It is a type of cyclic flow of nutrients between non- living components like soil, rock air and water and living organisms and micro oganism (Pseudomonas and Aeruginosa). It makes the biosphere dynamic. In oxygen cycle there is a cyclic flow of atmospheric oxygen. Photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere. Respiration absorbs oxygen. By photosynthesis plant produces organic molecules (C6 H12 O6). By respiration that organic molecule is oxidized to release energy and carbon oxide.
A biogeochemical cycle is the circulation of an element in the Earth system. It involves various reservoirs that store the element, fluxes between reservoirs as well as the physical, chemical and biological parameters that regulate the fluxes. The oceans play a key role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements on our planet. As primary productivity is strictly limited to the photic zone and decay of organic matter is pursued in the deeper water masses of the oceanic system, the distribution of many elements exhibits a strong vertical gradient. A biogeochemical cycle refers to the cycling and transport of a chemical element or compound, usually in multiple forms and physical states, through the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components of the earth system. Some of the most commonly examined biogeochemical cycles include carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron and phosphorous.
The marine nitrogen cycle is one of the most complicated biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Nitrogen is a biologically limiting element and changes in its form, or concentration, can cause changes in the cycling of other elements, such as carbon and phosphorus. Marine nitrogen cycle is perhaps the most complex and therefore the most fascinating among all biogeochemical cycles in the sea. Nitrogen exists in more chemical forms than most other elements, with a myriad of chemical transformations. All these transformations are undertaken by marine organisms as part of their metabolism, either to obtain nitrogen to synthesize structural components, or to gain energy for growth. Nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere dissolves into seawater at the ocean surface. Nitrogen gas is the most abundant form of nitrogen in the ocean, but is not useful to most living things. Dissolved nitrogen gas is taken up by just a few types microbes, which convert the nitrogen into a much more useable form, known as ammonium (NH4+). This process, known as “nitrogen fixation,” is vitally important. Without it, very little nitrogen would available for thousands of other organisms that live near the ocean surface.
Ammonium is the form of nitrogen that is most easily consumed by microorganisms. For this reason, ammonium is consumed almost as fast as it is produced, a process called “assimilation.” The result is that the nitrogen becomes incorporated into the cells of living organisms. Some marine microbes consume nitrite and nitrate, another form of assimilation. When microbes (and other organisms) die, they decompose, releasing ammonium and tiny particles containing particulate organic nitrogen (PON), as well as dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into the surrounding seawater. Some microbes convert ammonium to nitrite (NO2-) and then nitrite to nitrate (NO3-). This two-step process is called “nitrification.” The result of this process is that nitrate is released into the ocean. A host of organisms consume particulate organic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen, converting some of the nitrogen back to a
It is a type of cyclic flow of nutrients between non- living components like soil, rock air and water and living organisms and micro oganism (Pseudomonas and Aeruginosa). It makes the biosphere dynamic. In oxygen cycle there is a cyclic flow of atmospheric oxygen. Photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere. Respiration absorbs oxygen. By photosynthesis plant produces organic molecules (C6 H12 O6). By respiration that organic molecule is oxidized to release energy and carbon oxide.
A biogeochemical cycle is the circulation of an element in the Earth system. It involves various reservoirs that store the element, fluxes between reservoirs as well as the physical, chemical and biological parameters that regulate the fluxes. The oceans play a key role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements on our planet. As primary productivity is strictly limited to the photic zone and decay of organic matter is pursued in the deeper water masses of the oceanic system, the distribution of many elements exhibits a strong vertical gradient. A biogeochemical cycle refers to the cycling and transport of a chemical element or compound, usually in multiple forms and physical states, through the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components of the earth system. Some of the most commonly examined biogeochemical cycles include carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron and phosphorous.
The marine nitrogen cycle is one of the most complicated biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Nitrogen is a biologically limiting element and changes in its form, or concentration, can cause changes in the cycling of other elements, such as carbon and phosphorus. Marine nitrogen cycle is perhaps the most complex and therefore the most fascinating among all biogeochemical cycles in the sea. Nitrogen exists in more chemical forms than most other elements, with a myriad of chemical transformations. All these transformations are undertaken by marine organisms as part of their metabolism, either to obtain nitrogen to synthesize structural components, or to gain energy for growth. Nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere dissolves into seawater at the ocean surface. Nitrogen gas is the most abundant form of nitrogen in the ocean, but is not useful to most living things. Dissolved nitrogen gas is taken up by just a few types microbes, which convert the nitrogen into a much more useable form, known as ammonium (NH4+). This process, known as “nitrogen fixation,” is vitally important. Without it, very little nitrogen would available for thousands of other organisms that live near the ocean surface.
Ammonium is the form of nitrogen that is most easily consumed by microorganisms. For this reason, ammonium is consumed almost as fast as it is produced, a process called “assimilation.” The result is that the nitrogen becomes incorporated into the cells of living organisms. Some marine microbes consume nitrite and nitrate, another form of assimilation. When microbes (and other organisms) die, they decompose, releasing ammonium and tiny particles containing particulate organic nitrogen (PON), as well as dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into the surrounding seawater. Some microbes convert ammonium to nitrite (NO2-) and then nitrite to nitrate (NO3-). This two-step process is called “nitrification.” The result of this process is that nitrate is released into the ocean. A host of organisms consume particulate organic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen, converting some of the nitrogen back to a
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Also known as Nutrient Cycle is the flow of
nutrients from the nonliving to the living
and back to the nonliving components of
the ecosystem in cyclic path.
“Bio”- for living
“Geo”- for the rocks and soil
“Chemical”- for the process involved
3. TWO BASIC TYPES OF
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Gaseous Cycle- the main reservoirs of nutrients
are the atmosphere and the oceans
(represented by oxygen, carbon and nitrogen).
Sedimentary Cycles- the main reservoir is the
rocks, and minerals (represented by
phosphorus)
The Sulfur cycle- is the combination of the two.
4. NUTRIENTS FLOW BETWEEN
RESERVOIRS
We also call these reservoirs, the major
components of ecosystems, pools or
compartments.
An exchange between two reservoirs is a flux.
The movement or cycling of nutrients through
the components of the ecosystem is internal
cycling.
5.
6.
7. CARBON CYCLES
Carbon is a basic constituent of all organic
compounds and is involved in the fixation of
energy by photosynthesis.
The carbon cycle is inseparable from energy flow.
The source of all carbon in both living organisms
and fossil deposits is carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
atmosphere and in the waters of Earth.
8.
9. CARBON CYCLES
The rate at which carbon cycles through the ecosystem
depends on the rates of primary productivity and
decomposition.
Both processes are faster in warm, wet ecosystems.
Cycling of carbon exhibits daily and seasonal
fluctuations,
CO2 builds up at night, when respiration increases.
During the day plants withdraw carbon dioxide from
the air and its concentration drops sharply.
10.
11. OXYGEN CYCLES
The major source of free oxygen (O2) that
supports life is the atmosphere.
There are two significant sources of atmospheric
oxygen:
Breakup of water vapor through a process driven
by sunlight
Photosynthesis
Oxygen also circulates freely as a constituent of
carbon dioxide.
12. Ozone (O3), related to the oxygen cycle, is produced
by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
In the stratosphere ozone is essential to reduce the
influx of harmful ultraviolet radiation to Earth.
However, human-produced CFC’s and other pollutants
rise to the stratosphere and destroy this ozone.
In the troposphere ozone is created from nitrogen
oxides by photochemical reactions. With related
pollutants if forms smog, toxic to vegetation.
13.
14. Ozone (O3), related to the oxygen cycle, is
produced by photochemical reactions in the
atmosphere.
In the stratosphere ozone is essential to reduce the
influx of harmful ultraviolet radiation to Earth.
However, human-produced CFC’s and other pollutants
rise to the stratosphere and destroy this ozone.
In the troposphere ozone is created from nitrogen
oxides by photochemical reactions. With related
pollutants if forms smog, toxic to vegetation.
15.
16. NITROGEN CYCLES
Nitrogen is an essential constituent of protein,
which is a building block of all living tissue.
It is also the major constituent (79 %) of the
atmosphere.
To be used, free molecular nitrogen has to be
fixed- fixation.
High energy fixation
Biological fixation
Another source of nitrogen is organic matter.
17. NITROGEN CYCLES
Ammonification- decomposers break down the
amino acids in dead organic material to release
energy.
Nitrification- is a biological process in which
ammonia is oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, yielding
energy.
Denitrification- nitrogen in the form of nitrate is
transformed into gaseous nitrogen denitrifiers,
represented by fungi and Pseudomonas bacteria.
18.
19.
20. PHOSPHORUS CYCLES
Phosphorus is unknown in the atmosphere,
and none of its known compounds has an
appreciable vapor pressure.
The phosphorus cycle is wholly
sedimentary.
The main reservoirs of phosphorus are
rocks and natural phosphate deposits.
21. PHOSPHORUS CYCLES
The terrestrial phosphorus cycle follows typical
biogeochemical pathways.
In marine and fresh water ecosystems, the
phosphorus cycle moves through three states:
1) Particulate organic phosphorus
2) Dissolve organic phosphates
3) Inorganic phosphate.
22.
23.
24. SULFUR CYCLES
Sulfur has both gaseous and sedimentary phases.
Sedimentary sulfur comes from the weathering rocks,
erosional runoff, and decomposition of organic matter.
Gaseous sulfur comes from decomposition of organic
matter, evaporation of oceans, and volcanic eruptions.
A significant portion of sulfur released in the atmosphere
is a by-product of the burning of fossil fuels.
25. SULFUR CYCLES
Major sources of air pollution
Natural
Human-made
The sulfur and nitrogen cycles produce acid deposition
Dry deposition- mixture returns to Earth as particulate
matter and airborne gases.
Wet deposition- acidic rain, snow, and fog.
26.
27. HEAVY METALS
such as mercury, cadmium, chromium , and lead, toxic to
life in varying amount, have their own biogeochemical
cycles.
Mercury and Cadmium- industrial pollution, runoff from
agricultural fields, toxic dumps, and landfills.
Lead is one of the most pervasive heavy metal.
Lead particles settle on the surface of the soil and on
vegetation.
28.
29. CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
Of serious consequence globally is the insecticidal use of
chlorinated hydrocarbons.
These pesticides have contaminated global ecosystems.
It affects predaceous animals most, interfering with their
reproduction.
It reduces species diversity.
They endanger human health.
