The document discusses the theory of behaviorism in psychology. It describes the work of pioneering behaviorists Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. Pavlov studied classical conditioning, Skinner researched operant conditioning using positive reinforcement, and Bandura contributed the concept of observational learning. The key implications for teachers are to use modeling, reinforcement of desired behaviors, and punishment of undesired behaviors to shape student learning according to behaviorist principles.

1. Behaviorism
By Faith, Jessica, Nichole, Jonathan and Shantique

2. Key Points
• Behaviorism is the prediction and control of
human behavior.
• Independent thought is not integrated into
teaching methods.
• Learning is based on a system of positive and
negative rewards.
• The learner is essentially passive.

3. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
• He taught dogs to emulate desired behaviors, and
later applied his methods to human subjects.
• He achieved a desired reflex by providing a
stimulus. This is now known as classic
conditioning.
• The reflex is an involuntary response.
• Other behaviorist scientists studied his methods
after his death.

4. Ivan Pavlov cont.

5. B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
• He employed operant conditioning, which is a
controlled method of shaping behavior through the
reinforcement of stimulus-response patterns.
• He believed that people shape their behavior
based on the positive rewards they receive.
• The new behavior is a voluntary response.
• He believed that human language is naturally
taught to children by their parents through reward-
based operant conditioning.

6. B. F. Skinner cont.

7. Albert Bandura (1925-
present)
• He believes that people learn behaviors by
imitating others. This is known as observational
modeling.
• He focuses on self-regulatory mechanisms that
contribute to new behaviors, rather than external
factors. His ideas are collectively known as Social
Cognitive Theory.
• He strives to use self-efficacy to its full effect.
Self-efficacy is the perceived ability to motivate
oneself to think and learn.

8. Albert Bandura cont.

9. Teacher Implications
• Teachers should first gain their students’ attention.
• Teachers should employ observational modeling
by showing students what to do.
• Teachers should reward students for emulating a
desired behavior and punish students for failing to
emulate a desired behavior.

10. Student Implications
• Students should pay attention. Factors such as
sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set and
past reinforcement affect attention.
• Students should retain information. Retention is
increased through mental images, cognitive
organization, symbolic rehearsal and motor rehearsal.
• Students should emulate the desired behavior after
observing the teacher’s example.
• Students should be motivated to imitate the desired
behavior. Motivation is increased by imagining
incentives and remembering the reinforced model.

11. What Do We Think???
• Behaviorism isn’t always the control of students behavior.
• As a teacher one should implement educational games that
teaches students to reflect positive behaviorism in order to receive
an reward that doesn’t always have to be physical, but a mental
feeling of self-fulfillment.
• Teachers should be a role model as well as mentor to their
students . By doing so, students will apply the positive energy
given from their teachers into their everyday tasks.
• Behaviorism is essentially an important factor to analyze while
teaching students, because you can find things about certain
students that can help you eliminate negative behaviors, and
replace them achieve self-efficacy.

12. Image Sources + Works
Cited
• http://www.businessinsider.com/leap-year-history-
february-29-2012-2?op=1
• http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-
161287/BF-Skinner-in-1971
• http://www.davidsonfilms.com/index.php?main_pa
ge=products_all&disp_order=2&page=6
• http://www.learning-theories.com/behaviorism.html