Behavior of Waves.ppt
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Waves can interact with matter in several ways: Reflection occurs when a wave bounces off a surface it cannot pass through. Refraction is when a wave bends as it passes from one medium into another at an angle, occurring because the wave slows down on one side compared to the other. Diffraction is the bending of a wave as it travels around or through an opening, with larger wavelengths diffracting more through smaller openings. Polarization occurs when unpolarized light is turned into polarized light that travels in one direction only, such as when light reflects off a flat surface. Scattering redirects light as it passes through a medium, causing the sky to appear blue and sunsets orange/red due to scattering
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How light travel
Light can travel via reflection, refraction, diffraction, and dispersion. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle it hits. Refraction is when light changes direction passing between mediums, like bending when entering water. Diffraction causes waves to bend around obstacles, explaining phenomena like double slits. Dispersion splits white light into a rainbow spectrum through refraction in prisms.
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Light is electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves. It has properties of both waves and particles. Light waves have different wavelengths and frequencies that determine their energy levels. Light can be reflected, refracted, absorbed, or transmitted when it interacts with matter. Common light sources produce light through incandescence or luminescence. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays and more, arranged by wavelength and frequency.
wave optices.pptx for grade 12 american
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1.properties of light and it's interaction with matter
Light is a form of energy that travels as waves, with its wavelength determining properties like color. Matter interacts with light through reflection, refraction, and absorption. Transparent materials like glass transmit light, translucent materials like frosted glass scatter but transmit some light, and opaque materials like wood reflect or absorb light and transmit none. The color we see of an object depends on which wavelengths of light it reflects or absorbs.
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This document discusses several key concepts about light:
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Light is a form of energy that travels as waves, with its wavelength determining properties like color. Matter interacts with light through reflection, refraction, and absorption. Transparent materials like glass transmit light, translucent materials like frosted glass scatter but transmit some light, and opaque materials like wood reflect or absorb light and transmit none. The color we see of an object depends on which wavelengths of light it reflects or absorbs.
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Light is an electromagnetic wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through space. It exhibits properties such as traveling in straight lines, carrying energy, and being visible. Light can be reflected, refracted, undergo interference and diffraction, and become polarized. Sources of light emit light waves, while objects that do not emit light themselves are considered dark. Light sources can be natural like the sun or artificial like light bulbs. Light rays travel in straight lines from a source and can be reflected, absorbed, or pass through translucent and transparent objects. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Shadows are formed when light rays are blocked from reaching an area.
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2) It provides examples of transverse wave propagation using a Slinky toy and explains concepts like constructive and destructive interference that result from the superposition of multiple waves.
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Light refracts when passing from one medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a less dense to a more dense medium, it bends toward the normal, and when traveling from more dense to less dense, it bends away from the normal. The refractive index is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in a particular medium, and is represented by the Greek letter μ. Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
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The document discusses several key properties of light, including:
- Reflection - Light bounces off surfaces at the same angle it hits.
- Refraction - Light bends as it passes from one medium to another, changing speed. The degree of bending depends on the medium's index of refraction.
- Interference - When two light waves meet, they can constructively or destructively interfere based on how their crests and troughs align.
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2. When light enters a medium, it may interact with electrons which can absorb and re-radiate the light, decreasing its average speed. Absorption can cause heat or fluorescence.
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Light is an electromagnetic wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through space. It exhibits properties such as traveling in straight lines, carrying energy, and being visible. Light can be reflected, refracted, undergo interference and diffraction, and become polarized. Sources of light emit light waves, while objects that do not emit light themselves are considered dark. Light sources can be natural like the sun or artificial like light bulbs. Light rays travel in straight lines from a source and can be reflected, absorbed, or pass through translucent and transparent objects. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Shadows are formed when light rays are blocked from reaching an area.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
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K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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Behavior of Waves.ppt
- 2. Interactions of Light When a wave strikes a new medium, it can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, polarized, or scattered. Reflection. Occurs when a wave bounces off a surface it can’t pass through. Does not change the speed or frequency of the wave, but it can be flipped upside down.
- 3. Refraction Bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium into another. Occurs because one side of the wave slows down compared to the other.
- 4. Diffraction Bending of a wave as it travels around an object or through a barrier. The amount the wave diffracts depends on its wavelength. Large wavelength + small opening = large diffraction. Small wavelength + large opening = small diffraction.
- 5. Polarization Light travels out in all directions from a source. Polarized light only travels in ONE direction (plane). Unpolarized light can be turned into polarized light using a polarizing filter. A polarizing filter blocks waves in certain directions and makes the light travel in just one direction. Light reflecting from a nonmetallic flat surface, like a window or the surface of a lake, can become polarized. When the light hits a horizontal surface it reflects the horizontal waves more than the rest of the waves, causing a glare. Polarized sunglasses have vertically polarized filters to block the horizontally polarized light.
- 7. Scattering Scattering means that light is redirected as it passes through a medium. Small particles in the air scatter the short wavelength waves much more than long wavelengths, so to us the sky appears blue, even though air is colorless. Sunsets appear orange and red because as the sun sets, there is more atmosphere for the light to pass through which causes more scattering. The longer wavelengths of yellow, green, blue, and violet are scattered most, leaving only red and orange.