1. Biology Unit 1-Biochemistry
EvErything you nEEd to
Know
Unit 1-Quiz #2
1) All living things must be able to:
a. Reproduce
b. Metabolize nutrients and excrete waste
c. Adapt, evolve, and respond
d. Grow and develop
e. Maintain homeostasis
2) Carbohydrates:
a. Monomers = monosaccharides
i. Monosaccharides = “simple carbs”
ii. Function: Simple carbs provide immediate, quick energy
b. Polymers = polysaccharides
i. Polysaccharides = “complex carbs”
ii. Function: Complex carbs provide intermediate, more sustained energy
3) Lipids:
a. Monomers = fatty acids + glycerol
b. Polymers = fats, oils, and phospholipids
c. Phospholipids (please see diagram to the right)
d. Functions:
i. Form cell membranes
ii. Long term energy storage
4) Proteins:
a. Monomers = amino acids
b. Polymers = polypeptides
c. Functions:
i. Catalyze chemical reactions
ii. Express the genetic instructions (from DNA and RNA)
5) Reagents & Their Positive Test Colors:
a. Benedict = yellow-orange
b. Iodine = black-purple
c. Sudan = even red stain
d. Biuret = lilac
6) Reagents & Their Biomolecules Tested
a. Benedict = monosaccharides
Hydrophilic Region
(Water Loving)
Hydrophobic Region
(Water Fearing)
Know how to draw + label the
parts of a NUCLEOTIDE:
WHY?????
Simple carbs have fewer bonds. It is
easier to metabolize, releasing a smaller
amount, but a very quick burst of energy.
Complex carbs have more bonds. It is
more difficult to metabolize, releasing
more energy, over a longer sustained
period of time.

2. b. Iodine = polysaccharides
c. Sudan = lipids
d. Biuret = proteins
7) Interpreting The Data Table:
If you were given a table like below….
Benedict Iodine Sudan Biuret
Sample-A + - - -
Sample-B - - - -
Sample-C - - + -
Sample-D - + - -
Sample-E - - - +
You would be able to find out the following things…
a. Sample-A
i. Tested positive with Benedict’s only.
ii. Must have turned yellow-orange.
iii. Must contain monosaccharides.
iv. Because it contains monosaccharides it must be able to provide your cells with
immediate, quick energy.
b. Sample-B
i. Did not test positive with any of the reagents.
ii. Must not contain carbohydrates, lipids or proteins.
c. Sample-C
i. Tested positive with Sudan only.
ii. Must have had an even red stain.
iii. Must contain lipids.
iv. Because it contains lipids, it must also contain fatty acids and glycerol.
v. Because it contains lipids, it must also provide your cells with long term energy storage
AND be able to form cell membranes.
d. Sample-D
i. Tested positive with Iodine only.
ii. Must have turned a black-purple color.
iii. Must contain polysaccharides.
iv. Because it contains polysaccharides it must be able to provide your cells with
intermediate, more sustained energy.
e. Sample-E
i. Tested positive with Biuret only.
ii. Must have turned lilac.
iii. Must contain proteins.
iv. Because it contains proteins, it must also contain amino acids.

3. v. Because it contains proteins, it must also be able to catalyze chemical reactions AND
express your genetic instructions.