Biochemical engineering involves the design of processes that use living organisms or their components to produce useful products. It deals with reactor design, process design, and applications in areas like pharmaceuticals, food, and biotechnology. Instrumentation is used to monitor important process parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and gas and liquid flow rates to control bioreactors and optimize production. Value engineering aims to improve value by increasing function or reducing costs through techniques like simplifying procedures and improving resource efficiency.