An introductory Seminar on the Bio active ingredients from Zynthoxylem armatum,delivered during my presentation in Institute of Chemical Sciences Gomal University,Dera Ismaiel Khan Pakistan.

1. BIOACTIVE INGREDIANTS
ZYNTHOXYLEM GENUS
Abdul Samad
PhD Scholar
Supervisor:. Dr. Syed Badshah
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2. PHYTOCHEMISTRY
BILOGICAL ACTIVITY
Outlines
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3. ALKALOIDS
Fagaronine
Iwamide
Chelerythrine
Isotembetarine
Dictamine
Sanguanarine
Nitidine
Integriamide
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4. Structures
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5. Biological Activities
Anti-
Tumor
Anti
Bacterial
Nematicide
Anti
Malarial
Anti
leukemic
Anti
Fungal
Anti
Oxidant
Important of
these are
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6. LIGNANS
Syringaresinol (+)-Sesamin
(-)-Cubebin Ailanthoidol
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7. Structures
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8. Biological Activities
The more
important
of these are
Antiviral
Antitumor
Antihepatotoxic
Antituberculous
Insecticides
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9. AurapteneCollinine
larcinatin
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10. Structures
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11. Biological Activities
USEFULL/
IMPORTANT
Antibacterial
Antitumor
Vasodilatory
Anticoagulant
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12. 1,8-cineole
cis-4-thujanol
TERPENES
Germacrene D-
4-ol
Elemol
β- Myrcene
β-Phellandrene
Germacrene D
Sabinene
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13. Structures
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14. STEROLS
β-Sitosterol lupeol Stigmasterol Campesterol
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15. Structures
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16. Biological Activities
Fumigant Insecticidal
Antifungal
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17. The term allelopathy from the Greek, allelo- and Pathy (meaning
"mutual harm" or "suffering")
The Austrian professor Hans Molisch in 1937.
Allelochemicals, biochemicals that influence the growth, survival,
and reproduction of one plant by another plant.
At a concentration of 2500 µM, xanthoxyline (Z. limonella)
completely inhibited seed germination and growth of Chinese
amaranth, and showed a significantly inhibitory effect on seed
germination of Barnyard grass by 43.59%
Allelopathic Activity
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18. An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of
drugs used to achieve analgesia — relief from pain.
The study on the extract of the root bark of
Z.xanthoxyloids showed analgesia, probably, by inhibiting
prostaglandin production, because some isolated and
purified alkaloids of the root bark of Z. xanthoxyloides
have anti-prostaglandin synthetase activity
Analgesic activity
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19. Anticonvulsant activity
Anticonvulsants ( antiepileptic drugs or antiseizure
drugs) are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used
in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
Anticonvulsant activity was carried out with the
methanol and aqueous extracts from leaves of Z.
capense. Both showed significant activity, finding
that----- delay seizures or act as agonists.
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20. Antihelmitic activity
Antihelmitic or anthelmintic are drugs that expel parasitic worms
(helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either
stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to
the host.
They may also be called vermifuges (those which stun) or
vermicides (those which kill).
Two recent studies reveal that acetone: water (70:30) and ethanol
extracts from leaves of Z. Xanthoxyloides showed promising
activity against Asaris lumbricoides, Haemonchus contortus,
Trichostrongylus colubriformis that can lead to deaths in sheep or
goats worldwide.
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21. Anti-inflammatory activity
 Anti- inflammatory or antiinflammatory refers to the property of a substance that
reduces inflammation or swelling.
 The extracts (methonolic, ethonolic, hexane, ethyl acetate) of various species of
Z. Genus have presented promising results of antiinflammatory activity.
 The isolated compounds such as Alkaloids, Terpenes and Coumarins have been
proved to have anti-inflammatory potential.
 Lupeol, found in most species of the genus Zanyhoxylum has gained wide
attention of medical professionals, pharmaceutical marketers and researchers all
around the world for its inhibitory effects on inflammation under in vitro and in
animal models of inflammation
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22. Cytotoxic activity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
Benzophenanthridine alkaloids, are characterized by their potent
antitumor activity.
 Chelidonin, as the main component of Ukrain ®, (celandine) an
anti-cancer medicament.
Berberine,isolated from Z. monophyllum showed activity against
HT-29 (colorectal cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HEp-2 (larynx
cancer) and MKN-45 (gastric cancer) cell lines.
Nitidine chloride and 6-methoxy-5, 6- dihydronitidine, isolated from
Z. macrophylla, also have exhibited antitumor activity against
different human cell lines.
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23. Antinociceptive activity
Reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli.
Z.chilipirone, 100 and 200 mg/kg, to detect significantly
inhibition in the paw lick, suggesting, the extracts possess
constituents with antinociceptive activity.
Ethanol extract of Z. rhoifolium and one of the major
constituents (lupeol) have antinociceptive activity, in
different models of chemical nociception ( pain sense) in
mice.
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Antioxidant activity
 Antioxidants, molecules that inhibit or
scavenge the oxidation of other molecules.
 Glutathione, Vitamins (A,C,E), enzymes such
as Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Various
Peroxidases.
 Zynthoxylem. bungeanum,Z. alatum,
Z.piperitum and Z. achanthopodium have
demonstrated an interesting antioxidant power.

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