay in seeking care, were more likely to initially see a CHW rather than a traditional provider or store, and mothers were highly satisfied with CHW care. The evaluation identified lessons like the importance of collaboration between CHWs and local organizations to support sustainability
The document discusses the aims, methods, and results of several systematic reviews and economic evaluations conducted by Warwick Evidence to inform UK National Screening Committee policymaking:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the test accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA screening for Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes. An economic model found it to be more costly than current screening, with potential risks of unnecessary invasive testing.
- A review of international newborn blood spot screening policies found variable approaches to topic selection, evidence review criteria, and decision-making processes. The UK NSC process was viewed favorably.
- A narrative review identified key ethical, social and legal issues around expanding newborn blood spot screening
Sorry this presentation is not great, because all the animations just stockpiled. If you want to see a better version, please go to http://tinyurl.com/pat48ks
Thanks!
Speakers discuss PrEP eligibility, management, and other topics covered in training modules one and two. During this webinar, expert speakers will review key highlights from the first two modules, share Nigeria specific guidance, and respond to questions from participants.
Part 2: https://www.slideshare.net/jsi/prep-elearning-discussion-2
In Zimbabwe, only 57% of adult women and 34% of adult men have been tested for HIV and received their results. To address this testing gap, HIV self-testing is being introduced to complement current HIV testing strategies and help Zimbabwe achieve its goal of having 90% of people living with HIV know their status. A pilot study is underway to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, accuracy, and ability to link people to care, treatment or prevention services of HIV self-testing using the OraQuick Advance oral test. Results are expected in June and will inform the larger UNITAID HIV STAR project starting that month aimed at further increasing HIV testing rates in Zimbabwe.
Speakers discuss PrEP counseling, special situations, and other topics covered in training modules three and four. During this webinar, expert speakers review key highlights from modules three and four, and respond to questions from participants.
Part one: https://www.slideshare.net/jsi/prep-elearning-discussion-i
HPTN 067/ADAPT methods and results from women in Cape TownИлья Антипин
Grant R. и др. «HPTN 067/ADAPT methods and results from women in Cape Town» 8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Vancouver, 2015. MOSY0103.
The document summarizes a review of screening for preterm labor and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. The UK National Screening Committee commissioned the review in 2013. The review found limited evidence that bacterial vaginosis predicts preterm labor. Cervical length measurement is not reliable enough for screening. Evidence is also insufficient that antibiotics or progesterone treatment are effective. Based on the review and public consultation, the Committee recommended against universal screening for preterm labor or bacterial vaginosis. Future research should address key questions around the aims, tests, and optimal treatment for screening.
EOP Evaluation of BASICS iCCM Project Benin 2009 to 2012_Paul Freeman_4.25.13CORE Group
This document summarizes an evaluation of a USAID-funded integrated community case management (iCCM) project in Benin from 2009 to 2012. The project trained over 1,000 community health workers (CHWs) across 5 health zones to treat common childhood illnesses like malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. The evaluation found that CHWs appropriately treated over 40,000 cases of malaria and referred over 7,000 cough/pneumonia cases. Households with a CHW had less delay in seeking care, were more likely to initially see a CHW rather than a traditional provider or store, and mothers were highly satisfied with CHW care. The evaluation identified lessons like the importance of collaboration between CHWs and local organizations to support sustainability
The document discusses the aims, methods, and results of several systematic reviews and economic evaluations conducted by Warwick Evidence to inform UK National Screening Committee policymaking:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the test accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA screening for Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes. An economic model found it to be more costly than current screening, with potential risks of unnecessary invasive testing.
- A review of international newborn blood spot screening policies found variable approaches to topic selection, evidence review criteria, and decision-making processes. The UK NSC process was viewed favorably.
- A narrative review identified key ethical, social and legal issues around expanding newborn blood spot screening
This is a lecture given to medical students of Cebu Institute of Medicine under the reproductive module. It contains a discussion of principles of HIV infection screening, diagnosis, staging and management, especially during pregnancy.
Lauren Lissner, Childhood Obesity - from surveillance to preventionTHL
Lauren Lissner, Ending Childhood Obesity in the Nordic Countries workshop, 16-17.11.2016. Nordic Welfare States and Public Health - A Need for Transformative Change? -conference.
Making long term family planning methods accessible to rural communities to r...John Bako
The document summarizes a project in Nigeria that aimed to increase access to long-term family planning methods in rural communities to reduce the country's high maternal mortality rate. The project was implemented in 3 local government areas over 5 years. It trained community members and healthcare providers and provided counseling and family planning services. Over 1,000 people received information on methods like IUDs, implants, and pills. Uptake of IUDs was highest at 57.1%, while 11.1% chose implants and 31.8% pills. The recommendations emphasize the need for increased access to family planning education, methods, and services especially in rural areas through public education programs, affordable options, and consistent contraceptive supplies.
Effect of Peer Counselling by Mother Support Groups on Infant and Young Child...POSHAN
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of peer counseling by mother support groups on infant and young child feeding practices in Lalitpur District, India. The study involved training mother support groups to conduct home visits and counseling sessions, which resulted in significant improvements in several feeding practices after 2 and 5 years, such as exclusive breastfeeding rates increasing from 11% to 71%. The program was found to be effective and able to sustain positive results with continued reinforcement, counseling, and support. It cost approximately $4.70 USD per birth to implement, presenting the program as a promising model for improving child nutrition outcomes at scale.
The UK National Screening Committee commissioned a review in 2010 to evaluate screening for atrial fibrillation in individuals over 65 years old. The review found the cost-effectiveness of a national screening program was uncertain and that current management of atrial fibrillation was poor. While most respondents to a public consultation favored screening, concerns remained about improving clinical management. Therefore, the Committee recommended retaining the current policy that screening this population is not recommended due to potential for more harm than good.
The document summarizes the findings of a study that expanded newborn screening in the UK from testing for phenylketonuria to five additional inherited metabolic disorders. Key findings after one year of screening over 438,000 babies include acceptable laboratory performance, reliable diagnostic testing within target timeframes, manageable workload for clinical and dietetic services, low decline rates, and prevalence and positive predictive values generally in line with predictions. Health economic analysis found screening for four of the five conditions to be potentially cost-effective. Based on these results, four of the five conditions were recommended to be added to the national newborn screening program in the UK. Follow-up after two years found sustained acceptable performance. Future work includes longitudinal tracking of outcomes
Lisa Bohmer worked as the HIV/AIDS Director for UNICEF in Ethiopia and presented on challenges and opportunities for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Key points included: HIV transmission can occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breastfeeding; Ethiopia faces high infection rates particularly among young people and women; and challenges include stigma, improving safer birthing practices, counseling on infant feeding options, and ensuring a steady supply of drugs and testing kits. Opportunities lie in increased funding, integrating PMTCT into other health programs, and engaging communities to promote testing and reduce stigma.
This aims to increase awareness on the Philippine HIV Epidemic, how it affects pregnancy and how it can be managed for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
Approximately 8,500 women living with HIV give birth annually in the US. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, almost 5,000 children under age 13 who got HIV through perinatal transmission have died. New HIV infections in children have dramatically declined from 400,000 in 2009 to around 220,000 in 2014 due to efforts like the UNICEF Global Plan. Prevention of perinatal transmission is crucial since there is no HIV vaccine; it requires pregnant women to take antiretroviral therapy consistently during and after pregnancy and avoid breastfeeding. Challenges to prevention include not all pregnant women knowing their HIV status and inconsistent access to treatment.
The document discusses the role and activities of the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC). It provides that the UK NSC sets policy for systematic population screening programs in the UK based on criteria for effectiveness, acceptability, and cost. The document outlines challenges facing the UK NSC, including governance, membership, defining screening programs, and evidence review processes. It also discusses recent approvals of new screening programs and evidence reviews currently underway.
This document provides guidelines for managing HIV in pregnancy. It discusses screening all pregnant women for HIV and other infections. For HIV-positive mothers, it recommends prompt referral to a multidisciplinary team and starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) by 14 weeks of pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission. The guidelines cover antenatal care, immunization, labor and delivery recommendations depending on viral load, and neonatal and postpartum management of HIV-positive mothers and exposed infants. The overall aim is to optimize care and reduce risk of HIV transmission through comprehensive antenatal and delivery protocols.
This workshop will cover best practices for HIV prevention in adolescents with a focus on the implementation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in SBHCs. Join this workshop to hear an overview of the HIV epidemic among adolescents in California, best practices for determining eligibility for PrEP and PEP, instructions for labs and prescriptions, and suggestions for case management and training of all SBHC staff.
Mother to child transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The risk is higher if the mother's HIV infection is in an advanced stage, if she is malnourished, has other STDs, or her membranes rupture early. Antiretroviral therapy and cesarean delivery before labor can reduce transmission risk. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months poses a lower risk than mixed feeding. India's PMTCT program provides counseling, testing, antiretroviral prophylaxis to pregnant women and newborns to prevent transmission and aims to reduce transmission by 50% by 2010.
Lessons Learned for Strengthening Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV ProgramsHFG Project
This document summarizes lessons learned for strengthening early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa based on a literature review and the Health Finance and Governance project's work in Kenya. The main challenges identified are patient loss to follow up throughout the EID testing process, long turnaround times between sample collection and result receipt, and failure to initiate antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive infants. Countries have implemented interventions like community outreach, point-of-care testing, and data dashboards to address these challenges. In Kenya, EID testing costs were measured and turnaround times analyzed, finding an average of 43 days between sample collection and result receipt.
The document summarizes Swaziland's experience with early infant diagnosis (EID) and treatment of HIV-infected children. It discusses how establishing in-country DNA PCR testing significantly reduced turnaround time for EID results. It also describes how focused follow-up of results led to more than doubling the number of infants initiating antiretroviral treatment, from 18 to 44. The document concludes that successful EID programs require investments in both laboratory infrastructure and programming to ensure test results are effectively communicated and used to start life-saving treatment for HIV-positive infants.
This document discusses adolescent use of preventive services based on USPSTF recommendations and an analysis of claims data from a large health plan. The analysis found that the rate of preventive care visits was low, averaging less than 0.3 visits per year. Adolescents had more frequent non-preventive visits, averaging 1.5 visits per year. Longitudinal data on over 40,000 continuously enrolled adolescents showed that guidelines for annual preventive visits were met less than 2% of the time. The document recommends developing better evidence for adolescent clinical preventive services, taking advantage of every medical encounter to provide preventive care, and using clinical systems to improve delivery rates.
This document summarizes guidelines for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. It discusses how HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. The overall transmission rate without intervention is 15-45%, which can be reduced below 5% with effective interventions. These include voluntary counseling and testing for pregnant women, access to antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive mothers and their infants, safe delivery practices, and guidance on infant feeding options. The document provides details on testing and treatment recommendations during the antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods to reduce HIV transmission from mother to child.
This document discusses HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It summarizes evidence from clinical trials that taking the antiretroviral medication Truvada daily reduces the risk of HIV infection by 86%. It acknowledges concerns that PrEP could reduce condom use or encourage risky behavior, but clinical trials found high adherence to daily dosing was very protective. Immediate cost is a major barrier to widespread use, but PrEP may become more affordable over time, similar to oral contraceptives. Guidelines are needed on targeting high-risk groups and determining how long individuals need to remain on PrEP.
This is a lecture given to medical students of Cebu Institute of Medicine under the reproductive module. It contains a discussion of principles of HIV infection screening, diagnosis, staging and management, especially during pregnancy.
Lauren Lissner, Childhood Obesity - from surveillance to preventionTHL
Lauren Lissner, Ending Childhood Obesity in the Nordic Countries workshop, 16-17.11.2016. Nordic Welfare States and Public Health - A Need for Transformative Change? -conference.
Making long term family planning methods accessible to rural communities to r...John Bako
The document summarizes a project in Nigeria that aimed to increase access to long-term family planning methods in rural communities to reduce the country's high maternal mortality rate. The project was implemented in 3 local government areas over 5 years. It trained community members and healthcare providers and provided counseling and family planning services. Over 1,000 people received information on methods like IUDs, implants, and pills. Uptake of IUDs was highest at 57.1%, while 11.1% chose implants and 31.8% pills. The recommendations emphasize the need for increased access to family planning education, methods, and services especially in rural areas through public education programs, affordable options, and consistent contraceptive supplies.
Effect of Peer Counselling by Mother Support Groups on Infant and Young Child...POSHAN
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of peer counseling by mother support groups on infant and young child feeding practices in Lalitpur District, India. The study involved training mother support groups to conduct home visits and counseling sessions, which resulted in significant improvements in several feeding practices after 2 and 5 years, such as exclusive breastfeeding rates increasing from 11% to 71%. The program was found to be effective and able to sustain positive results with continued reinforcement, counseling, and support. It cost approximately $4.70 USD per birth to implement, presenting the program as a promising model for improving child nutrition outcomes at scale.
The UK National Screening Committee commissioned a review in 2010 to evaluate screening for atrial fibrillation in individuals over 65 years old. The review found the cost-effectiveness of a national screening program was uncertain and that current management of atrial fibrillation was poor. While most respondents to a public consultation favored screening, concerns remained about improving clinical management. Therefore, the Committee recommended retaining the current policy that screening this population is not recommended due to potential for more harm than good.
The document summarizes the findings of a study that expanded newborn screening in the UK from testing for phenylketonuria to five additional inherited metabolic disorders. Key findings after one year of screening over 438,000 babies include acceptable laboratory performance, reliable diagnostic testing within target timeframes, manageable workload for clinical and dietetic services, low decline rates, and prevalence and positive predictive values generally in line with predictions. Health economic analysis found screening for four of the five conditions to be potentially cost-effective. Based on these results, four of the five conditions were recommended to be added to the national newborn screening program in the UK. Follow-up after two years found sustained acceptable performance. Future work includes longitudinal tracking of outcomes
Lisa Bohmer worked as the HIV/AIDS Director for UNICEF in Ethiopia and presented on challenges and opportunities for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Key points included: HIV transmission can occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breastfeeding; Ethiopia faces high infection rates particularly among young people and women; and challenges include stigma, improving safer birthing practices, counseling on infant feeding options, and ensuring a steady supply of drugs and testing kits. Opportunities lie in increased funding, integrating PMTCT into other health programs, and engaging communities to promote testing and reduce stigma.
This aims to increase awareness on the Philippine HIV Epidemic, how it affects pregnancy and how it can be managed for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
Approximately 8,500 women living with HIV give birth annually in the US. Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, almost 5,000 children under age 13 who got HIV through perinatal transmission have died. New HIV infections in children have dramatically declined from 400,000 in 2009 to around 220,000 in 2014 due to efforts like the UNICEF Global Plan. Prevention of perinatal transmission is crucial since there is no HIV vaccine; it requires pregnant women to take antiretroviral therapy consistently during and after pregnancy and avoid breastfeeding. Challenges to prevention include not all pregnant women knowing their HIV status and inconsistent access to treatment.
The document discusses the role and activities of the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC). It provides that the UK NSC sets policy for systematic population screening programs in the UK based on criteria for effectiveness, acceptability, and cost. The document outlines challenges facing the UK NSC, including governance, membership, defining screening programs, and evidence review processes. It also discusses recent approvals of new screening programs and evidence reviews currently underway.
This document provides guidelines for managing HIV in pregnancy. It discusses screening all pregnant women for HIV and other infections. For HIV-positive mothers, it recommends prompt referral to a multidisciplinary team and starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) by 14 weeks of pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission. The guidelines cover antenatal care, immunization, labor and delivery recommendations depending on viral load, and neonatal and postpartum management of HIV-positive mothers and exposed infants. The overall aim is to optimize care and reduce risk of HIV transmission through comprehensive antenatal and delivery protocols.
This workshop will cover best practices for HIV prevention in adolescents with a focus on the implementation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in SBHCs. Join this workshop to hear an overview of the HIV epidemic among adolescents in California, best practices for determining eligibility for PrEP and PEP, instructions for labs and prescriptions, and suggestions for case management and training of all SBHC staff.
Mother to child transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The risk is higher if the mother's HIV infection is in an advanced stage, if she is malnourished, has other STDs, or her membranes rupture early. Antiretroviral therapy and cesarean delivery before labor can reduce transmission risk. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months poses a lower risk than mixed feeding. India's PMTCT program provides counseling, testing, antiretroviral prophylaxis to pregnant women and newborns to prevent transmission and aims to reduce transmission by 50% by 2010.
Lessons Learned for Strengthening Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV ProgramsHFG Project
This document summarizes lessons learned for strengthening early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa based on a literature review and the Health Finance and Governance project's work in Kenya. The main challenges identified are patient loss to follow up throughout the EID testing process, long turnaround times between sample collection and result receipt, and failure to initiate antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive infants. Countries have implemented interventions like community outreach, point-of-care testing, and data dashboards to address these challenges. In Kenya, EID testing costs were measured and turnaround times analyzed, finding an average of 43 days between sample collection and result receipt.
The document summarizes Swaziland's experience with early infant diagnosis (EID) and treatment of HIV-infected children. It discusses how establishing in-country DNA PCR testing significantly reduced turnaround time for EID results. It also describes how focused follow-up of results led to more than doubling the number of infants initiating antiretroviral treatment, from 18 to 44. The document concludes that successful EID programs require investments in both laboratory infrastructure and programming to ensure test results are effectively communicated and used to start life-saving treatment for HIV-positive infants.
This document discusses adolescent use of preventive services based on USPSTF recommendations and an analysis of claims data from a large health plan. The analysis found that the rate of preventive care visits was low, averaging less than 0.3 visits per year. Adolescents had more frequent non-preventive visits, averaging 1.5 visits per year. Longitudinal data on over 40,000 continuously enrolled adolescents showed that guidelines for annual preventive visits were met less than 2% of the time. The document recommends developing better evidence for adolescent clinical preventive services, taking advantage of every medical encounter to provide preventive care, and using clinical systems to improve delivery rates.
This document summarizes guidelines for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. It discusses how HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. The overall transmission rate without intervention is 15-45%, which can be reduced below 5% with effective interventions. These include voluntary counseling and testing for pregnant women, access to antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive mothers and their infants, safe delivery practices, and guidance on infant feeding options. The document provides details on testing and treatment recommendations during the antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods to reduce HIV transmission from mother to child.
This document discusses HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It summarizes evidence from clinical trials that taking the antiretroviral medication Truvada daily reduces the risk of HIV infection by 86%. It acknowledges concerns that PrEP could reduce condom use or encourage risky behavior, but clinical trials found high adherence to daily dosing was very protective. Immediate cost is a major barrier to widespread use, but PrEP may become more affordable over time, similar to oral contraceptives. Guidelines are needed on targeting high-risk groups and determining how long individuals need to remain on PrEP.
Patient information to complete the Soap Note. See attachment .docxssuser562afc1
This document provides information on evaluating and managing a 16-year-old female patient presenting with vaginal bleeding and an ultrasound confirming gestation (UCG). It discusses chlamydia screening recommendations, signs and symptoms of pregnancy, counseling options for an unplanned pregnancy, and estimating gestational age based on last menstrual period and ultrasound. Key points include screening for sexually active women aged 24 and younger, common pregnancy presentations, and when estimated gestational age and due date should be updated based on ultrasound findings.
Jill Blumenthal, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
Increasing the Adoption of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in San Luis Obispo...Leona Rajaee
The presentation was presented at the Know Your Status 2016 event at Cal Poly in an effort to inform attendees about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) as a form of HIV prevention and discuss various barriers and facilitators to implementation in San Luis Obispo County.
This document discusses strategies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. It covers biomedical interventions like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), microbicides, voluntary medical male circumcision, and vaccines. It also discusses behavioral interventions like condom promotion and proper condom and lubricant use, as well as structural interventions like STI clinical services, health education, and integrating HIV/STI services. The document emphasizes that a comprehensive prevention approach combining biomedical, behavioral and structural interventions is most effective.
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV 2018Helen Madamba
Babies of pregnant women living with HIV can be born free of HIV infection. HIV counselling and testing is the gateway to diagnosis, treatment, care and support. Healthcare services need to provide enabling environments to support and empower women living with HIV and their children, to increase HIV knowledge and reduce stigma and discrimination.
The document discusses various aspects of HIV/AIDS including modes of transmission, prevention strategies, and awareness efforts. It outlines that HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected blood or breastmilk, but not through everyday casual contact. Prevention strategies focus on promoting safer sexual behaviors, preventing mother-to-child transmission, blood safety, and universal precautions. Awareness efforts aim to educate high risk groups and the general public through various communication channels.
Project RSP! Training on PrEP for HIV PreventionJim Pickett
This is a training on PrEP (pre-exposure prohylaxis) for HIV prevention, designed for people who work in the HIV prevention field. The training is designed by AIDS Foundation of Chicago's Project Ready, Set, PrEP! (RSP!). For more information on PrEP, visit the project's blog at www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com.
1. The document discusses various modes of HIV transmission including sexual contact, exposure to infected blood or breastfeeding. It notes that HIV is not transmitted by casual contact.
2. Prevention strategies discussed include promoting safer sexual behaviors, condom use, abstinence, treating other STIs, prevention of mother-to-child transmission through antiretroviral drugs and alternatives to breastfeeding.
3. The strategies aim to raise awareness, encourage testing and treatment, and support those living with HIV through community programs and addressing stigma.
Project RSP! Training on PrEP for HIV PreventionJim Pickett
June 11 - UPDATED training on PrEP for HIV prevention from Chicago's Project Ready, Set, PrEP! (RSP!). Visit the Project RSP!'s My PrEP Experience blog at www.myprepexperience.blogspot.com for more informational resources, including the personal stories of individuals who have chosen to use PrEP.
This document summarizes an E-learning discussion on PrEP clinical management. It discusses:
- Special clinical situations including adolescents, pregnancy/breastfeeding, hormonal contraception, elevated creatinine, hepatitis B, HIV seroconversion, and recreational drug use.
- Key counseling messages for clinicians around PrEP safety, effectiveness, and avoiding stigma. PrEP is described as safe and effective when used properly, and clinicians are advised to reduce stigma.
- Two expert panelists - Dr. Jason Reed and Dr. More Mungati - who have extensive experience in HIV prevention, programming, and research. The discussion was moderated by Dr. Seema Ntjabane.
Family Planning for Persons Living with HIVAIDS_2015 AR and MSNikole Gettings
This document provides information about reproductive choices and family planning for people living with HIV/AIDS. It outlines the objectives of presenting on this topic, which are to discuss reproductive life needs and planning, effective contraception options and drug interactions, pregnancy options and counseling, and local resources. It then provides statistics on HIV and discusses developing a reproductive life plan, categorizing and discussing various contraception methods, and special considerations for contraception and HIV.
1. Combination prevention approaches that integrate biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions may provide the most effective strategy for HIV prevention.
2. While biomedical interventions like PrEP and treatment as prevention have shown promise, their effectiveness relies on optimal adherence which is influenced by behavioral and social factors.
3. Behavioral interventions alone have had questionable effectiveness, so combining them with biomedical approaches could help ensure medication adherence and uptake.
4. Structural interventions are also needed to address social determinants like poverty, discrimination, and gender inequality that fuel the HIV epidemic.
HIV treatment and PrEP options have advanced significantly since 2015. Key points:
1) Treatment as prevention is now recommended, with antiretroviral therapy shown to reduce HIV transmission by 96% and dramatically lower prevalence over time if treatment is scaled up.
2) PrEP using daily oral Truvada was found to reduce HIV risk by up to 92% in multiple studies when taken consistently, though adherence is important. Intermittent or on-demand PrEP was also found highly effective in some populations.
3) Several real-world demonstration projects confirmed PrEP's effectiveness in different settings and populations, with up to 86% reduced risk of HIV acquisition when PrEP was provided.
Similar to Biomedical Prevention: Testing - The NZ Strategic Context (20)
This presentation on AFAO's recent work with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities was given by Michael Frommer at the SiREN Symposium in Perth, June 2016.
The document outlines a four-phase activity to develop culturally appropriate online health resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities as well as several CALD populations in Australia. The activity will be overseen by ASHM and involves auditing existing resources, consulting with communities, developing new resources, distributing and promoting them, and evaluating their uptake. Key steps include establishing advisory committees, reviewing current resources, holding workshops to prioritize new materials, subcontracting organizations to create resources, and measuring the impact through surveys and web analytics. The goal is to prevent blood-borne viruses and sexually transmitted infections among these at-risk communities through improved health education.
The document discusses changes to the structure and priorities of AFAO for 2016/17. Due to funding changes, AFAO's international program will expand while its domestic program shrinks. Some staff will leave and the organization will restructure accordingly. Key priorities will include leadership and communications, advocacy, coordination, policy, capacity building, and international work. The organization will need to work smarter with its reduced capacity by collaborating with other community organizations.
This presentation on key strategies for addressing HIV among people from CALD communities and people who travel to high prevalence countries was given by Corie Gray from Curtin University and CoPAHM at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on a directory of HIV health promotion programs and resources that engage with people from CALD communities was given by Jill Sergeant from AFAO at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on findings from a trial of providing HIV medication to people not eligible for Medicare was given by Tony Maynard from the National Association of People With HIV Australia (NAPWHA) at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on HIV diagnoses among people from CALD communities was given by Praveena Gunaratnam from the Kirby Institute at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
Drawing upon HIV surveillance data and the Seroconversion Study, this presentation explores reasons for late diagnosis of HIV and barriers to testing among gay men and other MSM in Australia. The presentation was given by Phillip Keen from the Kirby Institute at AFAO's National Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in April 2016.
This document provides a summary of a directory of health promotion programs and resources for HIV and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. The directory aims to support organizations working with CALD communities on HIV-related issues. It includes summaries of program activities, objectives, outcomes, evaluation details, downloads, and contact information for each listing. The feedback on the directory was positive, noting it is a valuable resource for research and ideas. Recommendations include organizations using the resource, updating it regularly, and holding a forum to further build capacity and identify programs for national support.
A report on findings from the AHOD Temporary Resident Access Study, which looked at access to HIV treatments for people not eligible for Medicare. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
Lea Narciso from SA Health discusses the changing epidemic in South Australia, which now includes an increasing number of people born overseas, and the government's policy response. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
This Report Card provides an overview of national momentum on HIV and mobility, highlighting areas with strong momentum and areas that are limited. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
ComePrepd is the Queensland AIDS Councils (QuAC) new campaign for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) which aims to encourage open discussion in the gay community. This presentation discusses the design of the campaign and its various stages. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
Alison Coelho from the Centre for Culture, Ethnicity and Health describes a program which partnered with faith & community leaders around preventing BBV/STI transmission in migrant and refugee communities. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
An overview of how the 2 Spirits Program at the Queensland AIDS Council adapts a western health promotion framework into a cultural framework to engage Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communities around HIV and sexual health. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
This presentation on the priorities and challenges for the HIV response in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities was given by Michael Costello-Czok (Executive Officer – Anwernekenhe National HIV Alliance - ANA) at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This presentation on the expansion of AFAO's African communities project to encompass other CALD and mobile populations was given by Jill Sergeant, AFAO Project Officer, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This document discusses using systems approaches to better understand peer-based programs for HIV and HCV. It summarizes work done with various organizations representing people who use drugs, gay men, people living with HIV, sex workers, and others. Systems approaches were used to develop more sophisticated theories of how peer-based programs work and influence communities. System dynamics maps showed how interventions engage with communities. Key functions and draft indicators were identified to demonstrate influence and help programs evaluate their work and influence on communities and policies. The document provides an overview of the Understanding What Works & Why (W3) project which aims to help answer questions about program influence and effectiveness using systems approaches.
This presentation on what social research indicates will be effective anti-stigma interventions was given by Prof John de Wit, Centre for Social REsearch in Health (CSRH), at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This presentation on AFAO's Health Promotion Discussion Paper on treatment as prevention was given by Sean Slavin, AFAO Health Promotion Program, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
More from Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (20)
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
5. Challenges in Prevention
New Biomedical Tools – TASP and PrEP
+
Long Standing Public Health Tools – Condoms, Needle Exchange
How do they Fit together in the NZ Context?
Need clinical and community collaboration and co-ordination
Need a National Strategy
Strategy
please
8. NZ an Epidemic under Control but not in Decline
Testing /Clinical Challenge
20% of MSM and of Africans in NZ who have HIV are undiagnosed
50% of all HIV diagnoses are late
200? People Diagnosed but lost to Care since 2005.
9. NZ an Epidemic under Control but not in Decline
Testing Challenge
Rapid testing at NZAF since 2006
Increased from 250 pa – 2500 pa
No policy or national consistency
Health system has not adopted rapid testing
10. NZ an Epidemic under Control but not in Decline
Testing Tactics
Outreach to :
• Venues
• Events
• Suburbs
Partnering with others to support rapid testing
• Marae
• GPs
• Body positive
• Asian
• Pacific
11. NZ an Epidemic under Control but not in Decline
Testing Tactics
Home Testing pilot
Exploring other models
Working towards national strategy
12. New Zealand 30 Years into the Epidemic…
A Lot to Loose …
Low Prevalence
A Lot to Gain …
Persistent Incidence
13. NZ an Epidemic under Control but not in Decline
Condom Use Challenges
95% positive attitudes to condom use (GAPSS GOSS research)
Close the GAP
80% high condom use
14. New Science New Opportunities
PARTNER Study - TASP
PROUD and IPERGAY - PrEP
16. PrEP
A small targeted role
For people who resist condom use and are able to manage adherence
Requires Clinical Oversight – HIV testing, STI testing, Adherence
monitoring, Condom promotion, Support
Best managed by sexual health physicians as people using PrEP will
definitely risk repeated STI infections
17. PrEP Project New Zealand
No funding
Voluntary project being developed with Auckland Sexual Health
Need to put definition around PrEP in NZ
• Access Criteria
• Clinical Protocols/ Guidelines
Test demand and effectiveness in real world in NZ
Gain experience which will guide future developments