The document discusses monosaccharides and polysaccharides. It classifies monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms they contain, from 3 to 7. Examples of common monosaccharides are provided, including glucose, fructose, and ribose. Structural diagrams are shown for fructose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose. The document also discusses oxidation of sugars and tests used to identify specific monosaccharides, such as the mucic acid test for galactose and lactose and iodine tests to detect starch, dextrin, and glycogen.

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5. Classification of Monosaccharaides based
on the number of Carbon Atoms
Number of
Atoms
Name Example
3 Triose Dihydroxy acetone, Glyceraldehyde
4 Tetrose Erythrose
5 Pentose Ribulose, Xylulose, Ribose
6 Hexose Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Galactose
7 Heptose Glucoheptose, Galactoheptose, Sedoheptose
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6. Structure of Fructose:
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9. Structure of Maltose Structure of Lactose
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10. Structure of Sucrose
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27. Oxidation:
Sugar are oxidation gives acid. The oxidation product depends upon
oxidizing agent used in the reaction.
E. g. Glucose is oxidizing to different products with the help of
different oxidizing agents.
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28. Mucic Acid test:
This is used for identification of galactose and lactose.
Galactose or Lactose on oxidation in presence of conc.
Nitric acid gives galactosaccharid acid (Mucic Acid).
Iodine test:
Iodine reacts with starch dextrin and Glycogen to form a colored
complex.
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29. Type of Polysaccharide Colour with
Iodine
1 Starch Blue
2 Dextrin Brown
3 Glycogen Pink
4 Amylose Deep Blue
5 Amylopectin Purple
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