Bioethics Essay

The Principle Of Bioethics In Health Care
Principles of Bioethics
There are four commonly accepted principles of bioethics. The first is the principle of respect for
autonomy. Respect for autonomy is a respect for the client to make informed and intentional
decisions, provided that the client is judged to be capable of doing so. This principle is the base for
the practice of informed consent as well as the right to accept or refuse treatment. The client is to be
able to make a rational, informed decision, without any external factors influencing any decisions.
This principle may cause what the health care professional perceives to be harm, but to the client,
like a muslim client refusing to have a xenotransplantation from a pig, accepting the treatment would
cause him to suffer even more spiritual harm.
The second principle is the principle of nonmaleficence. Through this principle, health care
professionals should not intentionally harm the client. In the case that harm is inevitable, we are to
choose the lesser of the harms. This can be overruled by the client's wishes. For example, the client
is dying and he chooses to not be resuscitated. In this case, because the client is the authority as to
which harm is greater, keeping the client alive through CPR or a ventilator, would be the greater
harm.
The third principle of bioethics is the principle of beneficence. This principle is one that should be
used to provide benefit to clients. Under this, the main goal for the client––health care provider
relationship is
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Bioethics And Medical Ethics
1. ETHICS
The research work is on ethics and morality. These are often used interchangeably. Moral is from
Latin word moralis which means manners or customs. Looking at it critically ethics does not teach
how to live moral life, it merely help to clarify what is right or wrong which assists in achieving
one's goal. While moral is about purpose, intention, motive and choice which are either right or
wrong in the light of manners and customs. Morality is applied to acts and behavior while ethics is
applied to the person.
2. BIOETHICS
The research work is on bioethics and medical ethics. Bioethics is an area of philosophy that focuses
on ethical issues that comes from biomedical scientific technologies and a subfield of ethics.
Bioethics is not for philosophers alone but it is multidisciplinary in nature which makes the field
very exciting and important. Bioethicists learn from doctors and other scientist working in research
and clinic are of biomedicine. The heterogeneous nature of the contributions to this concept enriches
it as a discipline thereby improving its relevance and value. Bioethics is continually being improved
by clinical, legal and philosophy....show more content...
However, there are clear distinctions between both. Not only doctors can do medical ethics, but
other health and social care professionals, lawyers, policy makers and philosophers are involved, but
it is mostly particular to doctors and patient alike. Medical ethics focuses on medical treatment of
humans in particular, but bioethics is more on the theoretical ethical issues and concepts that
surrounds all biomedical technologies like, xenotransplantation, stem cell therapy, cloning, and the
use of animal research. Medical ethics covers practical application in clinical settings as well as
work on its history, philosophy, theology, and

BioEthics Essay example
As technology advances and medical procedures and research expand, new treatments and new
conflicts are created. A problem that has always plagued medical science is failing organs. As of
today, organ failure is impossible to reverse and the only solution is replacement. There is a massive
demand for healthy organs and with this demand comes the issue of bioethics.
The issue of bioethics has become so prevalent it has also arisen in popular culture. The best
example of this being the movie Repo! The Genetic OperaВё which takes place in the future, years
after an epidemic of organ failure wreaked havoc on the population of man. During this time a
"savior" arose in the form of Rotti Largo who developed the Bio–Tech Company GeneCo. GeneCo
...show more content...
The current system of acquiring an organ donation is through a wait–list called the allocation system,
which was supposed to be resolute. However, there are a few exceptions to the wait list causing
this entire system to become even more unfair. For instance, when an organ donor dies his or her
organs are more likely to be given to family members on a wait–list rather than those who are
actually next in line (Hanto). Wait–lists are meant to be fair because those put on the list first are
supposed to get organs first, but how fair is that really? How badly one needs an organ for his or
her survival should rank higher than how quickly he or she found about his or her physical
defects. Another factor that should be taken into account when placing people onto a wait list is
their age. It makes more sense to give younger people a chance at life than prolonging the life of
someone who has already lived to a ripe old age, but most supporters of the allocation system will
argue that all lives are worth the same, even though there are clear lines between who will benefit
more from organ donations.
The most controversial issue with receiving organ donations is that the donor cannot legally
choose who the recipient will be in most cases. Of course in a situation where one's parent is dying,
one is allowed to give up an organ if it is a good match, but if one decides to donate a kidney to his
or her best

Essay on Bioethics
Bioethics
Progress in the pharmacological, medical and biological sciences involves experimentation on all
living species, including animals and humans.
The effectiveness of medications investigative procedures and treatments must at some point be
tested on animals and human beings. Although tests are conducted much more frequently on lab
animals, especially those most related to humans, they do not provide sufficient information.
The history of medicine shows that there has always been a need for experimentation on human
beings. Examples of these consist of the inoculation of Newgate prisoners in 1721, who had been
condemned to death with Smallpox. In
1796, Edward Jenner, also...show more content...
Since we are in Canada, there are two categories of law dealing with regulating experimentation. The
first is Federal and Provincial Legislation.
The second consists of documents, codes of ethics and reports, which while not necessarily
enforceable, strongly urge researchers experiments on human subjects to observe certain standards of
conduct.
A. FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms governs here. Some of its provisions in effect make
certain kinds of experiments illegal. "Any experimental activity which endangers the protected
values is thereof illegal."~
Another is according to current case law, "treatment" may be broadly construed rather
than being limited to therapy.~
Criminal sanctions dealing with offences against the person make it possible to penalize those
causing harm to a subject who has not given valid consent to an experiment. Explaining this, many
experiments on humans are legal and performed everyday. No experiment is performed without a
purpose. The most common is during surgery, the patients give valid consent to have experiments
conducted on them during the operation.
With respect to medications, citizens of Canada are given protection by the Food and Drug Act.
These laws control new medications into the market.
Although

Bioethics Bowl Debate
To all interested universities:
As you may already know, the date for the spring 2017 Bioethics Bowl is set for April 8, at Weber
State University in Utah. What better way to prepare for this competition than to participate in a
mock competition with other teams in our region, some of which who will be competing in the
actual bowl?
The mock competition will be held in late January/early February at the University of South
Alabama in Mobile, Alabama. We are looking at a cap of 8 teams for this competition, but will
look to expand this number in future regionals. Food and supplies will be provided to 10 members
and 3 faculty per team. A $50–$100 registration fee per team will be required.
For those who are not familiar with the Bioethics Bowl and are looking for this initial experience to
spur a club formation at their respective university, the Bioethics Bowl is a debate style competition
revolving around bioethical issues in their nature. These issues include, but by no means are limited
to, the extent hospitals or the state can impinge upon the rights of citizens to ensure their safety, the
duties of a physician (i.e. is physician assisted suicide compatible with a physician's hippocratic
oath? Should you disobey an advanced directive if you believe there is still a chance at life, despite
a family member's request?), and even human chimera experiments. For more detailed questions,
please see the following link for the 2016 Bioethics Bowl Questions http://nubc2016.com/wp–content
/uploads/2014/12/2016–Bioethics–Bowl–Case–Packet.pdf...show more content...
Judges will comprise of local faculty who will be given instructions on what to look for and how
to grade responses, as per existing grading rubrics. The competition will be single elimination, and
will likely run into the afternoon. A grand prize will be awarded to the winner of the

Bioethics Project
Bioethics Project
Decision making is an essential component to bioethics. Decisions are not always obvious, and
the line between right and wrong is often blurred. However easy or difficult it is, a choice is
always made. The decision can be the choice between several different actions, or the choice to do
nothing at all. Decision making can be witnessed in all aspects of science, from seemingly
unimportant decisions in a lab, to life or death decisions on the operating table. A prime example of
a choice in science that has had a drastic affect on millions is the choice to use the cells of Henrietta
Lacks for research without getting informed consent. In GATTACA, Vincent's parents must make
the choice to having a child without any interference,...show more content...
Dhaliwal, I would have administered the anesthetic to the mute woman. There are four main pillars
in medical ethics: beneficence, non–maleficence, autonomy and justice. Justice deals with the
distribution of scarce resources, so it is not applicable in the case of the mute woman. The decision
to administer the anesthetic coincides with all of the principles that apply. Beneficence (do good)
can be described as taking actions with the best interest of the patient. Choosing to administer the
anesthetic could ease the woman's pain, and more importantly, prevent a possible c–section. The
prevention of the c–section is very important to me because I believe it is important to consider not
just the immediate effects of a decision, but also its future implications. I would choose to use a low
risk anesthetic to prevent a possible invasive and dangerous surgery. The low risk anesthetic
coincides with non–maleficence. The anesthetic Dr. Dhaliwal was considering using is one of the
safest anesthetics in the world. The chance of paralysis was miniscule compared to the
complications that could arise of a c–section was needed. Autonomy is the respect for the choice of
the patient, but in the case of the mute woman, it was impossible to get consent. This is similar to an
emergency room where doctors must often operate without consent because they are unable to get it.
I believe this example must be applied to the woman. It was not possible to get consent,

The Importance Of Bioethics
3.Biotechnology is rapidly advancing, and in my opinion, society must adopt some safeguards in
order to handle this rapid advance. The biggest safeguard that I believe society must adopt is,
bioethics. Bioethics is the study of ethical issues involved in biological research. I believe that
society must adopt bioethics as a safeguard because experts must think about the effect that
biotechnology will have before using it. Bioethics should be highly considered because it does not
defend one particular moral attitude, it takes into account all factors, whether it be right or wrong.
Ethical decisions are needed for many biotechnological advances such as genetic cloning, the use of
fetal tissues, and the genetic engineering of crops. Bioethics is needed in these types of
biotechnological advances because they directly affect the heath of a human population, and experts
are now required to think past it only working. Experts and societies should consider the effects on
the human before and after doing these procedures on humans, especially because it could
potentially change their whole life. Furthermore, society should consider the ethical questions raised,
such as, will this help the human? How will it effect their life? Can I fix the negative outcomes? Will
the positive surpass the negative? These are the safeguards that should be instituted using bioethics.
Therefore, because of the rapid advances in biotechnology, the safeguard that should be instituted is
bioethics,

Case Study Bioethics
A. PART 1: BIOETHICS CASE STUDY 5
1. SUMMARY OF THE BIOETHICS CASE STUDY 5
The bioethics case study that was assigned to me is about a tricky court case between two
individuals, Junior and Mary who just got divorced. Before Junior and Mary got divorced they had
infertility problems which led them to undergo the process of in vitro fertilization, the process
resulted in nine embryos, two were implanted, but failed in developing. Now, Junior and Mary are
both competing for the ownership of the embryos left frozen. Both parties have lawyers, Junior
wanted the embryos just to destroy them and Mary wanted to implant the embryos. The in vitro
fertilization is considered as one of reasons that led to their divorce. Junior's lawyer claimed that
...show more content...
The ethical dilemma in this scenario is for Ben to make a decision of being loyal to his best
friend, Tyler who has been cheating on his girlfriend, a girlfriend that Ben also considers as a
close friend or to tell Kendra, the girlfriend everything. The case poses the questions, "What should
Ben do? Should he go home and pretend he didn't see anything? Should he bang on the door and
tell Tyler to knock it off? Should he tell Kendra what he saw, so that she doesn't get hurt? If he does
that, where does that leave his friendship with

Clinical Bioethics
One of the multi–disclipinary group that involve in the challenge to practices ethics in clinical
setting also involve clinical bioethics services group. The challenges faced by this group is lone
clinical ethicists. This happen when relying only a single bioethicist to provide ethics services.
The lone clinical bioethicist faces a number of challenges related to specialization, workload and
peer support. Clinical bioethics services need full cooperation from medical,nurses and other
profession in clinical area to get involves in delivery and practices of ethics in care of patient.
Clinical ethicists have the generalist and specialist competencies to be a valuable resources to their
organization, they cannot alone to provide all the clinical...show more content...
While it is encouraging that the health care organization are turning their eye towards ethics, placing
a clinical bioethicist and ethics committee as the 'ethical center' of an organization, without an
overall cultural commitment to ethics within the organization, may not be effective or sustainable.
The unsupported clinical bioethics will spend as much of their time managing issues related to
workload, credibility and interpersonal relationship. Many clinical bioethics committee and clinical
ethicists struggle to achieve a sustained and supported role within the infrastructure of the
organizational in which they function. They also suggest that ethics is less visible or not
acknowledged as an obvious hospital expenditure. To be sustainable and effective resources, clinical
bioethicist services must receive adequate ongoing funding and support (MacRae et al., 2004).
Moreover, to sustain the ethics in the clinical setting, standard quality improvement approaches can
be used to make structural changes designed and improves access to ethics services. There must be
educational need for clinical bioethics services to ensure that local clinical staff are up to date on the
content and practices implication, potential harmful and unnecessary at the clinical setting. These
will help them become more familiar and interested to practices ethic at

The Importance Of Bioethics
There have been many cases up in northern states like New York where bones have been stolen
and sold for tens of thousands of dollars to tissue banks down south. A ghastly trade in body parts
and organs has been revealed through investigation all throughout the United States, according to
McGee, who proclaims "When it comes to the body, they say you can't take it with you when you
die. But they didn't say it should be sold from the back of a truck. Or that you should not have the
right to give a fully informed consent for whatever it is that medical science wants to do with your
remains." (McGee 102). Bioethics is an important part of medical research and furtherance of
treatments; cures cannot be found without a system of ethicality regulating how the research to
discover them is done. Monique Frize's "Ethics for Bioengineers" presents concepts of ethicality and
discussions of how it is applied on a case to case basis as well as a more all–purpose concept and
covers sections on human experimentation. Alan R. Petersen's "The Politics of Bioethics" has
sections on consent and stem cell research as well as the legal applications of research. Alastair V.
Campbell's "Bioethics: The Basics" gives a general overview of what bioethics is defined as and
why it is important. Glenn Mcgee's "Bioethics for Beginners" gives many examples of cases and
situations related to bioethics to give the reader a knowledgeable basis on which to take a stance on
debates and dilemmas of science and

Bioethics Essay

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