The document discusses biomechanical principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like stress, strain, strength, stiffness, range, resilience, and formability as they relate to orthodontic wires. It also discusses biomechanical concepts including forces, centers of mass/gravity/resistance, moments of forces, and couples. It provides equations for determining stress, strain, strength, and moments. The document discusses how the ratio of moment to force determines the type of tooth movement, such as tipping, translation, or rotation. Frictional forces are also discussed along with factors that influence friction like bracket and wire dimensions.
1. Andrews analyzed 120 non-orthodontically treated models and 1150 treated cases to identify six keys of optimal occlusion. This revealed inconsistencies in treated results compared to the natural optimal occlusion.
2. Shortcomings of traditional edgewise appliances include perpendicular bracket bases, flat bases, non-angled slots, equal stem prominence, lack of built-in molar offset, and unsatisfactory landmarks. This requires extensive wire bending to achieve optimal occlusion.
3. Andrews developed a preadjusted edgewise appliance to address these issues. The brackets are designed based on measurements of natural tooth morphology and positioning to guide teeth into optimal occlusion with minimal wire bending.
The document discusses the history and development of the Edgewise appliance, which was Edward Angle's greatest contribution to orthodontics. It describes how Angle developed the appliance over time, starting with the pin and tube appliance and ribbon arch appliance, and culminating in the edgewise appliance in the 1920s. The edgewise appliance introduced the concept of placing a rectangular wire into bracket slots to allow for three dimensional tooth movement. The summary also mentions some of the key innovators that influenced Angle and the parts of the edgewise appliance like brackets, tubes, and instruments used.
This document provides an overview of retraction mechanics. It begins with definitions of key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and center of rotation. It then discusses different types of anchorage and bends that can be used. Several methods for retraction are covered, including Begg's technique, friction mechanics, frictionless mechanics using loops, and canine retraction techniques. Factors influencing tooth movement and various appliances for retraction like utility arches and translation arches are also summarized. In conclusion, the document reviews different retraction strategies and appliances.
The document discusses factors that should be considered in the finishing and detailing stage of orthodontic treatment. It covers 17 factors identified by Dougherty, including correcting overjet/overbite, establishing correct tip and torque of anterior teeth, coordinating arch widths, establishing marginal ridge relationships and contact points. It also discusses esthetic procedures like gingival zenith and missing laterals, as well as periodontal procedures like supracrestal fibrotomy. The document provides guidelines for finishing based on ABO requirements, including overjet of 1-3mm and buccolingual tooth inclinations within 1mm of a straight edge. Positioners are also discussed for settling the occlusion at the finishing stage.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Preadjusted edgewise techniques /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the history and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances, leading to the development of the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. It describes Lawrence Andrews' research which identified six keys to optimal occlusion based on measurements of untreated dental casts. His studies found that traditional edgewise appliances did not achieve optimal occlusion in most treated cases. This led to the concept of a fully programmed pre-adjusted edgewise appliance that would incorporate his findings on natural tooth morphology and positioning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Andrews analyzed 120 non-orthodontically treated models and 1150 treated cases to identify six keys of optimal occlusion. This revealed inconsistencies in treated results compared to the natural optimal occlusion.
2. Shortcomings of traditional edgewise appliances include perpendicular bracket bases, flat bases, non-angled slots, equal stem prominence, lack of built-in molar offset, and unsatisfactory landmarks. This requires extensive wire bending to achieve optimal occlusion.
3. Andrews developed a preadjusted edgewise appliance to address these issues. The brackets are designed based on measurements of natural tooth morphology and positioning to guide teeth into optimal occlusion with minimal wire bending.
The document discusses the history and development of the Edgewise appliance, which was Edward Angle's greatest contribution to orthodontics. It describes how Angle developed the appliance over time, starting with the pin and tube appliance and ribbon arch appliance, and culminating in the edgewise appliance in the 1920s. The edgewise appliance introduced the concept of placing a rectangular wire into bracket slots to allow for three dimensional tooth movement. The summary also mentions some of the key innovators that influenced Angle and the parts of the edgewise appliance like brackets, tubes, and instruments used.
This document provides an overview of retraction mechanics. It begins with definitions of key terms like force, center of resistance, moment, and center of rotation. It then discusses different types of anchorage and bends that can be used. Several methods for retraction are covered, including Begg's technique, friction mechanics, frictionless mechanics using loops, and canine retraction techniques. Factors influencing tooth movement and various appliances for retraction like utility arches and translation arches are also summarized. In conclusion, the document reviews different retraction strategies and appliances.
The document discusses factors that should be considered in the finishing and detailing stage of orthodontic treatment. It covers 17 factors identified by Dougherty, including correcting overjet/overbite, establishing correct tip and torque of anterior teeth, coordinating arch widths, establishing marginal ridge relationships and contact points. It also discusses esthetic procedures like gingival zenith and missing laterals, as well as periodontal procedures like supracrestal fibrotomy. The document provides guidelines for finishing based on ABO requirements, including overjet of 1-3mm and buccolingual tooth inclinations within 1mm of a straight edge. Positioners are also discussed for settling the occlusion at the finishing stage.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Preadjusted edgewise techniques /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the history and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances, leading to the development of the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. It describes Lawrence Andrews' research which identified six keys to optimal occlusion based on measurements of untreated dental casts. His studies found that traditional edgewise appliances did not achieve optimal occlusion in most treated cases. This led to the concept of a fully programmed pre-adjusted edgewise appliance that would incorporate his findings on natural tooth morphology and positioning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Intrusion in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
This document discusses various techniques for positioning orthodontic brackets, including:
1. Standardized methods that use gauges to measure from tooth edges.
2. Andrews' FACC method which uses the central lobe of each tooth crown.
3. Individualized positioning that varies torque, angulation, and position for each tooth.
4. Progressive positioning by Pitts which places brackets more gingivally from posterior to anterior.
It also discusses bracket positioning considerations and modifications for specific tooth anomalies, malocclusions, and treatment plans.
Tweed merrifield philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides an overview of the evolution of functional appliances in orthodontics. It discusses early pioneers like Pierre Robin who developed the monobloc appliance in 1902 to treat malocclusions. Viggo Andresen is credited with developing the first true functional appliance called the activator in 1908, inspired by earlier works. The activator aimed to correct malocclusions by modifying muscle function rather than just tooth movement. The document traces the development of different functional appliances and controversies between the European and American approaches to orthodontics, with Europeans focusing more on removable appliances and functional treatment while Americans emphasized fixed appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
bracket positioning for smile arc protectionMaherFouda1
1. SAP (smile arc protection) bracket positioning individualizes bracket placement to each patient's esthetic needs and protects or enhances their smile arc. It generally positions upper incisor brackets more gingivally than canine brackets.
2. Bracket positioning affects wire plane, occlusal plane, and proclination of anterior teeth. More gingival placement of upper brackets creates a divergent wire plane to extrude incisors and rotate the occlusal plane clockwise, improving smile arc and display. It also engages torques earlier to upright proclined teeth.
3. Factors like occlusal plane steepness, arch width, and tooth shapes can make achieving a
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses the evolution of orthodontic appliances from early crude methods to the modern edgewise appliance. It describes Angle's E-arch appliance from 1880, followed by the pin and tube appliance and ribbon arch appliance. The edgewise appliance, introduced in 1925, solved issues with previous appliances and became the standard. The document outlines the development of edgewise brackets, buccal tubes, and techniques over time to improve control of tooth movement and treatment outcomes.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
This document provides guidelines for proper orthodontic bracket placement. It discusses positioning brackets on both the upper and lower dental arches. For the upper arch, it recommends placing maxillary second premolar brackets slightly more anteriorly to facilitate proper rotation into occlusion. It also advises ignoring the lingual cusp of asymmetric premolars when determining bracket placement. For the lower arch, it suggests placing mandibular premolar brackets more gingivally to avoid occlusal interference. Improperly positioned brackets can result in poor tooth alignment, longer treatment times, and less than ideal occlusion.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
This document discusses biomechanical principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like stress, strain, stiffness, and strength. It describes the center of resistance and how it relates to tooth movement. It discusses Newton's laws of motion and static equilibrium as they apply to orthodontics. Factors that influence friction during tooth sliding like bracket and wire dimensions are presented. The document provides equations for determining critical contact angles where binding will occur. It also compares the frictional forces of different bracket materials like stainless steel and ceramic.
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Intrusion in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Concepts of orthodontic bracket positioning techniques / fixed orthodontics c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
This document discusses various techniques for positioning orthodontic brackets, including:
1. Standardized methods that use gauges to measure from tooth edges.
2. Andrews' FACC method which uses the central lobe of each tooth crown.
3. Individualized positioning that varies torque, angulation, and position for each tooth.
4. Progressive positioning by Pitts which places brackets more gingivally from posterior to anterior.
It also discusses bracket positioning considerations and modifications for specific tooth anomalies, malocclusions, and treatment plans.
Tweed merrifield philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides an overview of the evolution of functional appliances in orthodontics. It discusses early pioneers like Pierre Robin who developed the monobloc appliance in 1902 to treat malocclusions. Viggo Andresen is credited with developing the first true functional appliance called the activator in 1908, inspired by earlier works. The activator aimed to correct malocclusions by modifying muscle function rather than just tooth movement. The document traces the development of different functional appliances and controversies between the European and American approaches to orthodontics, with Europeans focusing more on removable appliances and functional treatment while Americans emphasized fixed appliances.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
bracket positioning for smile arc protectionMaherFouda1
1. SAP (smile arc protection) bracket positioning individualizes bracket placement to each patient's esthetic needs and protects or enhances their smile arc. It generally positions upper incisor brackets more gingivally than canine brackets.
2. Bracket positioning affects wire plane, occlusal plane, and proclination of anterior teeth. More gingival placement of upper brackets creates a divergent wire plane to extrude incisors and rotate the occlusal plane clockwise, improving smile arc and display. It also engages torques earlier to upright proclined teeth.
3. Factors like occlusal plane steepness, arch width, and tooth shapes can make achieving a
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses the evolution of orthodontic appliances from early crude methods to the modern edgewise appliance. It describes Angle's E-arch appliance from 1880, followed by the pin and tube appliance and ribbon arch appliance. The edgewise appliance, introduced in 1925, solved issues with previous appliances and became the standard. The document outlines the development of edgewise brackets, buccal tubes, and techniques over time to improve control of tooth movement and treatment outcomes.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
This document provides guidelines for proper orthodontic bracket placement. It discusses positioning brackets on both the upper and lower dental arches. For the upper arch, it recommends placing maxillary second premolar brackets slightly more anteriorly to facilitate proper rotation into occlusion. It also advises ignoring the lingual cusp of asymmetric premolars when determining bracket placement. For the lower arch, it suggests placing mandibular premolar brackets more gingivally to avoid occlusal interference. Improperly positioned brackets can result in poor tooth alignment, longer treatment times, and less than ideal occlusion.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
This document discusses biomechanical principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It defines key terms like stress, strain, stiffness, and strength. It describes the center of resistance and how it relates to tooth movement. It discusses Newton's laws of motion and static equilibrium as they apply to orthodontics. Factors that influence friction during tooth sliding like bracket and wire dimensions are presented. The document provides equations for determining critical contact angles where binding will occur. It also compares the frictional forces of different bracket materials like stainless steel and ceramic.
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic biomechanics / orthodontic courses in india / /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
This document discusses various mechanical concepts relevant to orthodontics including forces, moments, couples, centers of resistance and rotation, and their applications. It begins by defining scalars, vectors, forces, and resultants. It then discusses centers of resistance, gravity, and rotation. Moment of force, couples, and torque are also defined. The document outlines Newton's laws and static equilibrium. It concludes by discussing force systems and their relationships to different types of tooth movement including tipping, translation, and rotation.
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechancal principles in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Copy of biomech /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics implants/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Moment to force ratio final presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers key topics like forces, moments, center of gravity, center of resistance, center of rotation, and moment-to-force ratios. These principles are then applied to explain the mechanics of Begg mechanotherapy, specifically how it achieves incisor intrusion, incisor tipping, and space closure through control of moments and forces.
Similar to Andrew's swa retraction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Dear Doctor,
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentalcasting alloys/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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3. Mechanics is the discipline that
describes the effects of forces on
bodies
Biomechanics refers to the science of
mechanics in relation to biologic system.
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4. MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES IN
ORTHODONTICS
STRESS- internal distribution of the load
defined as force per unit area
STRAIN- internal distortion produced by the load
deflection per unit length
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5. STRENGTH- maximal load that the material can resist
measured in stress units( gm/cm2)
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6. STIFFNESS- inverse of springiness
given by the slope of the stress strain
curve
RANGE- distance that the wire will bend elastically
before permanent deformation occurs
measured in mm
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8. STRENGTH = STIFFNESS X RANGE
RESILIENCE- energy storage capacity
area under the stress strain curve
upto the proportional limit
FORMABILITY- amt of permanent deformation
that a wire can withstand without
failing
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10. SOME BIOMECHANICAL TERMS
FORCE- load applied to an object that will tend to
move it to a different position in space
F = ma
units are newton,gms or ounces
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11. Center of mass
Each body has a point on
its mass , which behaves as
if the whole mass is
concentrated at that single
point. We call it the center
of mass in a gravity free
environment.
Center of gravity
The same is called the
centre of gravity in an
environment when gravity is
present.
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12. CENTER OF MASS-(of a free body) is the point
through which an applied force must pass to move it
linearly without any rotation. This center of mass is
the free objects “Balance Point”
CENTER OF RESISTANCE- is the equivalent balance
point of a restrained body.
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13. Center of resistance
of 2 teeth
Center of resistance of maxilla
Center of resistance of
Maxillary molar
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AJO DO 90: 29-36, 1986
14. Center of resistance depending upon the level of alveolar bone.
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15. Center of resistance during anterior teeth
retraction
BURSTONE et al in 1987
BURSTONE et al in 1991
TURK et al in 2005
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17. Center of rotation
defined as a point about which a body appears to have
rotated, as determined from its initial and final positions.
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18. A simple method for determining a
center of rotation is to take any
two points on the tooth and
connect the before and after
positions of each point with a line.
The intersection of the
perpendicular bisectors of these
lines is the center of rotation
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AJO DO 85(4):294-307,1984
19. Moment of the force :It is the tendency of a force to produce rotation.
The force is not acting through the Cres
It is determined by multiplying the magnitude of force by the
perpendicular distance of the line of action to the center of
resistance.
Unit– Newton . mm ( Gm. mm)
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20. The direction of moment of force can be determined by continuing
the line of action around the Cres
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21. Couple
A couple consists of two forces of equal magnitude, with parallel but
noncolinear lines of action and opposite senses.
1000gm.mm
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22. Moment of a couple
The tendency of a couple to produce pure rotation around the Cres
The magnitude of a couple is calculated by multiplying the magnitude
of forces by the distance between them
Unit :- Newton . mm (Gm . mm)
Cres
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23. In orthodontics depending up on the plane in which the couple is acting
they are called as
Rotation-1st order
Tipping- 2nd order
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Torque- 3rd order
24. Systems Equivalent force
A useful method for predicting the type of tooth movement that will
occur with the appliance activation is to determine the “ equivalent
force system at tooth’s center of resistance.
It’s done in three steps
First- Forces are replaced at the Cres maintaining its magnitude and
direction
Second- The moment of force is also placed at the Cres.
Third- Applied moment ( moment of couple in bracket wire combination)
is also placed at Cres.
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26. Moment to force ratio & types of tooth movement
The type of movement exhibited by a tooth is determined by the
ratio between the magnitude of the couple (M) and the force (F)
applied at the bracket.
The ratio of the two has units of millimeters
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27. Tipping
-Greater movement of crown of the tooth than of the root
Uncontrolled tipping:
-Movement of the root apex and crown in opposite direction
-Crot – Between Cres and apex
-Mc/F ratio 0:1 to 5:1
-0<Mc/MF<1
Controlled tipping:
-Movement of the crown only
- Crot – At the root apex
-Mc/F ratio 7:1
-0<Mc/MF<1
JCO13:676-683,1979
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AJO 85(4):294-307,1984
28. Translation
-Bodily moment occurs
-Crot – At infinity
-Mc/F ratio 10:1
-Mc/MF=1
Root movement
-Root movement occurs with the crown being stationary
-Crot – at the incisal edge or the bracket
-Mc/F ratio 12:1 - Mc/MF>1
Pure rotational movement
-Root & crown move equally in opposite direction
- Crot – Just incisal to Cres
- Mc/F ratio 20:1 - Mc/MF>1
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JCO13:676-683,1979
AJO 85(4):294-307,1984
29. Newton’s Laws :
First Law: The Law Of Inertia
Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a
straight line unless it is compelled to change by the forces impressed
on it.
Second Law :The Law Of Acceleration
The change in motion is proportional to the motive force impressed
& is made in the direction of straight line in which the force is
impressed.
Third Law :The Law Of Action & Reaction
To every action there is always opposing & equal reaction.
When a wire is deflected or activated in order to insert it into
poorly aligned brackets the 1st & 3rd laws are apparent.
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31. Sign Conventions
A universal sign convention is available for forces & moments in
dentistry & orthodontics.
Forces are positive when they are in :
-Anterior direction
-Lateral direction
-Mesial direction
-Buccal direction
-Extrusive forces
Moments are positive when they move the crown in a mesial,
buccal or labial direction.
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33. RESULTANTS AND COMPONENTS OF ORTHODONTIC
FORCE SYSTEMS
Teeth are often acted upon by more than one force. Since the
movement of a tooth (or any object) is determined by the net effect
of all forces on it, it is necessary to combine applied forces to
determine a single net force, or resultant.
At other times there may be a force on a tooth that we wish to
break up into components. For example, a cervical headgear to
maxillary molars will move the molars in both the occlusal and distal
directions. It may be useful to resolve the headgear force into the
components that are parallel and perpendicular to the occlusal plane, in
order to determine the magnitude of force in each of these directions.
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35. Resultant of forces
F1
F1
ø
F
2
F2
F1 cos ø + F2 cos ø
The parallelogram method of determining the resultant of 2
forces having common point of application
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36. Components of a force
F sin ø
F
ø
F cos ø
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37. The resultant of 2 force with different point of
application can be determined by extending the line of
action to construct a common point of application
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46. ROLE OF FRICTION
When one moving object contacts another
tangentially friction at the interface resists the
movement .
Consequently , orthodontists have to apply more
force to overcome the frictional force to achieve
the desirable result, due to which there is more
patient discomfort and pain and also increases
anchorage demands.
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47. Factors effecting frictional resistance during tooth
movement.
PHYSICAL
1. Arch wire
Material
cross section size and shape
surface texture
stiffness
2. ligation of arch wire and bracket
ligture wire
elastomerics
method of ligation
3. Bracket
material
Manufacturing process
Slot width and depth
Design of bracket
Second order angulation
Third order bend
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49. Components of resistance to sliding (RS)
1 st component – classical friction (FR)
is a product of co –efficient of friction (µ) and normal
force.
Co –eff of frictionit is the objects frictonal proportionality constant. i.e
surface roughness of the material.
Nis the amount of force acting perpendicular to the surface
of the object such as ligation force.on the bracket.
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50. 2 nd component – Binding
SECOND ORDER ANGULATON –
it is the angle b/w base Of The wire (vertical dimension
of wire) and the bracket.{θ}.
Critical contact angle –
the level where the wire contacts both the ends of the
bracket slot. .{θc}.
When the second order angulation increases to critical angle
binding occurs .
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51.
Passive configuration- FR
exsists has an only
component when the arch
wire and bracket have
clearance, in this angulation
b/w arch wire and bracket
is less than critical
angulation.
Active configuration- when
clearance is absent and
interferance occurs (θ = θ
c) binding occurs. Under
these conditions two forces
exsists i.e. N and binding
force(BI).
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56. Influence of arch wire and bracket dimensions on
sliding mechanics : derivations and determinations of
the critical contact angles for binding
( robert .p. kusy and whitley -1999)
Derived an equation
size/ slot = width/ slot(sin θc)+cos θc.
In this equation size/slot defines the engagement index .This index
defines the fraction of the bracket slot filled by the arch wire .
width/ slot defines the bracket index – the number of times the
bracket width is more than slot dimension.
Together , these two dimensionless indices define all that is
necessary to determine θc as the point at which the binding starts.
This study derived the maximum and minimum engagement and bracket
indices possible,
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58. For maximum bracket index - large bkt width/ small bkt slot =
size= 250 mil/18 = 13.9
For minimum bracket index - small bkt width/ large bkt slot
size=125mil/22=5.7
The range bracket index is 5.7 to 13.9
For maxi engagement index – large wire size/ small bkt slot=
16/18=.86
For mini engagement index – small wire size/ large bkt slot=
14x22=.64
The range for engagement index is .5 to1
When the nominal parameters of arch wire and bracket used in
sliding mechanics were estimated for critical contact angle
three important conclusions were drawn
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60. 1) Narrow bracket showed θc double the value when
compared to the wider brackets.
2) Smaller bracket slot showed decreased θc
value .Hence, more precise aligning and leveling is
required before retraction.
3)Smallest wires used for retraction i.e. 16 size wire
in 22 slot, 125mil width . θc =2.8 degrees.
Same wire in 18 slot showed θc =0.9 degrees.
Even in the best scenario the practitionar must
align and level so that the angulation b/w wire and
Bracket is within the range of 1-4 degrees or else
binding increases and sliding ceases.
To accomplish the best scenario most easily
within the strength and stiffness requirements.
The bracket width and wire size should be small
and bracket slot should be larger.
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62. INFUENCE OF BINDING OF THIRD ORDER
TORQUE TO SECOND ORDER ANGULATION
(ROBERT P. KUSY 2004)
As base dimensions of arch wire increases, bracket width
decreases, bracket slot size decreases the critical contact
angle for binding decreases.
But when torque is incorporated into the wire ,the height of
the wire is also considered. ( depth of the wire).
As the torque angle is increased, clearance b/w arch wire
and bracket decreases reducing the critical contact angle.
Thus, increasing the chances of binding.
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66. stainless steel brackets
These are the most popular brackets till today.
Friction is minimum in these brackets due to
smoother surface.
Sintered stainless steel brackets had low friction
then cast stainless steel brackets due to more
smoother surface texture.
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68. CERAMIC BRACKETS
demonstrated significantly
higher frictional forces than ss
brackets.highly magnified views
revealed numerous small
indentations in ceramic
brackets.
monocrystalline alumina
brackets had smoother surface
than polycrytalline bracket,but
their frictional characteristics
are comparable.
since ,greater forces are
required to slide the teeth.
Caution in preserving anchorage
must be exerted in such
situations.
ceramic brackets with metal
slots showed decreased friction
as wire is contacting the
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smoother metal slot.
70. Zincornia brackets
Zincornia brackets has been offered as an
alternative to the ceramic brackets since surface
hardening treatments to increase fracture
toughness are available for zincornium oxide .
However, the frictional co-efficients for these
brackets were found to be greater than or equal
to polycrystalline brackets in both wet and dry
states. Surface changes consisting of wire debris
and surface damage in zincornia brackets after
sliding of wires were observed.
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72. Titanium brackets
Introduced in response to reports of the corrosion
of stainless steel brackets and increased
sensitivity to nickel content of the alloy.
It is proven to be biocompatible.
It is very rough as the titanium content of the
alloy is increased.
More chance of cold weld formation with the
titanium brackets at bracket wire interface which
increases resistance to sliding.
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74. Plastic brackets
In an attempt to make a esthetic bracket with low
frictional resistance and easier debonding
features than ceramic ,a wide variety of new
ceramic reinforced plastic brackets with or without
metal slots were introduced.
several studies showed that when these brackets
were tightly ligated with steel ligatures deformed
slightly to squeeze the bracket slot thereby
increasing friction.
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76. WIRES
Specular reflectance studies have shown that
stainless steel wire have smoothest surface
followed by co –cr, beta–ti, niti in the order of
inceasing surface roughness.
Beta titanium wires may form micro-welds in dry
states and further increase the frictional forces.
frank and nicoli found that stainless steel wires
had least friction at non binding sites ,but as
angulation increased and binding was present , the
reverse was true.
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78. MECHANICAL AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
OF 3 ARCH WIRE ALLOYS. ( VINOD KRISHNAN
AND JYOTHINDRA KUMAR 2002 ).
SEM of STAINLESS STEEL
SS IS STRONG , HAS
SMOOTH SURFACE
SEM of BETA TITANIUM
BETTER LOAD DEFLECTON,
LESS STIFFNESS THAN
SS,ROUGH SURFACE
SEM of TIMOLIUM
IT IS A α AND BETA
TITANIUM, HAS
INTERMEDIATE
PROPERTIES TO SS AND
BETA TITANIUM.
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80. Co-efficient of friction and surface roughness
Kusy et al used laser spectroscopy to study
surface roughness of orthodontic wires . Among
the four wire alloy types that are commonly used
in orthodontics , stainless steel appeared to be
lowest followed by cobalt chromium, beta titanium
and nickel titanium.
kusy and whiteley were the first to look at the
effect surface roughness on friction co-efficient .
The results showed that low surface roughness was
not sufficient condition for low friction co
efficient.
For ex: beta titanium has decreased roughness
than niti wires but frictional force resistance is
more for beta titanium.
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82. Ion implantation
Gas ions like nitrogen and oxygen are implanted
into the wire surface, resulting in a surface that
is hard and creates a considerable compressive
force at atomic level.
This improves the surface characteristics and
reduce co=-efficient of friction.
Burstone and farzin –nia demonstrated that ion
implanted beta titanium wires produced the same
level friction as stainless steel,
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84. Round vs rectangular wires.
Several studies have found that an increase in wire
size increase bracket wire friction.
Rectangular wires produce more friction than round
wires.
At non binding sites contact area between arch
wire and bracket is an important factor in friction
hence more friction with rectangular wires.
At binding sites with rectangular wire the force is
distributed over a large surface area resulting in
less pressure and less resistance to movement.
At binding sites with round wires the bracket slot
can bite the wire causing indentations resulting in
more friction.
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86. Ligation techniques.
Normal ligation force ranges from 50 to 300 grams.
Edward et al in 1995 compared the frictional forces
produced elastomeric modules applied conventionally or figure
of eight , stainless steel ligatures and teflon coated stainless
steel when used for arch ligation.
Figure of 8 configuration appeared to create highest
friction.
No significant difference between normal conventional
module and stainless steel ligature.
Teflon coated stainsteel had lowest frictional force.
Even the composition of the ligature is another variable in
determining the co_efficient of friction.
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88. As the elastomeric ligatures are polyurethane based
polymers , studies have shown that when exposed
to oral environment they undergo stress relaxation
and hydrolytic decompensation over time which will
effect the properties of the module.
Frictional forces by ligation can be reduced by pre
streching the module , or by using stainless steel
ligatures or using self ligating brackets.
Backing of one quarter turn after tying steel
ligatures.
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90. Conventional ties such as O-rings and stainless steel ligatures make
using optimal forces impossible due to friction and binding.
Elastomeric O-rings will lose half their elasticity within days of
initial tie in, thus compromising tooth control.
O-rings are extremely plaque retentive and greatly increase the
number of microorganisms attached to appliances during treatment,
increasing the incidence of decalcification during treatment.
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92. Self ligating brackets
The first self ligating bracket was the Russel
lock.
Self ligating brackets are ligatureless bracket
system that have mechanical device built into the
bracket to close off the edgewise slot .
These brackets show low frictional resistance.
They are 2 types –
1) Active-spring clip which presses against
archwire.
2) passive- slides which does not press against wire
and produces less friction.
{ This difference in friction is seen only when the
bigger sized arch wire is used.}
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94. A new low force ligation system (jco 2005)
This article describes an
alternative to self ligating
systems a ligature that
markedly reduces the
friction b/w the arch wire
and bracket.
The slide ligature is made
of special polyurethane ,is
applied in the sameway as a
conventional elastomeric
ligature
.Like a passive self ligating
it forms a fourth wall and
allows the archwires to
slide freely in the slot
while transmitting its full
force to the teeth.
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96. •This ligature also forms the buffer b/w the
bracket and soft tissues considerably improving
patient comfort.
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97. Leveling & Aligning
Wider bracket
Narrower bracket
More Mc
Less Mc
Less contact angle
More contact angle
More the play more is the Mc
It was found that a predictable ratio of the moments produced between two
adjacent brackets remained constant regardless of interbracket distance or the
cross section of the wire used if the angles of the bracket remained constant to
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the interbracket axis.
AJO DO 1988 Jan (59 – 67)
98. We put thinner wires at the beginning of alignment i.e. more play - less applied
couple - less M:F - no root moment only crown moment (tipping)
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100. The 2 central incisors are rotated
mesial in creating a symmetric V
geometry. The
desired corrective force system
involves 2 equal
and opposite moments as illustrated
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
101. The force system developed by inserting a straight wire into the brackets of
the 4 anterior teeth will create counterclockwise moments on the 2 central
incisors as well as lingual movement of the left central incisor and labial
movement of the right central incisor. The initial geometry is not favorable for
alignment.
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
102. shows a lingually placed right lateral incisor. In this case, the geometric
relationship between the right lateral and central incisors is a step geometry
and the placement of a straight wire into the brackets of the 4 anterior teeth will
align the teeth and also shift the midline to the right side
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
103. In the maxillary arch shown in Figure 5A, the relationship between the
central incisors is a step geometry and an asymmetric V geometry is observed
between the central and lateral incisors on the right side. Analysis of the force
system shows that, although correction of the 2 central incisors will occur as
a result of straight wire placement, the right lateral incisor will be displaced
labially, which is an undesirable side effect .
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
104. The relationship between the right lateral and central incisors is
recognized as an asymmetric V geometry. Analysis of the force system
shows that, although the left lateral incisor will be corrected by rotating mesial
out and moving labially, the right lateral incisor will move further lingually
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
105. During extrusion of a high canine
unilaterally. Figure A shows the
force system generated by the
placement of a straight wire through
a high maxillary right canine. The
canine will extrude as desired, but
the lateral incisor and first premolar
on that side will intrude and tip
toward the canine space. An open
bite may result on that side of the
arch, and the anterior occlusal plane
will be canted up on the right side.
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
106. Molar Rotations- absence of maxillary molar rotation is highly desirable in
obtaining class-I occlusion of the molars, premolars, & canines.
B/L Molar rotations:
Palatal Arch
Mc
Mc
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112. Force vectors in Cl-III elastics
Force Vectors in Cl-II elastics
Favorable in low angle deep bite
Favorable in low angle cases
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cases
113. Space Closure
Group A Anchorage
Group B Anchorage
Group C Anchorage
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114. Force system for Group B space closure
M/F Ratio 10/1in anterior & posterior – Translation of anterior & posterior
Mc
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Mc
115. Force System for Group A space closure
M/F ratio 12/1 or more in posterior & 7/1 or 10/1in anteriors – Root moment of
posteriors & tipping or bodily moment of anteriors
IDEAL
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118. Force system for Group C space closure mirrors that of group
A.
The anterior teeth becomes the effective anchor teeth.
The anterior moment is of greater magnitude & the vertical force side
effect is an extrusive force on the anterior teeth.
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119. TORQUING WITH THE MOMENT OF A COUPLE
System equilibrium
Incisor movements
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AJO DO1993 May (428 – 438)
120. TORQUING WITH THE MOMENT OF A FORCE
System equilibrium
Incisor movements
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AJO DO1993 May (428 – 438)
121. CONCLUSION
Various mechanics can often be used to achieve the tooth movements
desired for orthodontic treatments. It is important however to understand
the mechanics involved and to recognize when the appliance will not achieve
adequate results or may result in undesirable side effects. This can help us
to prevent prolonged overall treatment time and/or compromise in the final
orthodontic outcome.
The ultimate result will be a happy patient , with a beautiful smile
leaving your clinic at the end of treatment.
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122. REFFERENCES
1. Smith RJ, Burstone CJ: Mechanics of tooth movement. AJO 85:294307,1984.
2. Burstone CJ, Koenig HA: Creative wire bending- The force system from step
& V bends. AJO DO 93(1):59-67,1988.
3. Burstone CJ, Koenig HA: Force system from the ideal arch. AJO 65(3):270289,1974.
4. Demange C: Equlibrium situations in bend force system. AJO DO98(4):333339,1990.
5. Issacson RJ, Lindauer SJ, Rubenstein LK: Moments with edgewise
appliance e: Incisor torque control. AJO DO 103(5):428-438,1993.
6. Koing HA, Vanderby R, Solonche DJ, Burstone CJ: Force system for
orthodontic appliances: An analytical & experimental comparison. J
Biomechanical Eng102(4):294-300,1980.
7. Kusy RP, Tulloch JFC: Analysis of moment/force ratio in the mechanics of
tooth movement. AJO DO 90; 127-131,1986.
8. Nanda R, Goldin B: Biomechanical approaches to the study of alteration of
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facial morphology. AJO 78(2):213-226,1980.
123. 9. Vanden Bulcke MM, Burstone CJ, Sachdeva RC , Dermaut LR: Location of
center of resistance for anterior teeth during retraction using the laser reflection
technique. AJO DO 91(5):375-384,1987.
10. Vanden Bulcke MM, Dermaut LR, Sachdeva RC, Burstone CJ: The center
of resistance of anterior teeth during intrusion using the laser reflection
technique & holographic interferometry. AJO DO 90(3): 211-220,1986.
11. Mulligan TF: Common sense mechanics 2 . Forces & moments. JCO
13:676-683,1979.
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124. For more details please visit
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