This document summarizes the key points about biodiversity loss and its impacts on human health and medication development. It discusses how biodiversity provides benefits through natural products that have led to many current medications, especially antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Loss of biodiversity limits these benefits as it reduces available natural compounds for medication research and development. This can increase health risks by reducing effective treatments for diseases. The document calls for policies to preserve biodiversity and incentivize natural product research to maintain these health benefits for current and future generations.
What Good is Community Greening - Community GardeningBenBeckers
The document discusses research that demonstrates the benefits of community greening and gardening. It describes how greening reduces stress, improves health outcomes, and fosters community development. However, community greeners often lack concrete data and facts to convince politicians and developers of greening's value. Recent research from diverse fields provides strong evidence of greening's social, economic, and health benefits, such as reduced crime, higher property values, and improved mental health. This research confirms that while nature may seem like a luxury, it is essential for healthy human and community development.
Supporting Community Gardens: Recommendations for Cities and CountiesBenBeckers
Community gardens are increasingly popular as residents seek locally grown food and a way to reduce their carbon footprint. The document recommends several policies cities and counties can adopt to support community gardens, including establishing permanent gardens on public land, providing long-term leases for land access, reducing taxes and fees for garden land, and funding community outreach to strengthen existing gardens. These policies would help gardens fulfill their role in improving neighborhoods, residents' health, and food security.
Statins and Greenspaces: Health and the Urban EnvironmentBenBeckers
This document summarizes a conference that discussed the health benefits of urban green spaces.
The conference included panels and presentations on topics such as the accessibility and safety of open spaces, the psychological and mental health benefits of nature, health inequalities in different parts of the world, and how plants and animals in open spaces relate to health.
Presenters found that while green spaces can provide mental health benefits, not all groups access them equally due to issues of lifestyle, values and feeling integrated. Quantitative data also may not capture realities of accessibility. International perspectives showed green spaces are essential in majority world contexts for growing food and reducing mortality versus passive recreation in Western contexts. Effectively communicating the health impacts of green spaces to policymakers requires
The Role of Community Gardens in Sustaining Healthy CommunitiesBenBeckers
Community gardens can play a significant role in improving physical and mental health in urban communities. The document discusses how factors like car dependency, pollution, and lack of access to fresh food have contributed to declining health in cities. It then describes a study of a community garden project in Sydney public housing that resulted in various health benefits for residents, such as opportunities for physical activity, socializing, learning new skills, and accessing low-cost fresh produce. The research confirms that community gardens enhance well-being and can help create healthier, more sustainable communities.
Using Healthy Eating and Active Living Initiatives to Reduce Health DisparitiesBenBeckers
This document discusses using healthy eating and active living initiatives to reduce health disparities. It identifies eight major national programs working on this issue and develops five strategic principles for making these initiatives effective at reducing disparities. Low-income communities and communities of color have higher rates of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, which are linked to obesity. Initiatives promoting healthy eating and physical activity can help prevent these diseases and thereby reduce health disparities. The document analyzes lessons from the eight programs to identify principles for successful initiatives, such as contributing to community health, building community networks, addressing access barriers, and acknowledging cultural strengths.
This document provides information about an online exam through WileyPLUS for an environmental science course. It gives instructions on how to access and complete the Week 1 exam, which covers chapters 1-3 in the course readings. It notes that work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward class attendance and instructs students to post twice a week in the online classroom to avoid being dropped from the course. The exam includes multiple choice questions testing comprehension of topics like environmental challenges, sustainability, environmental history and policy, and the scientific method.
Environmental racism final project powerpointwallflower92
This document is a summary of a course on media, technology, and culture. It discusses the concepts of environmental racism and how minority groups have been disproportionately affected. It provides examples of how systems in communities like the water system, food system, and prison system have been negatively impacted by environmental racism. The summary focuses on a case study of the Central Valley region in California where high levels of water contamination have been found in areas serving larger Latino populations. It also discusses the environmental justice movement which fights against the targeting of communities of color for environmentally hazardous facilities and land uses.
What Good is Community Greening - Community GardeningBenBeckers
The document discusses research that demonstrates the benefits of community greening and gardening. It describes how greening reduces stress, improves health outcomes, and fosters community development. However, community greeners often lack concrete data and facts to convince politicians and developers of greening's value. Recent research from diverse fields provides strong evidence of greening's social, economic, and health benefits, such as reduced crime, higher property values, and improved mental health. This research confirms that while nature may seem like a luxury, it is essential for healthy human and community development.
Supporting Community Gardens: Recommendations for Cities and CountiesBenBeckers
Community gardens are increasingly popular as residents seek locally grown food and a way to reduce their carbon footprint. The document recommends several policies cities and counties can adopt to support community gardens, including establishing permanent gardens on public land, providing long-term leases for land access, reducing taxes and fees for garden land, and funding community outreach to strengthen existing gardens. These policies would help gardens fulfill their role in improving neighborhoods, residents' health, and food security.
Statins and Greenspaces: Health and the Urban EnvironmentBenBeckers
This document summarizes a conference that discussed the health benefits of urban green spaces.
The conference included panels and presentations on topics such as the accessibility and safety of open spaces, the psychological and mental health benefits of nature, health inequalities in different parts of the world, and how plants and animals in open spaces relate to health.
Presenters found that while green spaces can provide mental health benefits, not all groups access them equally due to issues of lifestyle, values and feeling integrated. Quantitative data also may not capture realities of accessibility. International perspectives showed green spaces are essential in majority world contexts for growing food and reducing mortality versus passive recreation in Western contexts. Effectively communicating the health impacts of green spaces to policymakers requires
The Role of Community Gardens in Sustaining Healthy CommunitiesBenBeckers
Community gardens can play a significant role in improving physical and mental health in urban communities. The document discusses how factors like car dependency, pollution, and lack of access to fresh food have contributed to declining health in cities. It then describes a study of a community garden project in Sydney public housing that resulted in various health benefits for residents, such as opportunities for physical activity, socializing, learning new skills, and accessing low-cost fresh produce. The research confirms that community gardens enhance well-being and can help create healthier, more sustainable communities.
Using Healthy Eating and Active Living Initiatives to Reduce Health DisparitiesBenBeckers
This document discusses using healthy eating and active living initiatives to reduce health disparities. It identifies eight major national programs working on this issue and develops five strategic principles for making these initiatives effective at reducing disparities. Low-income communities and communities of color have higher rates of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, which are linked to obesity. Initiatives promoting healthy eating and physical activity can help prevent these diseases and thereby reduce health disparities. The document analyzes lessons from the eight programs to identify principles for successful initiatives, such as contributing to community health, building community networks, addressing access barriers, and acknowledging cultural strengths.
This document provides information about an online exam through WileyPLUS for an environmental science course. It gives instructions on how to access and complete the Week 1 exam, which covers chapters 1-3 in the course readings. It notes that work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward class attendance and instructs students to post twice a week in the online classroom to avoid being dropped from the course. The exam includes multiple choice questions testing comprehension of topics like environmental challenges, sustainability, environmental history and policy, and the scientific method.
Environmental racism final project powerpointwallflower92
This document is a summary of a course on media, technology, and culture. It discusses the concepts of environmental racism and how minority groups have been disproportionately affected. It provides examples of how systems in communities like the water system, food system, and prison system have been negatively impacted by environmental racism. The summary focuses on a case study of the Central Valley region in California where high levels of water contamination have been found in areas serving larger Latino populations. It also discusses the environmental justice movement which fights against the targeting of communities of color for environmentally hazardous facilities and land uses.
This document discusses ethics and biodiversity in Asia and the Pacific. It provides an overview of biodiversity, including definitions and components. It then examines various ethical approaches to the environment, such as anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, and deep ecology. It explores the value of biodiversity through categories like use value and non-use value. The document also presents a case study on environmental management and biodiversity in Cambodia's Tonlé Sap region. Finally, it analyzes governance of biodiversity through international law, national law, and policies to preserve biodiversity.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of all life forms including plants, animals, microorganisms and their genes and ecosystems. It is important for human sustenance, health, well-being and enjoyment of life. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change and overconsumption. The loss of biodiversity can reduce ecosystem services and genetic diversity, compromising food security. Australia is taking steps to preserve biodiversity through programs, reserves, and acts aimed at conservation and education.
Ecological sustainable development is defined as development that improves quality of life while maintaining ecological processes that support life. Key ways to achieve it include ecotourism, buying organic, land care programs, individual environmentally-friendly behaviors, and policies by non-government organizations. Ecotourism involves sustainable tourism that educates visitors and benefits local communities while respecting cultures and minimizing environmental impacts.
The document discusses ecosystems and biodiversity. It describes the hierarchy of ecological levels from species to biomes. The main ecosystems on Earth are then listed and described. Abiotic and biotic factors that influence ecosystems are defined. The document also discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains. Human impacts like pollution, climate change, and overuse of resources can disrupt nutrient cycles and harm biodiversity. Evolution occurs through natural selection and genetic variation as organisms adapt to environmental changes over many generations.
Choose your ecosystem and roles for your team members. You have until the end of class to decide. Get started on your research tonight! Let me know if you have any other questions as you work on your presentations. Good luck!
The document discusses biodiversity and the threats it faces. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. It notes that while scientists have identified over 1.4 million species, many more remain unknown. The document then discusses several threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction, overexploitation of resources, climate change, human overpopulation, pollution, and deforestation. It provides examples of how each of these threatens species and ecosystems. The document concludes by noting the impacts of biodiversity loss, such as increased species extinctions and ecological imbalances.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform. There are several types of biodiversity including genetic, species, ecological, and functional diversity. India is considered a megadiverse country, home to over 47,000 plant and 89,000 animal species. However, biodiversity is under threat from habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. The loss of biodiversity upsets ecosystem balance and reduces nature's benefits to humans, including food, fuel, medicine, and ecological services like waste degradation and climate regulation. Conservation of biodiversity through protected areas and sustainable practices is important to protect nature and humanity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including millions of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, species are currently going extinct at an alarming rate of around 1,500 every two months. The total economic value of biodiversity includes both use values, such as products directly consumed by humans, and non-use values, including existence and bequest values. While direct use values are easier to measure, the full value of biodiversity, including important indirect ecological services, is difficult to quantify and often not reflected in economic measures.
1. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of species in a given region. It takes into account both the number of species and how evenly abundant they are.
2. There are three main types of species: endemic, exotic, and cosmopolitan. Endemic species are restricted to a particular area while exotic species have been transported by humans.
3. Factors that affect species diversity include speciation, extinction, migration, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species. Speciation occurs through geographic isolation or reductions in gene flow. Extinction can be caused by overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss.
This document presents an overview of the value of biodiversity. It discusses several types of value: consumptive use value where local communities directly utilize species for needs like food and materials; productive use value where biotechnology and industry use genetic resources from biodiversity; social value where traditional societies preserved biodiversity as part of their livelihood and culture; ethical and moral values in protecting all life as most beliefs see all species as having a right to exist; aesthetic value in biodiversity's beauty and contribution to knowledge; and option value in keeping future possibilities open by preserving species and genetic diversity that may have future uses. The document emphasizes that biodiversity preservation is essential for environmental services, economic development, and humanity's long-term survival.
Gm os and social and ethical issues pptAdnya Desai
This document discusses GMOs and their social and ethical issues. It begins by defining genetic modified organisms and describing their uses, including for human gene therapy and producing transgenic plants. It then discusses social concerns about GMOs, including potential health risks to animals and humans from consuming GM foods, environmental risks, and issues around labeling and economics. Finally, it covers some ethical issues like biopiracy and ensuring compensation and benefit sharing between developed and developing nations regarding genetic resources and traditional knowledge.
This document provides an overview of different generations throughout history, grouping them into categories based on when they were born and describing their experiences at different life stages. It discusses the Arthurian generation that grew up during England's retreat from France and civil disorder, established stability under Henry VII, and secured their legacy. It also outlines the Humanist, Parliamentary, Elizabethan, Puritan, Cavalier, Glorious, and Liberty generations, noting what they experienced as children, young adults, and elders to define their contributions and impacts.
The document provides information about cosmetics usage in Nigeria. It notes that Islam has some influence in determining appropriate situations for cosmetics. Literacy rates are lower in Nigeria than developed countries, and most people live below the poverty line with a GDP per capita much lower than the United States. Cosmetics are considered more of a luxury purchase in Nigeria. The main retail outlets are traditional stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets. Younger, urban women between 22-50 years old make up the main target market for cosmetics.
The document provides instructions for performing the Tarantella dance from Italy. It describes the traditional costumes worn, which include skirts and ribbons for girls and breeches and stockings for boys. The dance involves various figures and steps performed to music in 3 parts, including hopping, pivoting, sliding steps and skipping around partners while shaking tambourines. Partners face and turn away from each other during the dance.
The Irish fiddle can be played as a solo instrument, as part of a band, or to accompany Irish dancers. It has four strings that are bowed to produce music. The fiddle is an important part of Irish culture and tradition.
Is it in Us - Chemical Contamination in Our Bodies v2zq
Is it in Us - Chemical Contamination in Our Bodies - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Anthropogenic evolution, externalities, and public healthCarl Bergstrom
Slides from a departmental seminar in UCLA's department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, January 6th 2016.
The seminar was videotaped and should be available shortly online.
This document discusses ethics and biodiversity in Asia and the Pacific. It provides an overview of biodiversity, including definitions and components. It then examines various ethical approaches to the environment, such as anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, and deep ecology. It explores the value of biodiversity through categories like use value and non-use value. The document also presents a case study on environmental management and biodiversity in Cambodia's Tonlé Sap region. Finally, it analyzes governance of biodiversity through international law, national law, and policies to preserve biodiversity.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of all life forms including plants, animals, microorganisms and their genes and ecosystems. It is important for human sustenance, health, well-being and enjoyment of life. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change and overconsumption. The loss of biodiversity can reduce ecosystem services and genetic diversity, compromising food security. Australia is taking steps to preserve biodiversity through programs, reserves, and acts aimed at conservation and education.
Ecological sustainable development is defined as development that improves quality of life while maintaining ecological processes that support life. Key ways to achieve it include ecotourism, buying organic, land care programs, individual environmentally-friendly behaviors, and policies by non-government organizations. Ecotourism involves sustainable tourism that educates visitors and benefits local communities while respecting cultures and minimizing environmental impacts.
The document discusses ecosystems and biodiversity. It describes the hierarchy of ecological levels from species to biomes. The main ecosystems on Earth are then listed and described. Abiotic and biotic factors that influence ecosystems are defined. The document also discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains. Human impacts like pollution, climate change, and overuse of resources can disrupt nutrient cycles and harm biodiversity. Evolution occurs through natural selection and genetic variation as organisms adapt to environmental changes over many generations.
Choose your ecosystem and roles for your team members. You have until the end of class to decide. Get started on your research tonight! Let me know if you have any other questions as you work on your presentations. Good luck!
The document discusses biodiversity and the threats it faces. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems. It notes that while scientists have identified over 1.4 million species, many more remain unknown. The document then discusses several threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction, overexploitation of resources, climate change, human overpopulation, pollution, and deforestation. It provides examples of how each of these threatens species and ecosystems. The document concludes by noting the impacts of biodiversity loss, such as increased species extinctions and ecological imbalances.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform. There are several types of biodiversity including genetic, species, ecological, and functional diversity. India is considered a megadiverse country, home to over 47,000 plant and 89,000 animal species. However, biodiversity is under threat from habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. The loss of biodiversity upsets ecosystem balance and reduces nature's benefits to humans, including food, fuel, medicine, and ecological services like waste degradation and climate regulation. Conservation of biodiversity through protected areas and sustainable practices is important to protect nature and humanity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including millions of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, species are currently going extinct at an alarming rate of around 1,500 every two months. The total economic value of biodiversity includes both use values, such as products directly consumed by humans, and non-use values, including existence and bequest values. While direct use values are easier to measure, the full value of biodiversity, including important indirect ecological services, is difficult to quantify and often not reflected in economic measures.
1. Species diversity refers to the number and variety of species in a given region. It takes into account both the number of species and how evenly abundant they are.
2. There are three main types of species: endemic, exotic, and cosmopolitan. Endemic species are restricted to a particular area while exotic species have been transported by humans.
3. Factors that affect species diversity include speciation, extinction, migration, habitat destruction, and the introduction of invasive species. Speciation occurs through geographic isolation or reductions in gene flow. Extinction can be caused by overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss.
This document presents an overview of the value of biodiversity. It discusses several types of value: consumptive use value where local communities directly utilize species for needs like food and materials; productive use value where biotechnology and industry use genetic resources from biodiversity; social value where traditional societies preserved biodiversity as part of their livelihood and culture; ethical and moral values in protecting all life as most beliefs see all species as having a right to exist; aesthetic value in biodiversity's beauty and contribution to knowledge; and option value in keeping future possibilities open by preserving species and genetic diversity that may have future uses. The document emphasizes that biodiversity preservation is essential for environmental services, economic development, and humanity's long-term survival.
Gm os and social and ethical issues pptAdnya Desai
This document discusses GMOs and their social and ethical issues. It begins by defining genetic modified organisms and describing their uses, including for human gene therapy and producing transgenic plants. It then discusses social concerns about GMOs, including potential health risks to animals and humans from consuming GM foods, environmental risks, and issues around labeling and economics. Finally, it covers some ethical issues like biopiracy and ensuring compensation and benefit sharing between developed and developing nations regarding genetic resources and traditional knowledge.
This document provides an overview of different generations throughout history, grouping them into categories based on when they were born and describing their experiences at different life stages. It discusses the Arthurian generation that grew up during England's retreat from France and civil disorder, established stability under Henry VII, and secured their legacy. It also outlines the Humanist, Parliamentary, Elizabethan, Puritan, Cavalier, Glorious, and Liberty generations, noting what they experienced as children, young adults, and elders to define their contributions and impacts.
The document provides information about cosmetics usage in Nigeria. It notes that Islam has some influence in determining appropriate situations for cosmetics. Literacy rates are lower in Nigeria than developed countries, and most people live below the poverty line with a GDP per capita much lower than the United States. Cosmetics are considered more of a luxury purchase in Nigeria. The main retail outlets are traditional stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets. Younger, urban women between 22-50 years old make up the main target market for cosmetics.
The document provides instructions for performing the Tarantella dance from Italy. It describes the traditional costumes worn, which include skirts and ribbons for girls and breeches and stockings for boys. The dance involves various figures and steps performed to music in 3 parts, including hopping, pivoting, sliding steps and skipping around partners while shaking tambourines. Partners face and turn away from each other during the dance.
The Irish fiddle can be played as a solo instrument, as part of a band, or to accompany Irish dancers. It has four strings that are bowed to produce music. The fiddle is an important part of Irish culture and tradition.
Is it in Us - Chemical Contamination in Our Bodies v2zq
Is it in Us - Chemical Contamination in Our Bodies - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Anthropogenic evolution, externalities, and public healthCarl Bergstrom
Slides from a departmental seminar in UCLA's department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, January 6th 2016.
The seminar was videotaped and should be available shortly online.
Dr. Lonnie King - Keynote - One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance a...John Blue
Keynote - One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance and Use - Dr. Lonnie King, Dean, The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, from the 2012 NIAA One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Symposium, October 26-27, 2012, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at:
http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-one-health-to-approach-antimicrobial-resistance-and-use
Chapter 17 science , the environment and societyRay Brannon
This document discusses the interactions between science and society in three paragraphs:
1) It examines how social factors like funding, policies, and competition can influence what research is pursued, despite the ideal that science follows objective evidence.
2) It explores the concept of "boundary work" where scientists debate the legitimacy of certain theories, like discussions around evolution versus creationism.
3) It discusses how the prestige of researchers can impact which studies gain more attention through the "Matthew effect", and how scientific facts are socially constructed through debate and disagreements between scientists.
Overpopulation is rising at an unsustainable rate of 1 billion people per year and is negatively impacting natural resources and the environment. It causes issues like food and water shortages, health problems, and conflicts between countries. Some solutions proposed include increasing access to contraceptives through education and affordable options, as well as promoting adoption. However, solutions face challenges from religious beliefs and lack of awareness. The best approach would be a globally implemented plan to raise awareness about overpopulation and provide family planning resources to help lower birth rates worldwide.
This document discusses several perspectives on the ethical use of animals in research. It notes that while animal research has benefits for improving human and animal health, it also causes pain and distress that should be minimized. The document advocates applying the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement to minimize animal use and suffering. It acknowledges there are reasonable positions on both sides of this issue and calls for intellectual discussion to challenge misrepresentations while continuing to enhance standards of care and accountability in animal research.
The document discusses environmental ethics and how humans have fundamentally shifted their relationship with nature through industrialization. While humanity can now shape nature, unexpected consequences have emerged like global warming from attempting to dominate the environment. This has generated the field of environmental ethics to study the human-environment relationship and provide advice on how to live sustainably. The central debate is how humans should relate to nature and different views propose prioritizing either planetary health or human interests.
This document provides sample exam questions from an ENV 100T Week 1 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam. The exam covers chapters 1-3 of the textbook and assesses students' understanding of concepts like sustainability, environmental history and policy, population growth and consumption, and the scientific method. Sample multiple choice questions test definitions, relationships between concepts, and applying concepts to hypothetical scenarios.
This document provides information about the ENV 100T Week 1 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam for a university environmental science course. It recommends students complete the weekly Learning Path and Self-Test activities before taking the online exam, which covers chapters 1-3 in the textbook. The exam is accessed through the Assignments link in WileyPLUS. While exam submissions do not count toward class attendance, students must post twice weekly in the online classroom to avoid being dropped from the course. The document provides a sample of exam questions and answers.
ENV 100 PAPER Educational Specialist--env100paper.comagathachristie154
This document provides information about the ENV 100T Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam, including that it covers content from assigned readings on ecosystems, evolution, and human population change. It provides 25 multiple choice questions from the exam, covering topics like biogeochemical cycles, landscape ecology, population ecology, and the demographic transition. The questions assess understanding of concepts like trophic levels, ecological niches, population growth rates, and the relationship between education and fertility rates.
The author learned a lot about their self concept, attitudes, and feelings by taking this psychology course. They discovered that they are a creative and compassionate person who enjoys activities that use their imagination. The author also realized they are a good listener, which helps them be understanding and supportive of others. Taking this course provided insight into social influence, relationships, and how the author views and describes themselves.
The document discusses several ethical issues related to genetic modification of animals including:
1) Safety and health risks for animals and humans from long-term effects and environmental impacts.
2) Questions of who benefits from the technology and whether it is distributed justly.
3) Potential harms to animal welfare from techniques like cloning that have low success rates and risks of health problems.
4) Concerns about impacts on the environment if modified animals escape and their genes spread widely.
5) Need for public understanding and involvement in decisions around applying new biotechnologies.
This document provides information on two topics - healthcare and bioethics - for an assignment. It includes links to multiple videos on each topic. For healthcare, the videos discuss issues like the high costs of healthcare in the US compared to other nations, and the divide in access and quality between rich and poor hospitals. For bioethics, the videos explore topics such as gene editing technologies, growing organs in a lab, and ethical issues around designer babies and DIY biohacking using CRISPR. The document instructs that two videos must be watched on one topic and an essay reflecting on the issues and viewpoints presented in the videos must be written.
1. Humans face health risks from infectious diseases, chemical exposures, and lifestyle choices. Synthetic chemicals like BPA can disrupt the endocrine system.
2. The document discusses the controversy around BPA in baby bottles and food containers. While scientists study long term low-level effects of chemicals, over 90% of Americans test positive for BPA.
3. Protecting public health requires understanding pathways of disease transmission, estimating chemical exposures, and reducing risks from poverty, gender inequality, and lifestyle factors.
This document provides an introduction to global health. It defines global health as health problems that transcend national boundaries and require international cooperation. Key topics discussed include the link between water, sanitation, and health; the environmental, social, economic, and political factors influencing diseases like cholera; and the disciplines involved in global health like social sciences, economics, and environmental sciences. The document also examines determinants of health, measures of health status, the global burden of disease, and how health patterns differ in resource-poor and resource-rich countries.
This document provides an overview of environmental science as an interdisciplinary field that studies human interactions with other organisms and the abiotic environment. It discusses key concepts like ecosystems, population dynamics, pollution, and resource management. It introduces the scientific method as an approach using experiments, hypotheses, and peer review. It also briefly outlines topics that will be covered in the course, including major ecosystems, natural succession, carrying capacity, and conservation. The document emphasizes that environmental science draws on many disciplines and seeks to understand complex natural systems and solve environmental problems.
From the event "Synthetic Biology: Science, Policy, and Ethics."
Sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School.
For more information, visit our website at http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/synthetic-biology.
Parks and Other Green Environments: Essential Components of a Healthy Human Habitat
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Similar to Biodiveristy, Ethics, and Human Health (20)
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Biodiveristy, Ethics, and Human Health
1. Biodiversity, Ethics, and Human
Health
Matthew A. Butkus, PhD
McNeese State University
April 24, 2009
2. Overview
The human brain is a wonderful thing. It
g
starts working from the moment you are
born and never stops until you stand up
p y p
to speak in public.
-Sir George Jessel
3. Overview
Basic assumptions
Ethical basis for obligations to future people
Current biodiversity loss
y
Current medication development
Biodiversity loss impacts antimicrobial
medications
Biodiversity loss impacts anticancer
medications
Ethical and Policy Implications
5. Basic assumptions
Environmental ethics is ideologically diverse
◦ Should we conserve species or ecosystems?
◦ Is there a single principle that trumps others?
◦ Should we be more concerned about pragmatic
solutions than ethical principles?
◦ Does nature have value in itself, or does it have
value because it is useful to us?
6. Basic assumptions
My warrants
◦ Nature has intrinsic worth, but human-centered
approaches will likely be more effective
◦ Assumptions about the audience
Some have genuine interest
Some are apathetic
Some care more about health than the environment
Some are skeptical about the impact of biodiversity loss
8. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Much of contemporary ethics involves
contemporaneous agents
Several important questions to ask
◦ How can we have obligations to non-existent
people?
◦ How do we know what their values and needs
will be?
◦ How can we compare their values and needs
with real, existent people?
◦ Why should we care about posterity?
9. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #1: The Argument from
j g
Ignorance
◦ We do not know whether there will be
anyone actually existing in the future or what
their needs might be.
◦ Past attempts to project into the future
produced wildly inaccurate pictures
10. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #1: The Argument from Ignorance
◦ Response: While some concerns may be
mysterious, others are considerably less so.
y y
We have maintained a generally constant interdependent
relationship with other organisms
We have maintained a generally constant vulnerability to
disease and infection
We have maintained a generally constant set of
biological
bi l i l needsd
We do hold people responsible for their past actions,
which allows us to extend responsibility for current
actions into the future
11. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #2: Disappearing beneficiaries
j pp g
◦ The people who exist in the future are
pp
directly dependent upon the choices we make
◦ We can’t be said to “harm” people
considering that they would not exist were it
not for our choices
12. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #2: Disappearing beneficiaries
◦ Response: First, rights transcend particular
people
l
The existence of concepts like justice and rights are
not dependent upon the existence of any particular
person
It does not matter which people will exist simply
exist,
that people will exist
This makes us liable for rights violations against
future people
13. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #2: Disappearing beneficiaries
j pp g
◦ Response: Second, comparison of types of life
p , p yp
make particular people irrelevant
Objectively, lives of happiness are better than lives
of suffering
We are wrong to place future people into
conditions of suffering when we could put them in
situations of sufficiency or abundance
14. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #3: The argument from
j g
temporal location
◦ We cannot know if or what harms may result
far in the future
15. Is there an obligation to future
generations?
Objection #3: The argument from
j g
temporal location
◦ Response: It does not follow that this negates
responsibility for action
There is more to moral agency and responsibility
than i
h intentions
i
Known risks do not excuse liability
16. Overall trends
It seems reasonable to suspect that future people
will have the same basic needs, basic rights claims
needs claims,
and the same ability to suffer
Actions that cause harm along these lines to
current people can cause harm to future people
We act unethically when we intentionally cause
these harms
Human disease offers a clear model of benefits
and harms
18. Current destruction of diverse
ecosystems
Estimates vary on the rate of destruction
Broadly speaking, major taxonomic losses
are increasing (International Union for the
Conservation of Nature statistics)
19. Current destruction of diverse
ecosystems
Human population is currently increasing (U S Census Bureau)
(U.S.
◦ Global population currently over 6.7 billion
◦ Increasing strain on limited resources (population outstripping
production with finite supplies)
◦ Population densities increasing in major urban areas
◦ Suburban sprawl increasing the overall land area of population centers
◦ Greater incursion into ecologically diverse areas (producing ‘hotspots’ –
Conservation International)
20. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Common k
C knowledge examples (Rishton
ld l (R h
2008)
◦ Digoxin from foxglove in 1785
◦ Morphine from poppies in 1806
◦ Aspirin from salicylic acid in willow bark in 1897
◦ Penicillin from mold in 1928
22. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Current World Health Organization list of 300 “Fundamental
Fundamental
Medicines” (Jones, Chin, and Kinghorn 2006)
◦ 44 are unmodified natural products
◦ 25 are semi-synthetic derivatives
◦ 70 based on/mimic natural products
◦ Natural advantages: great diversity, biologically selected, excellent
gg y, g y ,
source of novel compounds, offer insight into cellular
mechanisms, can guide drug design (Knight et al. 2003)
23. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Food d Drug Ad
F d and D Administration
◦ Between 1981-2002 1051 new chemical entities
1981-2002,
approved for testing
◦ 685 b d on natural products (NPs, semi-
based l d (NP i
synthetics, derivatives, vaccines, peptides, and
proteins)
◦ Evolutionary pressures favor natural product
research and development
p
24. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Currently used popular
medications derived from natural
products (Grifo et al. 1997)
◦ Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
◦ Lisinopril (Zestril)
◦ Digoxin
◦ Famotidine (Pepcid)
◦ Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
◦ Atenolol (Tenormin)
(Augmentin)
◦ Cephalexin
p
◦ Albuterol
◦ Codeine
◦ Medroxyprogesterone acetate
◦
(Provera) Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
◦ Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) ◦ Erythromycin
◦ Ciproflaxin (Cipro) ◦ Hydrocodone & APAP (Vicodin)
◦ Warfarin Na (Coumadin) ◦ Prednisone
◦ MPH human insulin (Humulin N) ◦ Oxycodone
25. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Chemical differences between natural products and
synthetics (Koehn and Carter 2005)
◦ Greater number of chiral centers in natural products
◦ Generally more oxygen atoms in natural products (more
nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens in synthetics)
◦ Lower ratio of aromatic ring atoms to total heavy atoms
◦ More solvated hydrogen bond donors and acceptors
◦ Greater molecular rigidity
◦ These differences produce great compound diversity, activity, and
the potential f more bi l i ll validated l d compounds
h i l for biologically lid d lead d
◦ Historical production involved cooperation between medicinal
chemistry and cultural anthropology
26. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
Natural product research no longer the emphasis
in current chemical research (5 sources)
◦ Initial difficulties in production incompatible with
market pressures for efficiency and competition
◦ Less emphasis on antimicrobials and more emphasis
on lifestyle medications
y
◦ Impurities in natural samples undermined ease of
analysis
li
27. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
◦ Combinatorial chemistry
Traditional approach slow and low yield: A + B AB
Combinatorial approach rapid and yields much more
diversity: {A} + {B} {AB}
Computer modeling assists combinatorial methods
◦ High-throughput screening
Rapid screening of a large volume of compounds against
a particular biological target
Produces high volumes of hits that may yield future
medications
28. Current medications and derivation
from natural sources
◦ In principle, combining combinatorial
chemistry and high-throughput screening
should yield major breakthroughs and novel
classes of medications
◦ Empirically, this theorized delivery has not
occurred, producing calls for a return to
d di ll f
natural product bases (5 sources)
30. Biodiversity impacts drug resistance
in infectious agents
Infection a recurring issue in human history
◦ Black Death in Europe (bubonic, pneumonic, and
septicemic)
◦ Battlefield injuries as vectors for infection
◦ Germ theory and modern infection control have
helped to dd
h l d t address thi
this
31. Biodiversity impacts drug resistance
in infectious agents
Significant concern in contemporary
Sf
medicine is the resurgence of medication-
resistant infectious disease (9 sources)
◦ Antibiotics becoming less and less effective as
microbial resistance evolves (Barker 2006)
Mutations in the target drug site
Modifications in cell permeability
Mutagenesis of porins
M f
Up-regulation of efflux pumps
Inactivation of drugs by enzymatic degradation
32. Biodiversity impacts drug resistance
in infectious agents
◦ Hospitals major sources of bacterial infections -
nosocomial infections (Bonten, Willems, and Weinstein
2001; Rice 2001; Appelbaum 2006)
VRE
MRSA/VRSA
C. Diff
Hospital infections account for nearly 80 000 deaths per year
80,000
(Jones 2001)
Hospital infections now occurring in community settings (Wijaya,
Hsu,
Hsu and Kurup 2006; McKinnon 2007)
33. Biodiversity impacts drug resistance
in infectious agents
◦ Drug-resistant tuberculosis is now emerging in
more virulent forms (Ducati et al. 2006)
1 in 3 people on Earth is infected with tubercle bacilli
Responsible f 8-10 million new cases and 3 million
R bl for 8 10 ll d ll
deaths per year
As transportation infrastructure improves, this is
becoming a global problem (Sharma and Mohan 2006;
Ernst, Trevejo-Nuñez, and Banaiee 2007; Wells et al.
2007)
34. Biodiversity impacts drug resistance
in infectious agents
Natural products aid antimicrobial drug development
◦ Targetting RNA replication
◦ Cell wall biosynthesis
◦ Metabolic pathways
◦ Cellular division
◦ Virulence factors
◦ Ribosomal sites of protein synthesis and modification
p y
36. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
Cancer has an enormous impact on human health
(Tan et al. 2006)
◦ Globally, 11 million new cases and 7 million deaths
annually
◦ 25 million people living with the disease at any given
time
◦ In the United States, 1 in 4 deaths is due to some
form of cancer, accounting for 500,000 deaths
annually
y
37. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
Natural product research has been key in
the understanding of the cellular division
g
process (Cragg and Newman 2001)
NP’s have offered insight into pathway
aberrations in malignant cell growth
growth,
providing avenues of research (5 sources)
38. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
New avenues of research are emerging, with
several biological compound types showing
promise
◦ Turpenes (Modzelewska et al. 2005)
◦ Microtubule inhibitors (Altmann and Gertsch
2007)
◦C
Cyanobacteria d i ti
b t i derivatives (Tan 2007)
(T
39. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
◦ Turpenes (Modzelewska et al. 2005)
30,000+ terpenoids have been identified
Sesquiturpenes (conjugated 15C chains) involved as
part of plant interactions with insects and
pathogens
Found to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and
cytotoxic effects
40. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
◦ Microtubule inhibitors (Altmann and Gertsch
2007)
Microtubules critical in cell membranes, organelle
and vesicle transport, and cellular division
transport
Taxol increases microtubule polymerization,
inducing cellular apoptosis
Many novel cytotoxic compounds have been
identified of varying efficacy
41. Biodiversity impacts research on
cell pathways and anti-cancer
anti-
medications
◦ Cyanobacteria derivatives (Tan 2007)
100+ marine alkaloids have been identified and are
being explored
Additional research occurring in hectochlorins
hectochlorins,
lyngbyabellins, apratoxins, and aurilides
43. Ethical and policy implications
Preserve existent biodiversity
◦ Failure to preserve biodiversity generates future
health problems
◦ Empirical basis: Global Seed Vault established by
p ca bas s: G oba S au t stab s
NORDGEN (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway,
and Sweden) at Svalbard
◦ Goal is to minimize loss; complete avoidance of
biodiversity loss is unlikely
y y
44. Ethical and policy implications
Develop economic and agriculture
alternatives to development in ecosystem
‘hospots’
◦ Use market forces to incentivize
environmental responsibility and biodiversity
maintenance
◦ Aid programs to reduce incentive to develop
diverse areas for agriculture
45. Ethical and policy implications
Revision of chemical research techniques
and economic incentives
◦ Improve efficiency of natural product research
Screening processes already more efficient
Manipulate biosynthetic pathways
Use NP’s as the building blocks of other molecules
Use NP fragments for recombination
fra ments f r rec mbinati n
Complete synthesis of NP analogues
Use NP scaffolds to develop new chemical entities
Develop NP libraries
46. Ethical and policy implications
Revision f h i l
R i i of chemical research t h i
h techniques
and economic incentives
◦ Use market forces to increase incentives to
develop natural products
Tax incentives
Extension of drug patents
Regulation to protect intellectual property and research
regions
Incentives to explore biologically active leads
State and federal assistance in refitting laboratories and
databases
47. The last conclusion we would like to draw is
that mother nature, whether you conceive
of her as the process of evolution or with
religious or pagan conviction, is a far better
conviction better,
more ingenious chemist (and many other
things as well) than we will ever be. So until
g )
we can know which bits of nature hold
which information, we are playing roulette
each time a species goes extinct.
hi i i
- G if et al. 1997
Grifo l
48.
49. References
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(http://www.conservation.org); more information can be found at
http://www.conservation.org/explore/priority_areas/hotspots/pages/hotspots_main.aspx (accessed
April 22, 2009).
22 2009)
International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Major taxonomy species losses by year are
summarized at http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/2008RL_stats_table_2_v1223294385.pdf
(Accessed April 4th, 2009). Current data on endangered and at risk species can be found at the
International Union for the Conservation of Nature at http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/stats
(accessed April 22, 2009).
United States Census Bureau. Global census data are according to the United States Census Bureau.
The population estimates can be accessed at http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html
(
(Accessed April 22, 2009).
p )