Bifi 2014 welcome-lefebvre
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The CEA LITEN laboratory focuses on developing low-carbon energy technologies such as solar photovoltaics, thermal systems, biomass, hydrogen, energy efficiency, and electric mobility. It has over 1,350 employees and a budget of 180 million euros. Some of its research areas include batteries, fuel cells, solar energy, advanced materials, and energy efficiency. It operates major research facilities in Grenoble and Chambery. CEA LITEN is working on integrated approaches from nanomaterials to demonstrator projects. It is involved in increasing solar PV efficiency and lowering costs through initiatives like the INES PV research center to help solar PV compete without subsidies and increase its small share of global energy production over the coming decades.
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1) bSolar has developed an industrial process for manufacturing bifacial solar cells using standard p-type silicon fabrication.
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The document discusses the development and industrial production of high efficiency bifacial solar cells by PVGS. Key points include:
1) PVGS has developed a bifacial solar cell called "EarthON" that achieves over 19.5% efficiency on the front and over 19% on the rear, with a bifaciality ratio over 95%.
2) PVGS operates a unique 35MW factory dedicated to bifacial cell production, which began operation in July 2011 and is achieving high production yields with average efficiencies exceeding 19.2%.
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The document discusses the need for a new standard measurement method for bifacial solar cells and modules, as bifacial technology provides more power from both sides of the panel, especially in the morning, afternoon, and winter. It poses questions about making the advantages of bifacial modules clear to buyers, calculating the additional costs of bifacial technology, and what is needed to significantly grow the bifacial PV market to tens of gigawatts. Improving module layout is also discussed, such as optimizing cells for bifacial use and testing to guarantee the lifetime of bifacial modules.
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1) Heterojunction solar cells show similar efficiency potential for bifacial (20%) and non-bifacial configurations but rear efficiency is lower (17%) due to reflectivity limitations.
2) N-type PERT cells initially showed lower rear efficiency (16%) but modifying the process to use a lighter rear doping achieved 92% of front efficiency (18%).
3) Ion implantation and co-diffusion processes simplify PERT cell fabrication and could achieve the highest efficiency (19.5%) at lowest cost through fewer steps.
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5 hartmut nussbaumer, bifi psda, antofagasta (chile) 2015
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More from Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
M4 sf 18sn010303061 8th us german 020918 lac reduced sand2018-1339r
M4 sf 18sn010303061 8th us german 020918 lac reduced sand2018-1339rSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
The 8th US/German Workshop on Salt Repository Research, Design, and Operation was hosted by COVRA in the Netherlands. Fifty-five participants efficiently conducted technical discussions. Major topics included:
1) WEIMOS project testing creep behavior of WIPP salt
2) Creep at low deviatoric stress, where salt may deform faster than expected
3) Reconsolidation of granular salt and implications for operational safety and long-term performance
4) KOSINA project developing designs for a German repository in bedded salt and examining safety and verification concepts.
The workshop advanced collaboration on salt repository science and identified priorities for future research. Proceedings were produced to document discussions and guide continuing workSand2018 0581 o metadata for presentations 011918 lac
Sand2018 0581 o metadata for presentations 011918 lacSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document contains information from presentations given at the 8th US-German Workshop on Salt Repository Research, Design, and Operation held from September 5-7, 2017 in Middelburg, Netherlands. It includes 26 presentations on topics related to salt repository research including salt creep properties, modeling, safety case development, and experiences from WIPP. Presenters were from organizations in the US, Germany, France and Netherlands involved in nuclear waste management and salt repository programs.11 Testing Shear Strength and Deformation along Discontinuities in Salt
11 Testing Shear Strength and Deformation along Discontinuities in SaltSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
Sandia National Laboratories is conducting laboratory and potential underground tests to better understand shear stresses and strains along discontinuities in salt formations. Upcoming laboratory tests in 2017 will apply controlled shear stresses to salt samples containing clay seams and measure the effects on shear and fracture strength. The results will be used to improve models of shear behavior along interfaces. Potential future underground tests in a salt alcove in 2018 would apply stresses to a salt pillar containing a clay seam using pressurized flatjacks to directly observe shear deformation responses in situ. The aim is to reduce modeling uncertainties regarding permeability and deformation of salt near discontinuities.10 Current status of research in the Joint Project WEIMOS
10 Current status of research in the Joint Project WEIMOSSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
The document summarizes the current status of research in the joint project WEIMOS. The project involves partners from Germany and the United States studying rock mechanical modeling of salt for final radioactive waste disposal. Work packages include studying deformation behavior at small stresses, the influence of temperature on damage reduction, tensile stresses, and the effect of inhomogeneities like layer boundaries. The goal is to improve analysis of salt's long-term integrity around an underground waste repository through advanced modeling. Current work includes laboratory creep testing, modeling salt dome uplift rates, and developing a virtual 3D demonstration model.26 Current research on deep borehole disposal of nuclear spent fuel and high-...
26 Current research on deep borehole disposal of nuclear spent fuel and high-...Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
Current research on deep borehole disposal of nuclear spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste - considerations within a German research project25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt Repository
25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt RepositorySandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document discusses efforts to model groundwater flow near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) salt repository using the d3f++ and PFLOTRAN codes. It summarizes work to update an existing coarse-scale model of the WIPP site to include density-driven flow and improve the mesh and parameterization. Challenges included the old mesh's irregularity and aspect ratios as well as representing an evolving water table. Both codes struggled with the original mesh. Simpler 2D benchmark problems were suggested to better compare the codes' capabilities before further work on the full basin-scale model.24 Actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories: Updates from ABC Salt (V)
24 Actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories: Updates from ABC Salt (V)Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
The document summarizes the Actinide and Brine Chemistry in a Salt Repository (ABC Salt V) workshop held in March 2017. It provides an overview of the workshop sessions which covered updates on the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and international salt repositories, salt research project updates, microbial effects, corrosion and sorption studies, modeling and solubility studies, temperature effects, and actinide redox chemistry and solubility. Key discussions focused on data gaps in solubility models and understanding actinide redox processes under repository conditions. The workshop facilitated productive discussions between international researchers and showed continued progress is being made in salt repository research despite challenges.23 Sandia’s Salt Design Concept for High Level Waste and Defense Spent Nuclea...
23 Sandia’s Salt Design Concept for High Level Waste and Defense Spent Nuclea...Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
Sandia National Laboratories researchers presented a preliminary salt design concept for disposing of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in salt geologic settings. They proposed direct disposal of glassified high-level waste in stainless steel canisters and using robust steel overpacks for spent nuclear fuel. Waste packages would be emplaced transversely in just-in-time constructed drifts and immediately backfilled with crushed salt to limit radiation exposure and provide stability. Thermal analysis indicated waste package spacing of around 8 meters for spent fuel and 3 to 7.7 meters for high-level waste would be sufficient to limit temperatures. The design aims to simplify handling and take advantage of salt's ability to self-heal around the waste packages.22 WIPP Future Advancements and Operational Safety
22 WIPP Future Advancements and Operational SafetySandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document discusses the ventilation system upgrades and long-term plans at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility. It outlines the historic and current ventilation modes, upgrades made after a radiological event in 2014, and plans for a new permanent ventilation system and exhaust shaft to support operations through 2050. This will include a new filter building capable of handling all underground exhaust air, as well as potentially a new shaft with hoisting capability to replace the aging salt handling shaft and enhance material and waste handling operations over the long term.21 WIPP recovery and Operational Safety
The document discusses recovery efforts at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) following incidents in 2014 that halted operations. Key points include:
- Ground control challenges from lack of maintenance during the shutdown and restrictions with protective equipment. Efforts are ongoing to catch up.
- Waste emplacement in Panel 7 resumed in 2017 with shipments restarting and ramping up to support filling available space for the next 3-4 years.
- Mining of new Panel 8 is planned to begin in 2017 to provide additional disposal capacity, requiring removal of left equipment.
- Recovery includes safety upgrades, restoring infrastructure, initial closures, and planning future mining and closures through 2024.
20 EPA Review of DOE’s 2014 Compliance Recertification Application for WIPP
20 EPA Review of DOE’s 2014 Compliance Recertification Application for WIPPSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
EPA reviewed DOE's 2014 application to recertify the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for radioactive waste disposal. EPA conducted a completeness review and requested four sensitivity studies from DOE to address issues. The studies found that mean total releases increased under some modified assumptions but did not exceed limits. As a result, EPA recertified WIPP in July 2017 while recommending areas for DOE to improve in future applications.19 Repository designs in bedded salt, the KOSINA-Project
19 Repository designs in bedded salt, the KOSINA-ProjectSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document summarizes work from the KOSINA project to develop generic repository concepts for storing heat-generating nuclear waste in bedded salt formations in Germany. It outlines four repository design concepts - drift disposal of casks, horizontal borehole disposal of canisters, vertical borehole disposal of canisters, and direct disposal of transport casks. For each concept, the repository layout, waste packaging and emplacement methods are described. The document also reviews the types and amounts of nuclear waste according to Germany's waste management program and summarizes the project's objectives to fill gaps in repository design and safety demonstration for bedded salt formations.18 Interaction between Operational Safety and Long-Term Safety (Project BASEL)
18 Interaction between Operational Safety and Long-Term Safety (Project BASEL)Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document discusses the interaction between operational safety and long-term safety for geological radioactive waste repositories. It outlines challenges in developing a safety case that addresses both operational and post-closure phases. The project aims to identify impacts that operation may have on long-term safety and vice versa. This is done through a feature, event, and process catalog that identifies hazards during the operational phase and assesses their relevance for long-term safety. The work will help illustrate the balance and linkage between ensuring safety during facility operation and after closure.17 Salt Reconsolidation
This document summarizes discussions from a workshop on salt repository research. It addresses key issues regarding the reconsolidation of crushed salt backfill material used in nuclear waste repositories. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Understanding the relevant mechanisms (e.g. dislocation creep, pressure solution creep) and conditions (e.g. porosity, temperature) that influence reconsolidation.
2) Identifying gaps in experimental data on reconsolidation, especially at low porosities and relevant load conditions, to improve model validation.
3) Evaluating existing reconsolidation models through detailed investigation and benchmarking to calibration and identify their applicable ranges.
4) Proposing a project to address deficits in
16 Reconsolidation of granular salt (DAEF report)
16 Reconsolidation of granular salt (DAEF report)Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
The document summarizes an assessment of existing experimental data and constitutive models for predicting the behavior of crushed salt backfill during reconsolidation in a salt repository. It finds that while several thermo-mechanical models have been developed, the experimental database is incomplete, particularly for the low porosity range under relevant conditions. It recommends future work to complete the database through improved experiments and to calibrate and benchmark models against experimental results to enable reliable predictions of long-term behavior and hydraulic properties.15 Outcome of the Repoperm Project
The Repoperm project studied the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of compacting crushed salt backfill at low porosities. It found that:
1) Measurement of properties like permeability and constitutive relationships for two-phase flow are possible down to gas permeabilities of 10-15 m2.
2) Presently used models have limits and material parameters depend on the specific test, so predictive capability needs improving.
3) Further research is needed to fully characterize hydro-mechanical behavior, understand permeability under unsaturated conditions, and reconcile results from different test types.
14 Radiological Consequences Analysis for a HLW Repository in Bedded Salt in ...
14 Radiological Consequences Analysis for a HLW Repository in Bedded Salt in ...Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
The document summarizes radiological consequence analyses for a hypothetical high-level waste repository in bedded salt formations in Germany. It describes work packages analyzing the safety concept and developing a safety demonstration concept. Test cases are analyzed to verify applicability of radiological indicators and models. The base case scenario and sensitivity cases with reduced diffusion and convergence are modeled. Results show the repository system can provide long-term containment and negligible radiological impacts due to the geological barrier and engineered barriers like shaft and drift seals and compacted salt backfill. Sensitivity studies aid understanding key parameters and processes.13 "New results of the KOSINA project - Generic geological models / Integrity...
13 "New results of the KOSINA project - Generic geological models / Integrity...Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document summarizes work from the KOSINA project, which is developing concepts for a generic salt repository in Germany for heat-generating nuclear waste. It discusses two work packages (WP2 and WP4) focused on developing generic geological models and analyzing the geomechanical integrity of potential repository designs. For WP2, generic 3D models were developed for two site types - flat-bedded salt and salt pillows. Material parameters for the salt and surrounding rock were also compiled. WP4 involves thermo-mechanical modeling to demonstrate integrity for designs using each site type, including drift emplacement and horizontal borehole disposal concepts. Preliminary modeling results for a flat-bedded and pillow site are presented.12 Salt testing: Low deviatoric stress data
12 Salt testing: Low deviatoric stress dataSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
This document contains a graph showing the change in total axial strain over time for different materials under various levels of stress ranging from 0.2 to 3 MPa. The graph also includes lines for the calculated strain rates, which range from 1.5x10^-11 to 4.13x10^-12 per second. The data was collected by RESPEC over a period of up to 160 days.09 Invited Lecture: Salt Creep at Low Deviatoric Stress
09 Invited Lecture: Salt Creep at Low Deviatoric StressSandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables
1. Very slow creep tests were conducted on salt rock samples in stable underground environments to obtain strain rates in the range of 10-13/s. This provides data in the very low stress range of 0-5 MPa that is representative of conditions near deep salt caverns, filling gaps in existing data.
2. The tests found transient creep phases lasting 6-10 months and steady-state creep rates 5-6 orders of magnitude faster than extrapolated from standard higher-stress tests. Results were consistent with models assuming pressure-solution creep at low stresses.
3. One sample showed apparent "swelling" after oil was found within it, possibly due to water vapor entry leading to strain in anMore from Sandia National Laboratories: Energy & Climate: Renewables (20)
M4 sf 18sn010303061 8th us german 020918 lac reduced sand2018-1339r
M4 sf 18sn010303061 8th us german 020918 lac reduced sand2018-1339r
Sand2018 0581 o metadata for presentations 011918 lac
Sand2018 0581 o metadata for presentations 011918 lac
11 Testing Shear Strength and Deformation along Discontinuities in Salt
11 Testing Shear Strength and Deformation along Discontinuities in Salt
10 Current status of research in the Joint Project WEIMOS
10 Current status of research in the Joint Project WEIMOS
26 Current research on deep borehole disposal of nuclear spent fuel and high-...
26 Current research on deep borehole disposal of nuclear spent fuel and high-...
25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt Repository
25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt Repository
24 Actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories: Updates from ABC Salt (V)
24 Actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories: Updates from ABC Salt (V)
23 Sandia’s Salt Design Concept for High Level Waste and Defense Spent Nuclea...
23 Sandia’s Salt Design Concept for High Level Waste and Defense Spent Nuclea...
22 WIPP Future Advancements and Operational Safety
22 WIPP Future Advancements and Operational Safety
20 EPA Review of DOE’s 2014 Compliance Recertification Application for WIPP
20 EPA Review of DOE’s 2014 Compliance Recertification Application for WIPP
19 Repository designs in bedded salt, the KOSINA-Project
19 Repository designs in bedded salt, the KOSINA-Project
18 Interaction between Operational Safety and Long-Term Safety (Project BASEL)
18 Interaction between Operational Safety and Long-Term Safety (Project BASEL)
14 Radiological Consequences Analysis for a HLW Repository in Bedded Salt in ...
14 Radiological Consequences Analysis for a HLW Repository in Bedded Salt in ...
13 "New results of the KOSINA project - Generic geological models / Integrity...
13 "New results of the KOSINA project - Generic geological models / Integrity...
09 Invited Lecture: Salt Creep at Low Deviatoric Stress
09 Invited Lecture: Salt Creep at Low Deviatoric Stress
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Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
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Bifi 2014 welcome-lefebvre
- 1. Laboratoire d’Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux From research to Industry CEA LITEN | MAI 2013 | PAGE 1 Florence LEFEBVRE-JOUD LITEN Scientific Director,
- 2. CEA IN BRIEF: Micro-electronics, Systems and smart devices Embedded and Interactive systems New Technologies for Energy & Nanomaterials 16,000 p. 10 research centers CEA LITEN | PAGE 2
- 3. Contribute to reaching the objectives of the French “Grenelle de l’environnement” and of the European Climate Plan Contribute to secure French energy independency CEA MANDATE AND ROLE OF LITEN CEA LITEN | PAGE 3 Low carbon energy technologies • Solar photovoltaic and concentrated •Thermal systems • Biomass & Hydrogen • Electric Mobility Energy Efficiency • Components & systems • Process & integration • Harvesting • Smart management Low environmental impact • Eco-conception − Life Cycle Analysis − Recycling − Rare, toxic or critical materials
- 4. LITEN ORGANISATION Electric Mobility Batteries Fuel cells Vehicles integration Solar energy & Building Solar PV, CSP, CPV Building & mobility Storage, Smart grid Advanced materials Nano-materials Processes / recycling Micro-sources Organic components Thermic Biomass & Hydrogen Energy Efficiency H2 Production & storage Biomass, Biofuels Smart energy grids CEA LITEN | PAGE 4
- 5. Grenoble : Electrical transports, Hydrogen, Biomass, Nanomaterials Chambery : Solar Energy & Building integration CEA LITEN KEY FIGURES 1350 p Manpower Budget 180 M€ Publications Patents +235 in 2013 1000 patents reached end of 2013 170 on PV techno
- 6. INTEGRATED APPROACH: FROM NANOMATERIALS TO DEMONSTRATORS PEMFC system Battery cells Solar cells Alsolen: 500 KW Fresnel Concentrated Solar Power Integration of CEA technologies 15 KWh Li Battery+ 25 kW PEMFC + 10,5 kg H2 ~350 kWh Fuel cell catalyst Powder for batteries Atomic scale modelling of hydrides X rays Nanotomography of ceramic cells LiFePO4 Li4Ti5O12 Solar charging station and micro grid
- 7. CEA LITEN | PAGE 7 INES PV ACTIVITIES
- 8. CEA LITEN | PAGE 8 CURRENT STATUS OF SOLAR PV • Place of PV in World Energy Mix still limited (0,08%) Renewable 2013 Global Status Report Total World Energy Consomption by source (2011)
- 9. CEA LITEN | PAGE 9 • Strong decrease of the Si module price since 2012 Module selling price = 0.69 $/Wp (PV insight Feb 2014 ) PV module price learning curve JRC Scientific and Policy Report - 2013 • Market capacity (~40 GW) Overcapacity of production (~60 GW) • No more margin possible from module production, no ROI possible no capital • Prices should remain stabilized for several years PV MARKET STATUS: A DIFFICULT PERIOD
- 10. CEA LITEN | PAGE 10 • Continuous decrease of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE): PV can compete with oil, liquified natural gas, without subsidies International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV), 5th edition, March 2014, www.itrpv.net GOOD REASONS FOR OPTIMISM
- 11. CEA LITEN | PAGE 11 SCENARIOS UNTIL 2035 Several scenarios… Difficult to give accurate predictions (place of shale gas?) BUT PV is expected to show significant growth
- 12. CEA LITEN | PAGE 12 Last 10 years: • Development of mass production • Achievement of significant cost reduction • Showing PV as a competitive energy source CONCLUSION: PV in a transition phase http://www.pvgs.jp/en/earthon.html Nowadays and within the next 3-5 years: • Preparation of PV renewal • Improve module reliability • Develop news technologies for increased efficiency and decreased cost • Focus on the LCOE BIFACIAL concept
- 13. CEA LITEN | PAGE 13 2nD Edition, Cell Session Have a fruitful constructive and pleasant workshop