The document describes the mark-recapture technique for estimating population sizes of organisms. It involves capturing and marking a sample of the population, then releasing them and recapturing another sample to see what proportion are marked. This allows estimating the total population size based on the assumption that marked and unmarked animals mix randomly. It provides examples of marking techniques for different types of organisms and outlines the assumptions of the method.
Edited by Jessica E. Fultz for the Department of Biology.U.docxjack60216
Edited by Jessica E. Fultz for the Department of Biology.
Updated January 10, 2014
Concepts in Biology
Laboratory
Biol 1100L
Spring 2014
Please note that this manual is a work in progress and was compiled specifically for the ISU Biology
department. It changes each semester/session depending on the interests of the instructors. It is
a free and unpublished manual that has not seen reviewers or editors; there are errors.
The first step in the acquisition of wisdom is silence,
the second listening, the third memory, the fourth practice,
the fifth teaching others.
~Solomon ibn Gabirol (1021 -1058 AD)
1-1
Biol 1100L Ecology1 Lab 1
1. Define hypothesis using your textbook.
Name:_______________________________ Section:____
In lab this week you will gather observational data about arthropod distributions and ecol-
ogy, describe their niches in terrariums, construct a hypothesis, make a prediction, and
calculate the diversity (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index) for each niche type.
Arthropods are a major component of all terrestrial ecosystems and their behavior has been
the object of many famous ecological studies. All arthropod species are in the Kingdom
Animalia and Phylum Arthropoda but they are in many different classes, orders, and
families. A large proportion of arthropods are plant detritivores, i.e. organisms that feed on
dead and decaying plant material. These organisms hasten the conversion of biomass to
soil, speed up rates of nutrient cycling, and as a result, increase the productivity of ecosys-
tems.
In this lab you will learn about three very important ecological concepts: diversity, niche and
the competitive exclusion principle. Diversity can be measured in a number of different
ways, and you will use the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index. The niche is a set of environ-
mental factors necessary to the continued existence of a species. The niche describes
anything you might be able to think of that an organism requires. This includes what it eats,
where it eats, when it eats, when it sleeps etc. The competitive exclusion principle states
that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely (Gausse 1934). It makes
sense that species that coexist will have different niches. If they didn’t they would either be
in the process of going extinct or driving their competitor into extinction. The way species
subdivide niche space has been called niche partitioning.
Figure 1-1. Diagram of an arthropod terrarium.
Part 1. Defining Niches
One of the members of your group will obtain
a terrarium and poking / digging tools from the
west end of the lab. Do not do anything to the
terrarium yet. Note the overall structure of the
terrarium ecosystem (Fig. 1-1).
As a group talk about the different ...
Biology of vertebrate and there managementMANISH JADHAV
The vertebrates of greatest pest importance to humans are the bats, bird, commercial mice and rats and squirrel which either roost or nest on or within human structures or nearby. These animals are not only a nuisance, but they may damage or destroy the property, eat and contaminate stored food. For example, bats may transmit rabies; bat and bird droppings are a common source of the respiratory fungal diseases histoplasmosis; rat and mice are vectors of the food poisoning, rat-bite fever, murine typhus.
Edited by Jessica E. Fultz for the Department of Biology.U.docxjack60216
Edited by Jessica E. Fultz for the Department of Biology.
Updated January 10, 2014
Concepts in Biology
Laboratory
Biol 1100L
Spring 2014
Please note that this manual is a work in progress and was compiled specifically for the ISU Biology
department. It changes each semester/session depending on the interests of the instructors. It is
a free and unpublished manual that has not seen reviewers or editors; there are errors.
The first step in the acquisition of wisdom is silence,
the second listening, the third memory, the fourth practice,
the fifth teaching others.
~Solomon ibn Gabirol (1021 -1058 AD)
1-1
Biol 1100L Ecology1 Lab 1
1. Define hypothesis using your textbook.
Name:_______________________________ Section:____
In lab this week you will gather observational data about arthropod distributions and ecol-
ogy, describe their niches in terrariums, construct a hypothesis, make a prediction, and
calculate the diversity (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index) for each niche type.
Arthropods are a major component of all terrestrial ecosystems and their behavior has been
the object of many famous ecological studies. All arthropod species are in the Kingdom
Animalia and Phylum Arthropoda but they are in many different classes, orders, and
families. A large proportion of arthropods are plant detritivores, i.e. organisms that feed on
dead and decaying plant material. These organisms hasten the conversion of biomass to
soil, speed up rates of nutrient cycling, and as a result, increase the productivity of ecosys-
tems.
In this lab you will learn about three very important ecological concepts: diversity, niche and
the competitive exclusion principle. Diversity can be measured in a number of different
ways, and you will use the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index. The niche is a set of environ-
mental factors necessary to the continued existence of a species. The niche describes
anything you might be able to think of that an organism requires. This includes what it eats,
where it eats, when it eats, when it sleeps etc. The competitive exclusion principle states
that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely (Gausse 1934). It makes
sense that species that coexist will have different niches. If they didn’t they would either be
in the process of going extinct or driving their competitor into extinction. The way species
subdivide niche space has been called niche partitioning.
Figure 1-1. Diagram of an arthropod terrarium.
Part 1. Defining Niches
One of the members of your group will obtain
a terrarium and poking / digging tools from the
west end of the lab. Do not do anything to the
terrarium yet. Note the overall structure of the
terrarium ecosystem (Fig. 1-1).
As a group talk about the different ...
Biology of vertebrate and there managementMANISH JADHAV
The vertebrates of greatest pest importance to humans are the bats, bird, commercial mice and rats and squirrel which either roost or nest on or within human structures or nearby. These animals are not only a nuisance, but they may damage or destroy the property, eat and contaminate stored food. For example, bats may transmit rabies; bat and bird droppings are a common source of the respiratory fungal diseases histoplasmosis; rat and mice are vectors of the food poisoning, rat-bite fever, murine typhus.
Importance of study of immature stages of insects in agricultureSanju Thorat
The type of life cycle will vary with the insect-pest. However, most pests have certain weak points during their life cycle when they are the most vulnerable to manage. Some insect are predators, either as larvae or in both larval and adult stages. The decomposition of organic waste, such as dung and manures are an important ecosystem process which is largely provided by insects. Insect as food for animals and human being. The knowledge regarding immature stages of insect-pests and understand site of oviposition, site of pupation and larval behaviour can allow for timely and effective management, thus we can reduction in the qualitative and quantitative losses of yield and increase the profit.
Discussion is done on various insect camouflages. History, mechanisms, importance, methods, advantages and disadvantages of camouflage in insects. The whole topic is very carefully discussed with proper photographs.
Elucidation of cow tick Rhipicephalus microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus...Innspub Net
Ticks comprise one of the most significant groups of arthropods in terms of effects on animal health. They incapacitate the host by feeding on it. The cattle tick, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is a cautiously serious external parasite affecting, primarily, cattle. These ticks are adapted to the advantages of specialising to feed on cattle and with all the feeding stages occurring on one individual host in a rapid sequence of reproduction. Cattle tick’s reproduction and life cycle occurs on body of only one host. This stage takes approximately 21 days, during which the tick changes from a minute larva to a nymph and finally an adult. With the use of a thin-tipped tweezers or forceps with a steady even pressure, ticks were removed straight upward from different body parts of cattle. Ticks were identified to the species level based on their morphologic features under a dissecting microscope and their genus and species were identified under the stereo microscope in the laboratory. Several parameters were taken as to with its life cycle. As observed, the period of tick’s life cycle varies due to some factors. This study aims to elucidate the reproduction process and life cycle of cattle ticks to serve as a guide in controlling and managing these parasitic creatures. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Prevelance of Lyperosomum longicauda Rudolphi, 1809 (Dicrocoeliioidae: Tremat...Innspub Net
The present findings are related to reporting of the helminth parasitic infection in the Jungle babbler, at District: Naushahro Feroze. Host species were investigated from the month of June to August, 2018. These birds are non-migratory, former friendly, earth-colored siblings inhabit but internal visceral organs consisting intensity of parasites. Total (n=16) of T. striata were captured and dissected on a weekly basis under laboratory conditions at the Department of Zoology, SALU-Khairpur. All were found with the helminth population of digenean trematode but high prevalence was found in the month of June followed by other months. During surgical examination (n=44) specimens were recovered in the gall bladder of the host, morphologically having tapered ends at terminal body point, forebody is shorter than the hind body, protrusible rounded oral suckers but ventral suckers are rounded, maximum width at the post-acetabular region, oval-shaped pharynx, short esophagus, diverticular caeca, median-shaped ovary, and oblique testes, un-equal bands of lateral Stellaria and dark brown colored eggs. These features of the worms resemble already identified as; L. longicauda hence; identified as such. This species of fluke was first time recovered from the present host and the result of the present study revealed that it is a new host record from upper Sindh.
Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus...ijtsrd
Attempts were made to develop a technique to rear the phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus homarus. The biological characters like fecundity, hatching percentage, larval morphological changes, feed inputs and moulting frequency till the fourth moult were studied. Morphometric and meristic characters of the larvae were also studied till the 42ndday. The larval output was directly proportional to the size of the gravid brood stock. Relationship between the duration of culture X and length of the larvae Y were shown by the relationships Y intercept = 0.5780 ± 0.1074 and X intercept = 0.7283 r2 = 0.8519 . There was significant p 0.0001 positive relationship between total length TL and carapace width CW of phyllosoma larvae. S. Lazarus | J. C. Nisha | R. Thangaraja "Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus Linnaeus, 1758" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31676.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/molecular-biology/31676/studies-on-the-phyllosoma-larva-of-the-indian-rock-lobster-panulirus-homarus-linnaeus-1758/s-lazarus
Definition, Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction, Nam...Dr. Rajbir Singh
This Lecture Include the Definition, Main Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction (Asexual and Sexual), Naming and Classification (Old and New)of Fungi.
Prevalence and morphological details of Nyctotherus periplanetae in the host ...IOSR Journals
Nyctotherus periplanetae is very common intestine dwelling ciliate in invertebrates. During the period of two years total number of 1842 intestinal samples of Periplaneta americana were checked. The percentage of prevalence of ciliates was found quite high and it was 57.77% during the year 2007 and 60.75% in 2008.
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8. Step 3. Release the animals. (Capture) mark – release – recapture
9. Step 4. Recapture a second sample and count the number of marked individuals. Note: ensure the animals had time to mix with the rest of the population before capturing again. (Capture) mark – release – recapture
10. Step 6. Estimate population size using the formula. (Capture) mark – release – recapture
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14. 1. Blue tits are common British birds. Some aspects of the behaviour of blue tits at different times of the year are summarised below. (a) In a study of winter feeding flocks, 36 blue tits visiting a bird table were trapped, and before release each bird was marked by placing a small metal ring round one of its legs. The following day 43 blue tits were trapped. Of these, 21 were ringed. Estimate the size of the blue tit population visiting the bird table. Show your working. March – April Adult birds establish breeding territories. April – July Breeding season. Eggs laid and young hatch. Adult birds collect food for their young from within their territories. July – March Birds form flocks which forage for food over a wide area.
15. (a) Working or explanation of figures; Correct answer = 74/73.7; 2