Amna Shaikh presented on sequence alignment. Sequence alignment involves arranging DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to identify regions of similarity that may indicate functional or evolutionary relationships. There are two main types of sequence alignment: global alignment assumes sequences are similar overall and aligns from start to end, while local alignment only aligns short, locally similar regions without considering the overall sequence. Sequence alignment has applications like obtaining statistical information, searching for similarities to construct phylogenetic trees, and identifying homologous and mutated regions. Common tools for sequence alignment include FASTA, BLAST, and ClustalW.

1. NAME:
ROLL NO:
PRESENTATION
TOPIC:
Amna Shaikh
016
Squence
Alignment

2. SQUENCE ALIGNMENT:
■ In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA,
RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of
functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences.
■ The sequence alignment is made between a known sequence and unknown sequence or
between two unknown sequences.
■ The known sequence is called Target sequence, The unknown sequence is called query
sequence.

3. TYPES OF SQUENCE ALIGNMENT
GLOBAL
ALIGNMENT
LOCAL
ALIGNMENT

4. GLOBAL ALIGNMENT:
■ In global alignment, two sequences to be aligned are assumed to be generally similar
over their entire length. Alignment is carried out from beginning to end of both
sequences to find the best possible alignment across the entire length between the two
sequences.

5. LOCAL ALIGNMENT:
■ Local alignment, on the other hand, does not assume that the two sequences in question
have similarity over the entire length.
■ It only finds local regions with the highest level of similarity between the two sequences
and aligns these regions without regard for the alignment of the rest of the sequence
regions.

6. APPLICATIONS OF SEQUENCE
ALIGNMENT:
■ Obtaining statistical information on a sequence.
■ Searching for similarities between two sequences, or many sequence.
■ Constructing phylogenetic trees based on sequences.
■ Alignment can reveal HOMOLOGY between sequences.
■ Identification of regions subject to mutation.

7. TOOLS FOR SEQUENCE
ALIGNMENT
■ FASTA
■ BLAST
■ ClustalW