This document introduces Mitsubishi's first electric vehicle, the iMiEV, and discusses its environmental benefits and Ireland's potential role in electric vehicle trials. It provides background on Mitsubishi Motors' environmental strategy and history with electric vehicles. The iMiEV is described as Mitsubishi's first production electric car, based on the successful i-Car platform. Key specifications and features of the iMiEV are outlined, including a range of 160km, quick charging capability, and normal charging using household outlets. The document argues that electric vehicles could help Ireland meet its emissions reduction targets and that the country is well positioned to harness renewable energy for transportation.
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4. 1.1 Background
About Us
• Mitsubishi Motors Corporation – “MMC”:
– Mitsubishi Motors Corporation traces its history back to the 1870s
– Key shareholders remain unchanged:
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Mitsubishi Corporation and The Bank of Tokyo-
Mitsubishi Ltd., hold 34% of outstanding common stock
• Public and institutional shareholders hold balance
• Mitsubishi Motors Ireland:
• Acquired by Frank Keane Holdings in 1984
• Wholly owned Irish company
• Provide sales and marketing infrastructure for Mitsubishi vehicles in Ireland
• MMC and it’s partners have established a leadership position in electric
vehicles with commercial production expected to start in 2009.
• We are championing the case for Ireland to be a central part of the global trial
of Mitsubishi electric vehicles
4
7. 1.4 Background
Mitsubishi Environmental Strategy – 2020 Vision
1. Reducing Oil Dependence
(Energy Security)
CNG vehicle
Readiness for bio-fuel
(Ethanol FFV)
FCV Improved diesel
performance
iMIEV
PHEV
i MiEV High-efficient transmission
Catalyst technologies
Weight reduction low-emission
vehicles
Restricted use of
hazardous
substances Variable valve engine
3. Sustainable Production 2. Reduce Global Warming
7
8. 1.5 Background
Mitsubishi Electric Vehicle History
• The first Mitsubishi Electrical vehicle was built in 1971
• Programme parked due to uneconomic cost at the time and again in 1990s
• Research recognised the crucial importance of the battery
• Provided important starting point for current programme
MINICAB EV MINICA VAN EV
Mitsubishi Group’s PR magazine; issued in 1972
8
9. 1.6 Background
Mitsubishi Electric Vehicle History
Joint venture Battery Manufacturing Company (Lithium Energy Japan)
established in December 2007.
Achieved key milestone of getting the battery below 20% of the vehicle weight
9
10. 2 Introducing iMiEV
Mitsubishi’s first production electric car
10
11. 2.1 Introducing iMiEV
A Real Car – Based on the successful iCar
Petrol i-Car Electric Version
• Petrol i-Car has been a successful petrol car in Japan since Jan 2006.
• Vehicle today is the electric prototype of this car – 11 in Europe
• iMiEV is the first electric car and is expected to go into commercial
production in Japan in September 2009
• Limited production due to capacity constraints
• Technology showcase for Mitsubishi – intend to apply to other
vehicles
11
12. 2.2 Introducing iMiEV
First Glimpse – iMiEV Sport Air
iMiEV Sport Air – concept car to be shown at the
Geneva Motor Show in March 2009 12
13. 2.3 Introducing iMiEV
Key Design Features
All EV components can be installed under the floor.
Engine & Transmission Inverter
Charger
Motor
Lithium-ion Battery
Fuel Tank
Four adults can be seated
Cargo space is same as petrol i
13
14. 2.4 Introducing iMiEV
Real Car – No compromise on performance
Small and quiet engine More torque
i MiEV Petrol
Max.Output 47kW 47kW
Max.Torque 180Nm 94Nm
Max.Speed 8500rpm 7500rpm
Permanent magnet Turbo-
Type
synchronous charged
Sporty character Quicker acceleration
Torque Characteristics Acceleration
i MiEV (0km/h → 80km/h)
1.5 sec. faster
Torque (Nm)
i MiEV
i petrol
i petrol
Time
Engine Speed (rpm)
14
15. 2.5 Introducing iMiEV
Range and Charging
Range is up to 160km Charging Power Charging
Two ways of charging – quick and normal supply time
time
In total 20kWh will be charged into battery
Normal charging at any regular plug in Europe Quick Three-phase Approx. 30
charger 200V, 50kW min. (80%)
Quick charging developed by Tokyo Electric
Power Company (TEPCO) and Mitsubishi.
Household 200V (15A) 7 hours(Full)
– under development for Europe
charger
Normal socket Quick charger socket
TEPCO Quick
charger
15
16. 2.6 Introducing iMiEV
Instrument panel & controls
3 positions for gear lever
1. Drive – car functions as normal
2. Eco mode – limits power output >> limits consumption. Light regenerative braking
3. Brake – Strong regenerative braking – used for downhill driving
Power usage
Shift Indicator
Power
1 reserve
2
3
16
17. 2.7 Introducing iMiEV
Practical Considerations
Designed for the urban car environment
• Like its petrol equivalent it is not designed for long distance commuting
• Range is capped at 160km
Short term supply issues
• Limited capacity until 2011
• Extreme competition from other countries
Cost of initial production vehicle is high for most consumers
17
19. 3.1 Environmental Benefit
Benefits to Ireland of facilitating EV’s
• Transport is the fastest rising
source of CO2 and GHG emission
• Significant financial penalties for
Ireland if we miss our targets
• Electric vehicles allow us to harness
renewable energy efficiently.
• Predictable and low cost source of
power
– Competitive advantage
19
20. 3.2 Key Environmental Benefits
Energy efficiency of Electric Vehicles
• Electric Vehicles use energy substantially more efficiently.
Well to wheel
Well to Overall
Tank to wheel
tank
28.5%
Charger Batt. Inverter Motor Mechanical
EV 42.9% 66,5%
90% 92% 96% 91% 92%
HEV 24.8%
82.2% 30.2%
(Petrol)
15.8%
Diesel 88.6% 17.8%
12.4%
Gasoline 82.2% 15.1%
*Calculation based on the share of Elec. Power source in Japan 20
21. 3.3 Key Environmental Benefits
CO2 emission
• CO2 value of electrical vehicles is officially 0 g/km in Europe
• Electricity production does however create CO2
• Given Japanese energy mix, net CO2 reduction is 64%*
• Driving 10.000 km per year > 0,73 ton CO2 reduction
• Believe that there is at least a similar benefit to Ireland
Well to wheel emission ( Japanese 10 15 mode)
i MiEV 41 64% reduction
i petrol 114
g‐CO2/km
*Ref: JHFC Seminar 2005 21
22. 3.4 Key Environmental Benefits
Noise level – outside vehicle
• Noise level decrease by 5 dB
– When fully accelerating from 50 km/h
– A 100% increase of sound volume equals (=) 3dB increase
– EV can contribute to lower the sound pollution in big cities in Europe
‐5dB
i MiEV
i petrol
Noise (dB-A)
22
23. 3.5 Key Environmental Benefits
Energy Economy – Petrol vs. Electric
Cost per km is 75% cheaper – based on ESB urban night saver residential rate
i‐ P etrol i‐ MiE V
Usable range (km.) 1 60 km
F uel capacity 35 liter 21 KW H
E nergy usage 1 9.2 km/L 7.6 km/KW H
Kilometers per year 1 2000 1 2000
E nergy usage 625.0 L/ Y ear 1 575.0 KW H/Y ear
52.1 L/ Month 1 31 L/ Month
E nergy costs per unit 1 .00 per Litre 0.0984 per KW H
C ost per km 5.21 E urocent/ km 1 .29 E urocent/ km
C ost per month 52.1 E uro 1 2.9 E uro
C ost per year 625 E uro 1 55 E uro
Difference E UR 470 25%
155
i‐ MIE V
625 i‐ petrol
0 1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700
23
25. 4.1 Trial Programme
Why are we here?
• Mitsubishi Motors Corporation have brought 11 prototype vehicles to Europe
in preparation for launch.
• Delighted to be given the opportunity to participate in this trial.
• Intend to show the car’s potential to key stakeholders
• Car will be in Ireland for 3 months from April 2009
• Keen to promote the iMiEV in Ireland at an early stage given:
• Limited commercial production availability in the short term
• Wanted to show policymakers that it is a viable and practical vehicle
• Opportunity for Ireland to be a European showcase for EVs
• Believe that early adoption of electric vehicles benefits Ireland’s image abroad:
• Particularly true for tourism, food and technology sectors
• Show our commitment to the knowledge economy
• Believe that the Irish consumer is ready for EVs
25
26. 4.2 Trial Programme
Ireland - Right Consumer for Electric Vehicles
• Small cars have traditionally dominated the Irish car market
• Strong customer financial incentive
• Similar to Japan, Ireland is a right hand drive car market
• Consumer is already engaged – strong interest in hybrids / bio diesel
• Young population – will live with pollution consequences
• Accepts a financial cost for environmental protection
• Enthusiastic uptake for environmental reforms to date
• Majority of the population is urban - short average daily commutes - c20km
• Heavy reliance on motor transport
• Low level of high rise – strong access to power at the kerb
• Climate is relatively stable
26
29. 5.1 Key Challenges
Need a fiscal stimulus to roll out EV
Government target for electric vehicles – 10% by 2020
Key support for Electric Vehicles to Date
• Exemption from VRT
• Increased capital allowance
• Lowest band for annual road tax
Governments need to help close the gap for customers through a financial
incentive programme to get the first 250 vehicles on the road
Reward early adopters through
• Reduction in rate of BIK for EVs
• Exemption for electric vehicles from parking charges
• Exemption from annual motor tax
• Allow EVs to use bus lanes
Why do we need a financial stimulus to support migration to EVs?
29
30. 5.2 Key Challenges
Need a fiscal stimulus to roll out EV
• Today - High cost/low volume
• Expensive battery technology
Ownership Cost
Fiscal stimulus
petrol car
Meet EV 10% Target
electric vehicle
Demand/Volume
30
31. 5.2 Key Challenges
Financially Responsible to Stimulate EV’s
• Cost of Stimulus • Reduces Ireland’s carbon penalty
• Supports renewable infrastructure
• Creates green jobs in Ireland
• Improves competitiveness
• Cleaner air -> lower health costs 31
32. 5.3 Key Challenges
Creating a supportive climate for EV
VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
• Vehicle supply • Target setting for EV share
• Deliver attractive & finished product • Financial incentives for early adopters
• Promote switch to EV by consumers • Promote EV usage benefits
• Lead by example in procurement
ELECTRICITY PROVIDERS RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
• Infrastructure • Knowledge creation/sharing
• Energy supply at attractive rates • Drive technology forward
• Billing structure (i.e. battery improvement)
• Metering • Define quality standards
32
34. Appendix 1:
Technical Specifications - Car
Overall Length x Width x Height 3395 x 1475 x 1600 mm
Curb Weight 1080 kg
Seating Capacity 4
Max. Speed 130 km/h
Range 160 km
Type Permanent magnet synchronous
Max. Output 47 kW
Motor
Max. Torque 180 N m
Drive System Rear wheel drive
Type Lithium-ion
Total Voltage 330 V
Battery
Total Energy 20 kWh
34
36. Appendix 1:
Vehicle Specifications - Battery
Battery module of 20KWh can be placed under the floor panel without further
modification
88 x Cell
22 Modules 1 x Battery Package
36
37. Appendix 1:
Vehicle Specifications – Driving Range
Japan
10-15 mode 160km range 7
air conditioner Average Speed 22.7km/h
off
140 Km/h
120
100
EU mode 80
144km range
air conditioner 60 4.5
off 40
Average Speed 32.2km/h
20
0 (s)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2 4 6 8
Driving Range(km) Driving time
(hour)
Average speed in Dublin is 17km/h 37