This document discusses the biomechanical considerations of Begg stage I and stage II treatment. It begins by introducing concepts of biomechanics including forces, moments, centers of resistance and rotation. It then discusses the objectives of Begg stage I treatment, which are to open the anterior bite, eliminate crowding, close spaces, upright teeth and improve interarch relationships. The biomechanics of intrusion, tipping and space closure during Begg treatment are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers key topics like forces, moments, center of gravity, center of resistance, center of rotation, and moment-to-force ratios. These principles are then applied to explain the mechanics of Begg mechanotherapy, specifically how it achieves incisor intrusion, incisor tipping, and space closure through control of moments and forces.
Copy of biomechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses Begg mechanics for orthodontic tooth movement. It covers the basics of biomechanics including forces, moments, center of rotation and their roles in different tooth movements. It then describes the three stages of Begg mechanics: Stage I involves opening the anterior bite, eliminating crowding, closing spaces, and overcorrecting rotations and relationships between teeth. Stage II focuses on molar uprighting and distalization. Stage III stabilizes the results through finishing and detailing. The document emphasizes the importance of controlling the moment to force ratio to achieve the desired tooth movement in each stage.
This document discusses the mechanics of tooth movement, including:
- Vectors and scalars and how force is represented by arrows
- Using the parallelogram method to determine the resultant of two forces with a common point of application or different points of application
- Resolving a force into vertical and horizontal components by considering it as the diagonal of a parallelogram
- Key concepts like center of gravity, center of resistance, translation, rotation, and moments in orthodontic tooth movement
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechancal principles in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Common sense mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers key topics like forces, moments, center of gravity, center of resistance, center of rotation, and moment-to-force ratios. These principles are then applied to explain the mechanics of Begg mechanotherapy, specifically how it achieves incisor intrusion, incisor tipping, and space closure through control of moments and forces.
Copy of biomechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses Begg mechanics for orthodontic tooth movement. It covers the basics of biomechanics including forces, moments, center of rotation and their roles in different tooth movements. It then describes the three stages of Begg mechanics: Stage I involves opening the anterior bite, eliminating crowding, closing spaces, and overcorrecting rotations and relationships between teeth. Stage II focuses on molar uprighting and distalization. Stage III stabilizes the results through finishing and detailing. The document emphasizes the importance of controlling the moment to force ratio to achieve the desired tooth movement in each stage.
This document discusses the mechanics of tooth movement, including:
- Vectors and scalars and how force is represented by arrows
- Using the parallelogram method to determine the resultant of two forces with a common point of application or different points of application
- Resolving a force into vertical and horizontal components by considering it as the diagonal of a parallelogram
- Key concepts like center of gravity, center of resistance, translation, rotation, and moments in orthodontic tooth movement
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechancal principles in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Common sense mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ortho force systems /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biomechanical concepts in orthodontics including forces, moments, couples, and moment-to-force ratios. It explains how these concepts relate to different types of tooth movement and how orthodontic appliances create force systems. Specifically, it describes determinate and indeterminate force systems, classifications of appliances including no couple, one couple, and two couple systems, and how to predict tooth movement based on analyzing equivalent force systems at the center of resistance. The overall message is that understanding biomechanical principles allows for controlled and predictable orthodontic tooth movement.
- Biomechanics in orthodontics refers to the reaction of dental and facial structures to orthodontic forces.
- Key concepts in biomechanics include force, center of mass, center of resistance, center of rotation, moment, and couple.
- The different types of tooth movement that can occur due to forces and moments include tipping, translation, root movement, rotation, intrusion, and extrusion. Efficient orthodontic treatment requires sound treatment plans backed by sound mechanical/biomechanical plans.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the basics of orthodontic force systems. It defines key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and couple. It explains that applying a force through the center of an object causes translation, while applying it away from the center also induces rotation. A couple produces pure rotation since its forces cancel out translation. The document describes how to achieve different types of tooth movement, such as uncontrolled tipping, controlled tipping, translation, torque, and rotation, by manipulating the relationship between the moment of the applied force and any opposing moment of a couple.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
This document discusses various techniques for en masse space closure and tooth movement. It describes 3 methods for closing extraction space: anterior retraction alone, a combination of anterior retraction and posterior protraction, and posterior protraction alone. It also discusses T-springs, including their force characteristics and how to preactivate them. Different mechanics are described for moving anterior and posterior teeth together versus separately.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes a seminar on mechanical concepts in orthodontics given by Dr. Sandhya Anand under the guidance of Prof. Ashima Valiathan. It discusses key concepts including scalars and vectors, resultants and components of orthodontic force systems, centers of resistance, moments of force, and couples. Understanding these basic mechanical principles is important for optimizing tooth movement, anchorage control, and designing new orthodontic appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Forces applied to teeth can produce three types of tooth movement:
1) Translation (bodily movement) occurs when the force passes through the tooth's center of resistance.
2) Rotation occurs when the force's moment is non-zero due to the distance between its line of action and the center of resistance.
3) Combined translation and rotation results from forces that do not produce pure translation or rotation.
The center of resistance is the point about which a tooth can theoretically rotate when forces are applied. It is usually located within the root and varies depending on root length and bone support. The moment of a force, which determines its tendency to rotate a tooth, is calculated as the force magnitude multiplied by
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Common sense mechanics 4 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Andrew's swa retraction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biomechanical principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like stress, strain, strength, stiffness, range, resilience, and formability as they relate to orthodontic wires. It also discusses biomechanical concepts including forces, centers of mass/gravity/resistance, moments of forces, and couples. It provides equations for determining stress, strain, strength, and moments. The document discusses how the ratio of moment to force determines the type of tooth movement, such as tipping, translation, or rotation. Frictional forces are also discussed along with factors that influence friction like bracket and wire dimensions.
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses tip, torque, and their control in orthodontic treatment. It defines tip as the mesiodistal or faciolingual angle of a tooth's long axis relative to a perpendicular line. Torque is defined as the rotational force applied about a longitudinal axis, and is how root positioning is controlled in orthodontics. The document discusses techniques for controlling tip and torque in various orthodontic appliances and treatment stages, including using preadjusted brackets, bending archwires into different orders, and fully programmed vs. non-programmed appliances.
The moment of inertia and radius of gyration describe an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion. Moment of inertia depends on an object's mass distribution and distance from the axis of rotation, and determines the torque needed to cause angular acceleration. Radius of gyration characterizes how an object's mass is distributed about an axis. It is desirable to have a small moment of inertia when one wants to increase angular velocity, such as when divers bring in their limbs to spin faster, and a large moment of inertia when rotational stability is needed, like for a flywheel or long jumper in mid-air.
This document discusses stresses and resisting areas for different types of loading on structural members. It covers direct/axial loading, transverse loading, and tangential/twisting loading. Key concepts include:
- Area moment of inertia (I) and polar moment of inertia (J) describe a cross-section's resistance to bending and twisting stresses.
- Beams must be designed to resist both bending stresses from applied moments and twisting stresses if external torques are present.
- Bending stresses are induced by bending moments and cause compression on the top fibers and tension on the bottom fibers. Assumptions made in calculating bending stresses are discussed.
This document discusses balancing of rotating masses to minimize vibrations. It introduces the concept of balancing a disturbing mass on a rotating shaft by attaching an equal and opposite balancing mass. There are four cases of balancing discussed: 1) a single mass balanced by a single mass in the same plane, 2) a single mass balanced by two masses in different planes, 3) multiple masses balanced in the same plane, and 4) multiple masses balanced in different planes. The key is ensuring the centrifugal forces balance and any couples produced are canceled out to achieve complete dynamic balancing. Formulas for calculating balancing masses in different balancing scenarios are also provided.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque in p.e.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ortho force systems /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biomechanical concepts in orthodontics including forces, moments, couples, and moment-to-force ratios. It explains how these concepts relate to different types of tooth movement and how orthodontic appliances create force systems. Specifically, it describes determinate and indeterminate force systems, classifications of appliances including no couple, one couple, and two couple systems, and how to predict tooth movement based on analyzing equivalent force systems at the center of resistance. The overall message is that understanding biomechanical principles allows for controlled and predictable orthodontic tooth movement.
- Biomechanics in orthodontics refers to the reaction of dental and facial structures to orthodontic forces.
- Key concepts in biomechanics include force, center of mass, center of resistance, center of rotation, moment, and couple.
- The different types of tooth movement that can occur due to forces and moments include tipping, translation, root movement, rotation, intrusion, and extrusion. Efficient orthodontic treatment requires sound treatment plans backed by sound mechanical/biomechanical plans.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the basics of orthodontic force systems. It defines key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and couple. It explains that applying a force through the center of an object causes translation, while applying it away from the center also induces rotation. A couple produces pure rotation since its forces cancel out translation. The document describes how to achieve different types of tooth movement, such as uncontrolled tipping, controlled tipping, translation, torque, and rotation, by manipulating the relationship between the moment of the applied force and any opposing moment of a couple.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
This document discusses various techniques for en masse space closure and tooth movement. It describes 3 methods for closing extraction space: anterior retraction alone, a combination of anterior retraction and posterior protraction, and posterior protraction alone. It also discusses T-springs, including their force characteristics and how to preactivate them. Different mechanics are described for moving anterior and posterior teeth together versus separately.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes a seminar on mechanical concepts in orthodontics given by Dr. Sandhya Anand under the guidance of Prof. Ashima Valiathan. It discusses key concepts including scalars and vectors, resultants and components of orthodontic force systems, centers of resistance, moments of force, and couples. Understanding these basic mechanical principles is important for optimizing tooth movement, anchorage control, and designing new orthodontic appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Forces applied to teeth can produce three types of tooth movement:
1) Translation (bodily movement) occurs when the force passes through the tooth's center of resistance.
2) Rotation occurs when the force's moment is non-zero due to the distance between its line of action and the center of resistance.
3) Combined translation and rotation results from forces that do not produce pure translation or rotation.
The center of resistance is the point about which a tooth can theoretically rotate when forces are applied. It is usually located within the root and varies depending on root length and bone support. The moment of a force, which determines its tendency to rotate a tooth, is calculated as the force magnitude multiplied by
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Common sense mechanics 4 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Andrew's swa retraction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The document discusses biomechanical principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like stress, strain, strength, stiffness, range, resilience, and formability as they relate to orthodontic wires. It also discusses biomechanical concepts including forces, centers of mass/gravity/resistance, moments of forces, and couples. It provides equations for determining stress, strain, strength, and moments. The document discusses how the ratio of moment to force determines the type of tooth movement, such as tipping, translation, or rotation. Frictional forces are also discussed along with factors that influence friction like bracket and wire dimensions.
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses tip, torque, and their control in orthodontic treatment. It defines tip as the mesiodistal or faciolingual angle of a tooth's long axis relative to a perpendicular line. Torque is defined as the rotational force applied about a longitudinal axis, and is how root positioning is controlled in orthodontics. The document discusses techniques for controlling tip and torque in various orthodontic appliances and treatment stages, including using preadjusted brackets, bending archwires into different orders, and fully programmed vs. non-programmed appliances.
The moment of inertia and radius of gyration describe an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion. Moment of inertia depends on an object's mass distribution and distance from the axis of rotation, and determines the torque needed to cause angular acceleration. Radius of gyration characterizes how an object's mass is distributed about an axis. It is desirable to have a small moment of inertia when one wants to increase angular velocity, such as when divers bring in their limbs to spin faster, and a large moment of inertia when rotational stability is needed, like for a flywheel or long jumper in mid-air.
This document discusses stresses and resisting areas for different types of loading on structural members. It covers direct/axial loading, transverse loading, and tangential/twisting loading. Key concepts include:
- Area moment of inertia (I) and polar moment of inertia (J) describe a cross-section's resistance to bending and twisting stresses.
- Beams must be designed to resist both bending stresses from applied moments and twisting stresses if external torques are present.
- Bending stresses are induced by bending moments and cause compression on the top fibers and tension on the bottom fibers. Assumptions made in calculating bending stresses are discussed.
This document discusses balancing of rotating masses to minimize vibrations. It introduces the concept of balancing a disturbing mass on a rotating shaft by attaching an equal and opposite balancing mass. There are four cases of balancing discussed: 1) a single mass balanced by a single mass in the same plane, 2) a single mass balanced by two masses in different planes, 3) multiple masses balanced in the same plane, and 4) multiple masses balanced in different planes. The key is ensuring the centrifugal forces balance and any couples produced are canceled out to achieve complete dynamic balancing. Formulas for calculating balancing masses in different balancing scenarios are also provided.
simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth jco1998.Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque in p.e.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics of Orthodontic Tooth Movement _2 - Dr. Nabil Al-ZubairNabil Al-Zubair
This document discusses the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like biomechanical principles and analyzes force systems used for orthodontic tooth movement. Physiologic tooth movement includes eruption, migration, and movement during chewing. Histologically, tooth movement occurs through bone remodeling on pressure and tension sides in response to optimal continuous forces. Excessive forces can delay movement or cause root resorption. To control tooth movement, orthodontists calculate the moment to force ratio based on a tooth's center of resistance and applied forces.
Orthodontic brackets are components bonded to teeth that transfer force from archwires to move teeth into proper alignment and function. There are various bracket designs that differ in material, size, shape, and prescription. The development of pre-adjusted edgewise brackets aimed to directly guide teeth into normal occlusion with fewer bends in the archwire. However, individual variations still require some adjustments to achieve ideal positioning. Modern bracket types include self-ligating, ceramic, and lingual systems that offer enhanced aesthetics, mechanics, or patient comfort.
This document provides an overview of orthodontics and orthodontic tooth movement. It defines orthodontics as the specialty concerned with treatment and management of malocclusion. Orthodontic tooth movement results from forces delivered by fixed or removable appliances and occurs through the periodontal ligament in response to these mechanical forces. Proper application of biomechanical principles can improve treatment efficiency. Different types of tooth movement like tipping, translation, and rotation are discussed along with optimal force levels and durations. Factors like wire properties, bracket size and material are also covered.
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics in begg's stage1 & stage2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics of tooth movement /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Principles of biomechanics in orthodontics / dental implant courses by India...Indian dental academy
The document discusses key concepts in orthodontic biomechanics. It begins by explaining how orthodontic tooth movement is initiated by mechanical forces from appliances. It then defines fundamental terms like force, moment, and center of resistance. It describes how varying the ratio of moment to force can control the type of tooth movement. It discusses concepts such as uncontrolled tipping, controlled tipping, translation, and root movement. It also addresses how to predict the force systems generated by different appliances and understand their effects on tooth displacement. The overall document provides an introduction to biomechanical principles underlying orthodontic treatment planning and appliance design.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
biomechanical principles in orthodontics / prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Orthodontic biomechanics / orthodontic courses in india / /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Copy of biomech 01 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
This document discusses biomechanics principles relevant to orthodontics. It defines key terms like force, moment, and couple. Forces can produce both translation and rotation of teeth. The center of resistance is where tooth movement is concentrated. Applying a moment to force ratio can determine the type of tooth movement, such as uncontrolled tipping, controlled tipping, translation, or rotation. Understanding biomechanics fundamentals is important for orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Forces, moments, and couples are important design factors in orthodontic appliances. A force is a push or pull that can move an object, while a moment is the turning effect of a force around a pivot point like a tooth's center of resistance. Applying a couple, or two equal and opposite forces, can produce pure rotation without translation. The magnitude of a moment depends on the force applied and its distance from the center of resistance. Different moment-to-force ratios control the degree of tooth movement, from uncontrolled tipping to bodily movement to root torque. Wider brackets allow for larger moments and easier control of root position during space closure compared to narrow brackets.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various mechanical concepts relevant to orthodontics including forces, moments, couples, centers of resistance and rotation, and their applications. It begins by defining scalars, vectors, forces, and resultants. It then discusses centers of resistance, gravity, and rotation. Moment of force, couples, and torque are also defined. The document outlines Newton's laws and static equilibrium. It concludes by discussing force systems and their relationships to different types of tooth movement including tipping, translation, and rotation.
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. Forces in orthodontics are vectors that have magnitude, direction, and sense. The center of resistance is the point where a force must pass through to produce pure translation of a tooth.
2. When a force does not pass through the center of resistance, it produces a moment that causes rotation. Different force systems and moments produce different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, root movement, and rotation.
3. The principle of action and reaction applies to orthodontic tooth movement. Applying a force to one tooth produces reactive forces on other teeth, so anchorage control is important. Document provides examples of how to determine forces from wire bends and correct different malocclusions using mechanics.
Copy of biomech /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
3.
Introduction
What is Biomechanics
Center of gravity
Center of resistance
Center of rotation
Various Terminologies and laws
FORCE
MOMENT
COUPLE
MOMENT TO FORCE RATIO
STATEOF EQUILIBRIUM
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Begg Mechanotherapy
INTRODUCTION
Objectives of Stage-I
o Biomechanics of incisor intrusion
Degree of anchor bend
Role of Class II elastics
o Biomechanics of Incisor Tipping
Objectives of Stage-II
o Biomechanics of space closure
Conclusion
Bibliography
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. The physical concepts that form the
foundation of orthodontic mechanics
are the key in understanding how
orthodontic appliances work .
The principles are not unique to
orthodontics but are basic to the
science of static mechanics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. With the objective of achieving
predictable results based on
predetermined treatment goals, the
basic mechanics underlying
orthodontic appliance activation must
be thoroughly understood.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Biomechanics is the study of
mechanics as it affects the biologic
systems. It is the application of
mechanics to the biology of tooth
movement.
Biology + Mechanics = Biomechanics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Physical properties such as distance,
weight, temperature and force are
treated mathematically as either
SCALARS or VECTORS.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. SCALARS include temperature and
weight, they have a definite
magnitude but do not have a direction.
They are completely described by
their magnitude.www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. VECTORS include force, these have
both magnitude and direction. In case
of force, along with magnitude and
direction, point of application of force
must be taken into account.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Various terminologies and laws:
FORCE
MOMENT
COUPLE
MOMENT TO FORCE RATIO
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. FORCE:
It is defined as an act upon a body that
changes or tends to change the state of
rest or motion of the body.
Force is a vector it has both magnitude
and direction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. The forces are indicated by straight
arrows
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. In case of understanding the magnitude
and direction of tooth movement, point
of application of force is important
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. CENTER OF MASS
Each body has a point in its mass,
which behaves as if the whole mass is
concentrated at that single point, which
we call the CENTER OF MASS in a
gravity free environment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Center of Gravity:
The same is called center of Gravity in
an environment where gravity is
present.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. The center of gravity of the tooth is
located more towards the crown of the
tooth as the mass of the tooth is
concentrated more coronally
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Since the tooth is partially restrained
as its root is embedded in bone its
center of gravity moves apically and
this is known as CENTER OF
RESISTANCE (Cres)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. In case of single rooted tooth center of
resistance is on the long axis of tooth
between one third and one half of the
root length apical to alveolar crest.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. For a multirooted root, the center of
resistance is probably between the
roots 1-2 mm apical to furcation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Center of Resistance Varies (Cres):
Length of root: Maxillary canine has a
longer root than maxillary lateral incisor,
thus center of resistance of canine will
be more apically placed as compared
with center of resistance of lateral
incisor.www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Periodontal status: The center of
resistance shifts apically in
periodontally compromised patients.
Alveolar bone height: Center of
resistance shifts apically as with the
alveolar bone loss.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. The center of resistance for a single
rooted tooth estimated by different
authors is;
At 50% of root length – Proffit, Nikoli
Between 50% to 30% of root length –
Smith and Burstone.
At 33% of root length – Burstone
Between 25% to 33% root length –
Nanda
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Moments can be symbolized by
curved arrows.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. MOMENT is the product of the force times
the perpendicular distance from the point of
force application to the center of resistance.
M = F x d
It is measured in grams – millimeters.
F
d
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. MOMENT OF FORCE:
Moment is a measure of the turning
tendency produced by a force.
When a force is applied at any point
other than through the center of
resistance in addition of moving the
center of resistance in direction of the
force, a moment is created.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. In case of tooth, since it is embedded in
the alveolar bone, we cannot apply
force directly on Cres, but can apply
force on the exposed part of the tooth,
which is at a distance from Cres.
Therefore with a single force we
invariably create a moment called as
moment of force.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. A MOMENT may be referred as
Rotation
Tipping
Torquing.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. If a line of action does not pass
through the center of resistance the
force will produce some rotation. The
potential for rotation is called as
moment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. The direction of a moment can be
determined by continuing the line of
action of the force around the center
of resistance.
F x d(X) = M(X)www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. CENTER OF ROTATION:
It may be defined as a point about
which a body appears to have rotated
as determined from its initial to final
position.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. A simple method of determining a
Center of rotation - Draw the long axis
of the tooth in its initial and final
positions; we will see that both these
lines intersect at a point.
This is the point around which the
tooth rotates and is called Center of
rotation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Center of rotation could be at the center
of resistance, apical or Incisal to Cres
or at infinity. Its position will
determine the type of tooth
movement.
The moment to force ratio controls the
center of rotation for the intended
tooth movement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. TYPES OF TOOTH
MOVEMENT
POSITION OF THE
CENTER OF ROTATION
A. Translation
B. Uncontrolled tipping
C. Controlled tipping
D. Root movement or Torquing
Lies at infinity
Slightly apical to center of
resistance
Apex of root
Incisal or occlusal edge
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Uncontrolled tipping: In this situation,
when force is applied the crown
moves in one direction and root
moves in the opposite direction. Here
Center of rotation lies near to center
of resistance. This is referred as
uncontrolled tipping.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Controlled Tipping: In this situation,
crown moves in the direction of force
but the root position remains the same
or get minimally displaced. Here
Center of rotation lies at apex of the
root.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Translation : In this situation tooth
moves bodily i.e. both crown and root
portion of tooth moves bodily in the
direction of force. Here Center of
rotation lies at infinity. All the points in
the tooth move by same distance in
the same direction in translation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Root movement: In this situation,
root moves in the direction of force but
the crown position remains the same
or get minimally displaced. Here
Center of rotation lies at incisal edge
of the crown.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. COUPLE:
Two equal and opposite, non -
collinear forces are called a couple.
Couple consists of two forces of equal
magnitude, which are parallel to each
other but not coincident and they face
in opposite direction.
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50. The moment of this couple is equal to
the magnitude of one of the forces
multiplied by the perpendicular
distance between the two lines of
action of force.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. If the two forces of the couple act on
opposite sides of the center of
resistance, their effect is additive.
However, if they are on the same side
of the center of resistance, their effect
is subtractive
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. In terms of direction, the counter-
balancing moment is always going to
be in the direction opposite the
moment of force.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. It seems that type of movement
exhibited by a tooth is determined by
the ratio of the counter-balancing
moment produced to the net force that
is applied to a tooth .
This is called as the moment to
force ratio .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. The ratio of the counter-balancing
moment to the force applied
determines the type of tooth
displacement, brought about by the
combined application of a force and
counter-balancing moment.
As the counter-balancing moment
increases, the center of rotation
moves apically.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. At one specific level of M/F, the
moment which arises from the force
and the applied counter-balancing
moment cancel out each other i.e.
there is no rotational component, and
hence only a translation takes place
under the effect of force .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. M/F Ratio values normally quoted of various
types of displacements are
M/F ratio less than 5:1 causes uncontrolled
tipping in which the crown and the root apex
move in opposite directions.
M/F ratio between 5:1 and 8:1 causes
controlled tipping in which the root apex
remains stationary and only the crown
moves.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. M/F ratio of 10:1 causes translation.
The crown and the root apex move to
same extent in the same direction of
force.
M/F ratio of 12:1 causes root
movement. The crown remains
stationary while only the root moves.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. It is important to note that the
differences between the M/F Ratio for
controlled tipping, translation and root
movement are small.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. In other words, even small alterations
in the magnitude of the applied force
or the counter-balancing moment will
alter the type of tooth movement
brought about.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
65. When an appliance is fitted in the
mouth, it assumes a state of equilibrium.
The active elements in the appliance
generate certain forces or moments.
Other forces or moments arise
automatically in the system to balance
these forces or moments. Some of them
may be beneficial while others may be
undesirable.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Whenever state of equilibrium is
established in the system the sum of all
forces and moments (together) present
must be zero in all three planes.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
67. For example, tip back bend (like the
bite opening bend in Begg appliance)
generates a moment which tends to
tip the molar tooth crown distally. This
is balanced by an automatic creation
of another moment in the overall
system in opposite direction
comprising of two forces an intrusive
force at the anterior end and on
extrusive force on the molar.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
70. Begg mechanotherapy is very efficient
in opening the deep anterior
overbites. It is generally agreed that
Begg mechanics bring about bite
opening by a combination of molar
extrusion (especially of lower molars)
and some intrusion of lower anteriors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. Upper anteriors may not change in
their position in vertical direction (i.e.
they are prevented from erupting) or
may intrude slightly or may even
extrude slightly.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
72. There are three basic movements in
the Begg mechanotherapy
Incisor intrusion
Tipping of teeth
Root uprighting.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
73. The mechanism of intrusion is
understood by considering the net
intrusive force magnitude and direction
in relation to Centre of resistance of
tooth.
While tipping of teeth and root
uprighting is explained on the basis of
M/F ratio.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. Open the anterior bite :
Proper amount of bite opening bends
or curves in the arch wire.
Continuous wearing of Class II
(intermaxillary) elastics as required.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
76. Eliminate anterior crowding :
Vertical loops between crowded
anterior teeth, with bracket areas
modified for desired overcorrection.
Loop arch wire
NiTi wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
77. Close anterior spaces :
Plain arch wire with latex elastic or
elastomeric chain from cuspid to
cuspid.
Closure of Anterior spaces by cuspid tie
www.indiandentalacademy.com
78. Over correct rotated cuspids and
bicuspids :
Rotating springs
Elastomeric traction into the arch
wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
81. Over correct the mesiodistal
relationship of the buccal segments
Continuous wearing of class II
elastics.
Proper bite opening bends in both
upper and lower arch wires.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
83. As we understand today the Begg
appliance is a good example of single
couple system.
Stage I arch wire
www.indiandentalacademy.com
84. The orthodontic environment created
during stage I is conducive to rapid
movement of anterior teeth under the
light forces generated by the arch
wires and intermaxillary elastics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
86. Lack of true intrusion of the maxillary
incisors was one of the major
weaknesses of traditional Begg.
Bite opening occurred mainly on
account of molar extrusion and some
intrusion of the lower incisors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
87. Whether the upper incisors are
intruded is a debated issue.
The round archwire derives bite
opening force from the anchor bends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
88. A clockwise moment generated by the
anchor bend in the molar tube (upper)
is automatically balanced by the
generation of anticlockwise moment in
the anterior segment along with
intrusive force on the anterior and
extrusive force on the molars in order
to establish state of equilibrium.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
89. This anticlockwise moment generated
in the anterior segment bring about
labial flaring of the upper anteriors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
90. This flaring tendency of upper incisors
can be resisted by using Class II
elastics during stage I.
But class II force along with horizontal
component have vertical component
of force which reduces the magnitude
of the intrusive force of the arch wire
on the upper anteriors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
91. Thus the interplay between the
intrusive force from the archwire and
the retractive force from the elastics
determines both the magnitude and
direction of the net resultant force
acting on anterior teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
92. THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE
ANCHOR BEND AND CLASS II
ELASTICS
CLASS II ELASTIC
FORCE
INTRUSIONFORC
www.indiandentalacademy.com
93. VARIOUS TYPES OF BITE
OPENING BENDS:
The Anchor bend the conventional
bite opening bend causes more
intrusion of canines while the lateral
and central incisors progressively lag
behind.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
94. A Gable bend causes a progressively
more intrusion of central and lateral
incisor, as compared to canine
Mollenhouer’s bite opening curve –
Mollenhouers especially recommends
it with use of 0.018 wire.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
96. Swain modification: Mild gingival curve
is incorporated in the anterior section,
from mesial of cuspid to mesial of other
side cuspid.
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98. OPTIMAL INTRUSIVE FORCE VALUE
Many authors have suggested
optimum intrusive force values
ranging from 15-30 grams per upper
incisor and slightly higher values for
upper canines.
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99. For active intrusion the upper
anteriors should receive
approximately 60 grams net force in
the midline, after negating the
extrusive component of Class II
elastics.
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101. Hocevar stated that 120 grams of
intrusive force generated by arch wire
in conjunction with 60 grams of Class
II elastics pull on either side is
“efficient for intrusion”
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102. According to Dr.Jayade net intrusive
force of 60 grams can be obtained by
a combination of 75 grams of intrusive
force generated by arch wire and
some modification in wearing of
elastics that is by using light elastic
forces for longer periods from 2-5
days. Very light Class II force is
delivered as the elastic force
diminishes rapidly in oral environment.
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103. Sims states the use of 3/8” ultra light
elastics instead of routinely used
5/16” light elastics. He said continue
the same elastic for 4-5 days till they
break.
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104. Role of Class I Elastic
Forces
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105. Modifying the force system to achieve
simultaneous intrusion and retraction
using Class I elastic instead of Class
II elastics was first illustrated by Shin
Yang Liu (1981).
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106. He summarized that the direction of
resultant force should pass through
the center of resistance of anterior
teeth (or close to it).
Therefore, substituting Class II elastic
forces by Class I elastic forces would
orient the resultant force more
vertically passing nearer to the center
of resistance of anterior teeth.
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107. In traditional begg technique the
direction of the intrusive vector of the
maxillary arch wire and the extrusive
vector of the class II elastics are
opposite. This accounts for the
difficulty in obtaining anterior maxillary
teeth intrusion.
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108. In this technique modification, of
using Class I elastics, it solve the
problem of lack of intrusion of the
maxillary anteriors.
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109. In this arrangement the vectors are in
the same direction as the elastic pull
and the archwire force are
unidirectional and hence synergistic.
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110. Dr. Jyothindra Kumar introduced
concept of power arms as a point of
attachment high up in the vestibule for
the engagement of Class I elastics.
CLASS I ELASTIC FORCE
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111. Dr. Jayade has been using Class I
elastics, which were worn from
transpalatal arch (TPA) to the canine
hooks/loops.
CLASS I ELASTIC FORCE
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112. It is impossible to precisely calculate
the required intrusive force every time,
for every patient, since it is dependent
on various variables.
Different root sizes and tooth
inclination.
Different arch sizes, which affect the
length of the wire spans and stretch of
the elastics.
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113. Individual biomechanical response
Difference in the archwire sizes.
Normally .018” wire will produce more
intrusive force as compared to 0.016”
wire when some degree of anchor
bend is given.
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114. THE CONCLUSION IS, “TO USE
HIGHER INTRUSIVE FORCES IN
COMBINATION WITH VERY
LIGHT CLASS II ELASTIC
FORCES FOR ACTIVE UPPER
INCISOR INTRUSION”
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116. Teeth respond only to the resultant
of the forces which are applied and
not to the individual components of
the force system.
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117. During Stage I, the upper anteriors are
subjected to two forces i.e. the
retractive force of class II elastics and
the intrusive force generated by the
anchor bend in the arch wire. The
resultant of these two will determine
how the upper anterior teeth respond
to the intrusion.
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118. THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE
ANCHOR BEND AND CLASS II
ELASTICS
CLASS II ELASTIC
FORCE
INTRUSIONFORC
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119. The direction and magnitude of
resultant force both depend upon the
interplay between.
Magnitude of Intrusive Force: Whose
direction remains constant i.e.
tangential to the arc that the anterior
segment of the archwire would
subscribe, if released from the
brackets.
Magnitude and the direction of the
elastic force.
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120. Different inclinations of the anterior
teeth would require different
combinations of the intrusive and
elastic forces.
Hocevar states, that the teeth are not
affected by the magnitudes of
various components of force
systems, they experience only the
total resultant force
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121. For example, in case of severely
proclined upper anteriors a low
magnitude of intrusive force along
with high class II force would give a
desired resultant force, passing
palatal to Cres, this will help
correcting the proclination of incisors .
Once the inclination of upper incisors
is corrected then the class II elastics
force is reduced helping in keeping
the resultant force close to Cres .
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123. In Class II Division 2 cases , where the
upper centrals are retroclined , only
intrusive force should be used
(Avoiding the Class II elastics) The
intrusive force acts labial to Cres and
corrects the retroclination. Once the
inclination is corrected then we can use
Class II elastics .
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126. Rotating spring works on the principal
of couple.
Since in rotating spring the couple
generated is acting on one side of
Cres of tooth so it is less effective as
compared to couple acting on either
side of Cres
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130. CLASS II ELASTIC
FORCE
The concept of tipping back the
teeth in the first stage & further in
stage II …
INTRUSIONFORC
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131. Generally, uncontrolled tipping is
undesirable because it leads to root
resorption as stated by Reitan. There
is more resorption when uncontrolled
tipping is in labio-lingual direction.
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132. Intrusion and tipping are intimately
related not only because they are
carried out simultaneously but also,
when both are balanced judiciously it
help in overcoming uncontrolled
tipping of incisors.
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133. This is achieved by manipulating the
intrusive force generated by wire and
retractive component of force from the
Class II elastics.
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134. BOTH THE ANCHOR BEND IN THE
WIRE AND CLASS II ELASTICS
PRODUCE MOMENTS IN THE
SAME LABIO-LINGUAL PLANE
BUT ACT IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTIONS.
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135. The intrusive force produces crown
labial-root lingual moment i.e.
anticlockwise moment on the upper
anteriors. While the retractive force
produced the Class II elastics
generates clockwise moment i.e.
crown lingual-root labial moment
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136. The moment from the intrusive force
can act as the counter balance
moment against the moment
produced by the elastic force.
The ratio of the former to the
retraction component of the elastic
force is the M/F ratio which governs
the type of tipping while retracting the
anterior teeth.
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137. The most important consideration is to
keep light Class II elastic and use
adequate amount of intrusive force
so that correct M/F ratio (8:1) is
obtained to have a controlled
tipping.
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139. In the refined Begg mechanics, use of
MAA (Mollenhauer’s Aligning
Auxillary) which provides a moment in
the labio-lingual plane by creating a
couple. This couple moment is an
anti-clockwise moment.
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142. The moment produced by the anchor bend is
in the anticlockwise direction in the Y – Axis.
In case of MAA, the moment of couple
generated again is in anticlockwise direction
but in X – Axis.
Both the moments generated by the anchor
bend and the MAA are in the anticlockwise
direction thus gets summed up.
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143. Once the bite is opened in the first
stage, the intrusive force level is
reduced which inturn reduces M/F
ratio. This leads to greater likelihood
of uncontrolled tipping of upper
anterior teeth during later part of the
first stage and whole of second stage.
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144. Thus the anticlockwise moment
produced by anchor bend on anterior
is supplemented by the moment of
couple produced by MAA
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145. Flaring occurs as lower incisors are
subjected to crown labial root-lingual
moment from the intrusive force
generated in arch wire, while there is
no restraining force on these teeth as
similar to Class II elastic force on
Upper incisors.
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147. The flaring can be avoided by two
means;
Minimizing the clockwise force
moment by reducing the intrusive
force.
Secondly, cinching tightly the distal
ends of the arch wire.
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148. Lastly by producing counter moment
using a MAA for labial root torque or a
reverse torquing auxiliary (Udder
arch)
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150. In case of severely lingually tipped
lower anteriors, Cres will be lying
buccal to the point of application of
the intrusive force generated by the
anchor bend so there is more chances
to tip the lower anteriors more
lingually.
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151. So in that case we give a By pass
arch wire in order to upright the lower
incisors .
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155. Among the traditionally described
stages of Begg technique, the second
stage of treatment involves closure of
extraction spaces. This is thought to
be the easiest phase of treatment.
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156. During Stage II all the corrections
achieved during Stage I should be
maintained.
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157. Maintain Edge to Edge relationship
of anterior teeth
Maintain anterior space closure
To maintain overcorrected or normal
mesiodistal molar relationship
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158. In addition to the above, the stage II of
the refined Begg aims are
Controlled tipping of the incisors,
when space closure is to be mainly
achieved by the anterior retraction.
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160. When all the objectives of Stage I are
met stage II mechanics can be
instituted.
The sole or main purpose of II stage is
closure of extraction spaces.
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161. The extraction space can be closed by
either retraction of the anteriors or
protraction of the posteriors or
combination of both.
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163. The anchor bend should be sufficient
enough as to produce a counter
clockwise moment slightly less than
the clockwise moment produced by
the Class I elastics in anterior section
of upper arch.
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164. The M/F ratio should be sufficient
around 8/1 so as to have a controlled
tipping movement.
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165. CLASS I ELASTIC FORCE
INTRUSIONFORC
At the end of Stage II
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166. Same way in lower arch the clockwise
moment should be slightly lesser than
anticlockwise moment produced by
Class I elastics, so as to have
controlled tipping movement.
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167. Normally 0.016 upper and lower arch
wires with reduced bite opening bends
are used. Some authors say use of
heavy arch wire 0.020 as it will
function as retainers to maintain arch
form and bite opening achieved during
stage I.
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168. Dr. Swain advocated the use of lingual
attachments on molars and cuspids to
allow the use of lingual space closing
elastics to aid the traditionally used
buccal vector of intra maxillary elastic
force during stage II known as half
strength elastics.
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169. Two distinct advantages in using intra
maxillary (Half strength) space closing
elastics
It gives a better positional control over
the anchor molar thus obviating the
need for a mandatory compensate toe
in bend when using elastic force only
from buccal side.
Closure of extraction spaces becomes
easier.
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172. When further retraction of anterior
teeth into the remaining extraction
space is deemed undesirable
clinically, then the posterior teeth are
brought forward, that is posterior
teeth are mesialized.
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173. To achieve mesialization of posterior
teeth heavy elastic forces are
required with concurrent use of brakes
in the anterior region.
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174. Various brakes are:
Using uprighting springs (passive
springs)
Reverse torque to incisor roots (Udder
arch and MAA)
Using T pins
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176. CLASS I ELASTIC FORCE
INTRUSIONFORC
At the end of Stage II
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177. The brakes reverse the anchorage
site from the posterior to anterior
segment by allowing bodily movement
rather than the tipping of anterior
teeth, this bodily movement provides
more resistance hence acting as a
anchorage.
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179. The importance of biomechanics is
well understood in clinical
orthodontics. Application of
biomechanical principles improve
the efficacy of our appliance
system as well as orthodontic
technique.
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180. A common misconception is that the
application of biomechanical
properties would make the technique
too cumbersome. On the contrary,
biomechanically designed appliance
gives a predictable tooth movement,
optimal biologic tissue response and
minimal side effects.
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181. In the lighthearted note - One can say
that on the average, an orthodontist
spends half the treatment time on
problems presented by the patient
and other half on problems resulting
from treatment side effects .
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182. ORTHODONTICS COULD BE IN
OUR HAND IF WE USE
EFFICIENT BIOMECHANICS
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185. Nanda Ravindra. Biomechanics in
clinical orthodontics.Philadelphia: W.B
Saunders Company ;1997
Begg, P. R.: Begg orthodontic theory
and technique, Philadelphia, 1965, W.
B. Saunders Company.
Swain, B. F., and Ackerman, J. L.: An
evaluation of the Begg technique, AM.
J. ORTHOD. 55: 668-687, 1969.
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186. Hocevar RA: Orthodontic force systems:
Technical refinements for increased
efficiency. AM J ORTHOD 81: 1-11, 1982.
Hocevar RA: Understanding, planning, and
managing tooth movement: Orthodontic
force system theory. AM J ORTHOD 80:
457-477, 1981.
Reitan K: Tissue behavior during
orthodontic tooth movement. AM J
ORTHOD 46: 881-900, 1960.
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187. Hocevar RA: Orthodontic force systems:
Technical refinements for increased
efficiency. AM J ORTHOD 81: 1-11, 1982.
Hocevar RA: Understanding, planning, and
managing tooth movement: Orthodontic
force system theory. AM J ORTHOD 80:
457-477, 1981.
Reitan K: Tissue behavior during
orthodontic tooth movement. AM J
ORTHOD 46: 881-900, 1960.
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188. Cadman, G. R.: Nonextraction treatment of
Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with the
Begg technique, AM. J. ORTHOD. 68: 481-
498, 1975.
Sims, M. R.: Anchorage variation with the
light wire technique, AM. J. ORTHOD. 59:
456-469, 1971.
Marcotte MR: Prediction of orthodontic tooth
movement. AM J ORTHOD 69: 511-523,
1976.
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189. Thompson, W. J.: Current application of
Begg mechanics, AM. J. ORTHOD. 62:
245-271, 1972.
Begg, P. R., and Kesling, P. C.: The
differential force method of orthodontic
treatment,AM.J. ORTHOD. 71: 1-39,
1977.
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190. Shin-Yang Liu and C.W Herschleb:
Controlled movement of maxillary
incisors in the Begg technique AM.J.
ORTHOD.79 : 300-315, 1981.
Smith and Burstone: Mechanics of
tooth movement AM.J. ORTHOD.105:
294-307, 1984.
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