The document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth and explains that it is found everywhere. Biodiversity is important for ecosystem productivity and sustainability. Maintaining biodiversity provides ecological stability, economic benefits like food and medicine, and ethical reasons to preserve other species. Conservation aims to protect the environment through sustainable use of resources, while preservation keeps ecosystems safe from harm. Appreciating biodiversity involves activities like planting trees and caring for animals.

1. Chapter 8: Dynamic
Ecosystem
8.6 Appreciating Biodiversity
Most Creative
Group Members :
Syafiq Aiman
Aliff Fahmi
Siti NurNadhira
Chee Pui Khei

2. By the end of our presentation, students
who pay attention will be able to answer
questions like so… …
• What is biodiversity?
• Where is biodiversity?
• Why MUST we appreciate biodiversity?
• What are the importances to maintain biodiversity?
• What are conservation and preservation?
Similarities? Differences?
• What are the importances of conserving and preserving
the environment?
• How do we appreciate biodiversity?
• How to score HOTS questions based on this sub-topic?

3. Importance of Biodiversity
Importance - The state or fact of being of great significance of value.
Biodiversity - The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem. In other words, the diverse species of plants and animals in
different ecosystems on earth.
Biodiversity is essentially everywhere, ubiquitous on Earth’s surface and in every
drop of its bodies of water.
• Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how
small, all have an important role to play.
• For example, A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of
crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

4. Importance of the maintenance of biodiversity
In general,
• the management of ecosystems to ensure a balanced environment.
• Protecting the diverse ecosystems and wildlife species of earth
which are threatened with extinction
More specifically,
1. Ecological stability
-Each species performs a particular function within an
ecosystem. They can capture and store energy, produce organic
material, decompose organic material, help to cycle water and
nutrients throughout the ecosystem, control erosion or pests, fix
atmospheric gases, or help regulate climate.
- Ecosystems provide support of production and services without
which humans could not survive. These include soil fertility,
pollinators of plants, predators, decomposition of wastes,
purification of the air and water, stabilisation and moderation of
the climate, decrease of flooding, drought and other environmental
disasters.
- Research show that the more diverse an ecosystem the better it
can withstand environmental stress and the more productive it is.
The loss of a species thus decreases the ability of the system to
maintain itself or to recover in case of damage. There are very
complex mechanisms underlying these ecological effects.
SlideNext

5. Importance of the maintenance of biodiversity
2. Economic benefits to humans
Most people see biodiversity as a reservoir of resources to be drawn upon for the manufacture of food,
pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Thus resource shortages may be related to the erosion of the biodiversity.
Some of the important economic commodities that biodiversity supplies to humankind are:
• FOOD : crops, livestock, forestry, and fish
• MEDICATION: Wild plant species have been used for medicinal purposes since
before the beginning of recorded history. For example, quinine (Used to treat malaria)
comes from the bark of the Amazonian tree Cinchona tree; digitalis from the Foxglove
plant (chronic heart trouble), and morphine from the Poppy plant (pain relief).
• According the National Cancer Institute of the USA, over 70 % of the promising anti-
cancer drugs come from plants in the tropical rainforests. Animal may also play a
role, in particular in research. It is estimated that of the 250,000 known plant species,
only 5,000 have been researched for possible medical applications.
• INDUSTRY: fibres for clothing, wood for shelter and warmth. Biodiversity may be a
source of energy (such as biomass). Other industrial products are oils, lubricants,
perfumes, fragrances, dyes, paper, waxes, rubber, latexes, resins, poisons and cork can
all be derived from various plant species. Supplies from animal origin are wool, silk,
fur, leather, lubricants, waxes. Animals may also be used as a mode of transportation.
• TOURISM & RECREATION: biodiversity is a source of economical wealth for many
areas, such as many parks and forests, where wild nature and animals are a source of
beauty and joy for many people. Ecotourism in particular, is a growing outdoor
recreational activity.

6. Importance of the maintenance of biodiversity
3. Ethical reasons
• The role of biodiversity is to be a mirror of
our relationships with the other living
species, an ethical view with rights, duties,
and education.
• If humans consider species have a right to
exist, they cannot cause voluntarily their
extinction.
• Besides, biodiversity is also part of many
cultures’ spiritual heritage.

8. ConservationDefinition in text book:
The wise use of natural resources with the least disturbance to living things and their
environment. This includes the protection, management and renewal of natural resources.
• Efforts made in maintaining the quality of the natural environments and their biological
resources.
• Protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and
wildlife.
• The wise use of natural resources.
PreservationDefinition in text book:
The management of ecosystems and the environment to ensure a healthy and
balanced natural environment.
• To keep safe from harm or injury; protect or spare.
• To keep alive or in existence; make lasting.
• The act of keeping something the same or of preventing it from being damaged.
• To keep in perfect or unaltered condition.
Similarities of Conservation and Preservation
-Individuals, organisations and the government of the country play a
very important role.
-The acts of appreciating biodiversity.
- Protecting natural environment for the sake of our future generation.

12. Benefits of Biodiversity
in Next Slide
Articles from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
http://www.tropicalforestnetwork.com/biodiversity.
html
"State of the World, 1999." Copyright í 1999,
Worldwatch Institute. Publication is available
from Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts
Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
http://www.worldwatch.org

16. Protected areas

18. Projects from Practical Book page 124 Buku
Amali m/s 110
( Learning to preserve and conserve various living things around us)
1. Start a nursery or plant more trees around school or in your
neighbourhood.
2. Plant herbal or medicinal plants at school.
3. Plan a ‘gotong-royong’ to clean up your school, neighbourhood
or a beach nearby your home.
4. Manage an ecosystem, such as a fish pond.
5. Learn to take care of animals such as hamsters, rabbits and fish.
6. Visit an animal welfare society such as the Progressive Animal
Welfare Society (PAWS) and volunteer to take care of animals.
PAWS give protection to animals without a home and treat the
injured ones.
7. Participate in activities organised by the various organisations
such as Sahabat Alam Malaysia, the Malaysian Nature Society,
the World Wild Fund for Nature and Wetlands International Asia
Pacific.

19. Time for our favourite HOTS Question!
Q: Diagram below shows a photograph taken at the
Kinabalu National Park situated in Sabah.
Based on your knowledge of biology, why do you
think an ecosystem like the tropical rainforest in the
Kinabalu National Park has to be maintained.
( 10 marks )

20. Have the answer in your mind? Let’s
check!The rainforest ecosystem is maintained for the following reasons:
a) Economic reasons
- Provide sources of food. (1)
- Provide sources of medicines. (1)
b) Ecological reasons
- Ecological stability helps to prevent pr slow down landslides, flash
floods, climate changes and soil erosion. (1)
- Regulation of microclimates and concentration of atmospheric
carbon dioxide. (1)
- Provide natural water catchment areas. (1)
c) Aesthetic / recreational reasons
- It can reduce stress and promotes a healthy lifestyle. (1)
- Ecotourism which increases country’s income. (1)
d) Conservation and preservation of biodiversity
- Sustain food chains or food webs in the ecosystem. (1)
- Prevent the extinction of flora and fauna. (1)
- Prevent the loss of habitats. (1)

21. Conclusion
1. Biodiversity of organisms and ecosystems provide
many useful products such as food, medicine and
various industrial products for humans.
2. A balanced ecosystem prevents the disruptions of
natural cycles such as the carbon cycle.
3. It also prevents the extinction of many species of
organisms, that is, a loss of biodiversity.
4. Human interference in the ecosystems needs to be
minimised to ensure the survival of a maximum
number of species and genetic diversity.

22. We don’t want
to see this!
But we want
to see this!

23. We don’t wish
to become like this!
But we wish that
our future
generation
and us are like this!

24. Wake up
people!
We shouldbe
appreciating
biodiversity!