Before The Flood

Before The Flood
Before the Flood Film Analysis Fisher Stevens exposes the catastrophic effects of climate change and the imperative need to take action to halt its rapid
progression through the 2016 documentary Before the Flood. In the film, the narrator, Leonardo DiCaprio, travels around the world to unveil the
devastating global impact of rising temperatures, interviewing experts, advocates, and notable figures along the way. DiCaprio demonstrates the
significance of climate change on a global scale through the varying perspectives and individual impact in both developed and developing countries.
Included in these views are the culprits of the problem, such as leading oil corporations, that deny the existence of climate change to protect the integrity
...show more content...
During this interview, Obama expresses great concern with the global issue and argues that the science behind it is "indisputable." Obama explains that
even if the sentimental loss created by the destruction of our earth isn't enough for people to acknowledge importance of this issue, they must express
concern with the national security implications and the survival of our current world order threatened by climate change. Throughout the interview,
Obama emphasizes our need to take action now. Because the president of the United States is a highly respected and influential figure, this scene
establishes substantial credibility or ethos in the film. Not only is Barrack Obama highly regarded because of his presidential position, but he has
recently expressed concern in the issue of climate change with his involvement in the Paris Agreement, a plan designed to mitigate greenhouse gas
emissions and deter global warming. The audience is likely to trust the opinion of someone who proves he is well–informed and involved in the issue.
Barrack Obama's appearance and support in the film serves Stevens purpose because it encourages the audience to more willingly trust the information
in the documentary and acknowledge the significance of climate change. It is extremely difficult to disregard the issue of climate change when the
president of the United States is arguing that its existence is "indisputable" and demands that citizens take action
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Flooding And Climate Change
Introduction
Flooding is an extreme climatic event that generates devastation and economic losses all around the world. The extreme climatic events are increasing
more severe and frequent due to the climate change. The climate change is a global scale, the mean annual surface temperature has increased over the
past century by 0.6В°C (IPCC, 2007).Climate models and theoretical arguments further indicate that extreme precipitation events will continue to
increase with rises in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations (Min et al., 2011). Climate change will have significant impacts on precipitation patterns,
overall increase in annual average temperature, increase precipitation of frequency, magnitude, precipitation amounts, severe events and flooding risk.
The frequency, magnitude and severity of flooding are also increasing in many parts of the world associated with climate change, population pressure
and urbanization (Hirabayashi et al., 2013., Jongman et al., 2014). These increases in the frequency and severity of extreme precipitation, impact of
climate change associated damages and losses from flooding, is also likely to increase in the 21st century and beyond (Allamano et al., 2009; Pallet
al., 2011).
Climate change, result the global population at flooding risk expected to rise with temperature (Hirabayashi and Kanae, 2009). Risk is a chance of
loss property, damage economic activity due to a particular extreme event for a given area and period. Analyzed that risk is a statistical concept and
probability refer to a negative event or condition which affect people, infrastructure and the environment (Smith and Petley, 2009). Flooding risk is
made up of the probability of flooding hazard the extreme events loses and damage, the exposure to that hazard, and vulnerability. Hazards indicate
the probability and extent of flooding and vulnerabilities describe the potential adverse effects caused by exposure of susceptible areas to flooding
(European Commission, 2007; FLOODsite, 2009). The exposure to that hazard number of population and accumulation of assets are at flooding risk,
the population development and accumulation of assets the effects of climate change can lead to an increase in flood risks

Floods: Causes and Consequences
Introduction
Within the conceptual framework of this research, I would like to elaborate on causes and consequences of floods. There are always floods
somewhere in the world. They threat big communities with millions of people, their lives and properties. Big floods always draw international
attention. In order to support my discussion about floods with concrete examples, I will talk about causes and consequences of flood using Mississippi
River basin.
The flood plain
A river's flood plain is central to any discussion of floods. A broad, nearly flat landform consisting of stream–deposited sediment, the flood plain is
inundated by flows in excess of channel capacity (that is, a flood). The flood plain is higher along the edge of the...show more content...
However, continued flooding, especially in the lower Mississippi Valley (which was spared from 1993's floods), led to continued pressure for a much
greater federal role in flood control which culminated in the Flood Control Act of 1917. This legislation authorized $45 million to be spent on flood
control, primarily levees. Flood control was now on equal footing with navigation, although there was no basin–wide comprehensive planning. (Wegner
1993)
Preventing floods
"After 1917 an extensive system of levees, built to federal standards, increasingly prevented the Mississippi from overflowing its banks onto its
flood plain." (Ward 1978) Finally, the Mississippi's flood problems seemed to be solved. Or were they? In 1927 a catastrophic flood on the lower
Mississippi resulted in a massive failure of the levee system and the flooding of 20,000 square miles, the first time levees built to the Mississippi
River Commission's standards had failed. Obviously, levees were not the final solution to Mississippi River floods.
The federal government responded with the Flood Control Act of 1928 which provided for the federal government to pay the entire cost of additional
flood control measures. The Act authorized expenditure of $325 million, an enormous amount when compared to what was spent prior to 1927.
Subsequent flood control acts in 1936 and 1938 led to an even greater federal role, not only in the Mississippi Valley but elsewhere. The federal

government has

Flood Forecasting Essay
As a non–structural measure, flood forecasting (such as discharge, water level, or flow volume) is a crucial part of flow regulation and water resources
management. Worldwide, flood disasters account for about one–third of all natural disasters in terms of number and economic losses (Berz 2000). As
stated by Dutta and Herath (2004), out of the total number of flood events in the world during the past 30 years, 40% occurred in Asia and Southeast
Asia countries stand for the second worst region in Asia. ASEAN Disaster Risk Management Initiative (2010) reported that a catastrophic 200–year
flood (0.5 percent annual probability of exceedance) would have a major impact on the economies of the Southeast Asian countries, including
Myanmar, which...show more content...
As real time flood forecasting systems of Myanmar still provide river stage forecasts for 1–day lead time, provision of more lead times is an interest of
this study. Myanmar is one of the tropical countries characterized by the monsoon climate and river flooding is a recurrent natural phenomenon,
particularly during monsoon (Sanyal and Lu 2004). Severe floods have occurred in major rivers in Myanmar during the last decades and there
seems to be a trend of frequent hydrological extreme events, leading to a high risk of flood hazards. When implementing a flood forecasting system
in a developing country, special attention should be paid to the sustainability of its operation (Shamseldin 2010) and availability of hydrometric data
which are commonly monitored in the region. While conceptual or physically based models are vital for the understanding of hydrological
processes, there are practical situations where the main focus is to provide accurate predictions at specific locations, especially for the river basins
where catchment properties are not fully monitored. Sometimes, a model is valued for its simplicity and robustness in solving the local problems. In
the Myanmar context, such a strong predictive model would benefit to the key flood management actions. In recent years, a great deal of work has
been done in applying data driven models like multiple regressions and neural networks for water resources research.

Essay on Flash Flood
FLASH FLOOD
By aeoncraft
Now I know what a flash flood is like.
I "spoke" too soon at my last status update. Shortly after that, I got cut off from facebook because of a power outage. Barely an hour later, brown
muddy water started creeping across the floor from under the closed door. I pulled down the main switches even if the power was out and ran to
the back to get the piece of plywood which, according to my cousin's instructions (this is his house), I was supposed to place against the door
outside to keep the water from coming in, while calling to my son to wake up. My cousin's family had been staying elsewhere for more than a week
and it was just my son and I who were here. On my way back to the front door the water was past...show more content...
We found out later that some of the male neighbors had smashed a hole through the concrete fence which dead–ends the street. The water could have
gone higher. With that hole and the collapsed back wall, we were saved.
I was starting to get bluesy over everything we had lost, when news filtered in about harder hit areas here in Dumaguete and Negros Oriental, in
Cagayan de Oro and Iligan; of houses being washed away, of 30 foot rampaging flood waters, and a huge number of deaths. How could I moan over
things after that? I ended up praying for those harder–hit by typhoon Sendong and thanking God that we are still here.
Even as we continue to clean–up, news of two more possible typhoons keep us sleeping very lightly. But staying up is much easier now because the
computer got fixed this early evening and we're back on the net.
Hello

Flood Essay
Management before the floods in Malaysia is based on the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP ) as determined by the NSC to agencies like Department
of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Public Works Departments (JKR), Department of Meteorology and Local Authorities (PBT) includes two steps,
namely, structured and unstructured. Structural measures adopted in Malaysia are like dams and dykes to control flood flows and non–structural
measures are such as land use planning and flood forecasting and warning systems to mitigate the effects of floods (Chan, 2012; Khalid, & Shafiai,
2015). Structural measures implemented to reduce the danger of flooding so as not to pose a greater hazard to people in the flood plain. Agencies
involved in the success of...show more content...
In addition, the short message system (SMS) is also provided to warn employees of related government agencies such as the Police, the Army, the
Malaysian Meteorological Department (JMM), Civil Defense Department, the Department, and National Security Division (BKN) in the Prime
Minister and other agencies involved (Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, 2013). The Meteorological Department has also provided a weather forecast
web site to facilitate public access to current weather conditions. In 2001, Malaysia has introduced 'Manual Saliran Mesra Alam' (MSMA) to be used
as a tool in integrated flood management (Chan, 2012; Musa, Chan, Ku Mahamud, Karim, & Zaini, 2013). In contrast, an example of which is seen
nonstructural methods are effective flood forecasting and warning system (Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, 2013). The methods used for the
management of flood disclosed before it has been shown that Malaysia has certainly had an initiative to reduce the impact of floods on human health
and life at risk areas.
Management of flood victims during and after the flooding situation in Malaysia also is based on
Directive No. 20. According to MKN (2012), during the current disaster management involves a number of rescue agencies on the scene as the
Special Search and Rescue Team Malaysia (SMART), the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM),

Essay On Flood In Maryland
The first hazard that residents of Maryland are exposed to during a hurricane are floods. Floods can become very dangerous in a coastal community
that is already close to sea level. With a flood becomes floodwater. Floodwater can seriously disrupt the personal transportation by cutting off the
roads in any area. With flooding, becomes standing water or wet materials within a structure. Standing water or wet materials cause bacteria, mold,
and viruses that can cause disease, which can trigger allergic reactions, and continue to damage materials long after a flood has occurred. Severe
floods not only ruin homes or local businesses and destroy personal property, but the water left behind can cause further damage to property and its
contents. The environment and wildlife are also at risk with floods, when damage occurs to homes or businesses, it can also cause the accidental
release of toxic materials like paints, pesticides, or gasoline. When flooding occurs and...show more content...
Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated from a hurricane, over and above the predicted tide. Most storm surges are caused from the
strong winds of a hurricane or tropical storm. Storm surges cause an abundant amount of flooding with no means of lowering until the winds and
tides are back to normal. A hurricane can produce destructive storm surge, which is water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds
swirling around the storm. This advancing surge combines with the normal tides to create the hurricane storm tide, which can increase the mean
water level 15 feet or more. According to the Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC), "Maryland has been subject to its share of major
flooding events from the first recorded flood on May 11, 1860 in Baltimore City along Jones Falls to the devastating floods caused by the tidal surge of
Hurricane Isabel in mid–September 2003." (Joyce &

Persuasive Essay On Flash Flood
RestorationEze Launches a Flash Flood Preparation Campaign
Every person is at risk of being caught in a flash flood and preparation is key to weathering this natural disaster with minimal damage,
RestorationEze.com reports
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
(Carbondale, CO) Flash floods can occur at any time and may bring a wall of up to 20 feet of water. Roads may be covered by water and yet appear to
be safe. However, a car can be swept away in as little as one foot of water and the roadway may be eroded as a result of the flash flood. Individuals need
to be prepared at all times for flash floods to ensure they and their property remain safe. RestorationEze (RestorationEze.com) is launching a flash flood
preparation campaign to help individuals take the...show more content...
People need to be aware when heavy rains are forecast, especially when they occur in conjunction with a thaw or runoff. This can lead to flash flood
developing with little warning, which is why it is essential individuals be prepared at all times," Matt Buchanan, spokesperson for RestorationEze,
explains.
To prepare, a person should have first–aid supplies on hand and food and water for a minimum of three days for all family members. Medications
should never be completely used before being replaced, as people may not be able to get around following a disaster of this type. Walking through
flood waters should be avoided, as six inches of water can easily sweep a person away. Be sure to have supplies on hand for pets also and stock up on
batteries and portable chargers for electronic devices.
"People often assume that once the water has receded they are safe. Sadly, individuals may not realize the dangers that remain following the flood.
Roadways are a good example of this, as water may weaken the structure that supports the road or erode dirt under the roadway. When the weight of a
car reaches a damaged spot, the roadway may crumble. For this reason, people need to take care following the flood until authorities have declared an
area safe," Buchanan

Literature Review On Floods
Introduction/ Literature Review Floods can be a huge threat anywhere in the United States that experiences large volumes of precipitation, ocean
waves coming on shore, when snow melts at a fast rate, or when dams or levees break (U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic &
Atmospheric Administration, and Office of Oceanic & Atmosphere Research). In the United States, floods kill about 140 people a year (National
Geographic Partner, 2017) "The catastrophic flooding in Houston from Hurricane Harvey is the latest reminder that floods kill more people in the
United States than any other type of natural disaster and are the most common natural disaster worldwide (Lam, 2017)."
There are several types of floods: coastal, river and surface flood. A coastal flood happens when a storm such as a hurricane, tropical storm or just a
severe storm is produced on the coast of a large body of open water. Ultimately leading to water on land, "loss of life and property (Intermap
Technologies, 2014)." Coastal floods are categorized as minor, moderate and major. The second flood is a surface flood, which is for example when
there is heavy precipitation and the drainage system is overwhelmed by excess water. This causes the streets to flood. You do not have to
necessarily be by a body of water for there to be a flood. The most common flood is a riverine flood, where there is an inland flood. This flood occurs
when there is a heavy rainfall, or rapid snow melt during an extended period that

The Queensland Floods
The Queensland floods were a devastating natural disaster which occurred mainly in Brisbane and surrounding areas from 2010 around mid
december to early 2011 in January. The Queensland floods lasted for around 1 month and created a lot of damage leaving many people with nothing
including no home and nowhere to go. Many areas were affected but the main areas were those around the banks of the Burnett River as well as the
Fitzroy river. Unfortunately as time moved on the flood spread to many neighbouring cities affecting hundreds of thousands of people. A flood is "an
overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land", therefore being classified as hydrochloric
process being part of the branch...show more content...
This disaster struck mid/late December around the 20th and lasted until around the same time in January. Within this month a lot of lives had
been changed and still changed for a long time after the disaster hit. Some of the social impacts include 35 people's lives being lost as well as over
200 000 people being affected by the floods by both injury and loss/damage to homes. It was also a massive stress on many of the people involved
as it was uncertain whether your house was protected or not as well as the lives of their families. In terms of economic impacts all damages made
came to around 2.38 billion AUD. This is a drastic number and shows just how violent and damaging a flood can be as well as the amount that
would have been damaged to create this massive price tag. Some of the economic impacts includes many people losing their homes and being put
in a tough financial state especially if their insurance does not cover the costs or even if they have no insurance at all. Other impacts also include
businesses being put under financial pressure if buildings are destroyed as well as insurance loss on top of that. Lastly the environmental impacts
which would be one of the largest impacts affected as many habitats were destroyed as well as many animals lost. It also damaged many ecosystems
as well as waterways which had a large impact on the soil making it erode

Flood Insurance: A Case Study
Devin, I agree that depending on the amount of damage to personal property and cars the demand for flood insurance will increase. Flood insurance
is not covered under the normal homeowner's insurance so consumers have to pay extra for a different policy. Consumers with a higher income are
more willing to purchase flood insurance to recover their belongings from a disaster than consumers with lower incomes (Ren & Wang, 2016). The
price for insurance continues to rise and many consumers don't purchase extra insurance unless there is a need. The law of demand states that quantity
demanded goes up when the price falls (Thomas & Maurice, 2010). However, there are factors that impact demand that is not price. The demand for
flood insurance will

Cause Of Flooding And Its Impacts On Society
1.0 Introduction Climate change or variability is a naturally occurring phenomena that has been escalated by humans. With the transition from hand
production to the use of machines during the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, used to power the
machines has increased exponentially. Advances in technology has led to more fossil fuels having to be burned to sustain energy production. The issue
with burning fossil fuels is that the byproduct is a release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which traps solar radiation and warms the Earth, called
the greenhouse effect. The impacts of climate change include but are not limited to sea level rise, hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, heat waves,
droughts, and flooding. In this paper the focus will be on flooding and its impacts on society including the economy, and ecology, as well as potential
solutions.
2.0 Causes of Flooding
Flooding is a very common natural disaster and has contributed to approximately 39% of worldwide natural disasters, as well as an estimated $397.3
billion worth of damage between 2000 and 2014. [1] Flooding can be caused by short–duration intense rainfall, excessive precipitation, rapid or heavy
snowmelt, hurricanes, tropical cyclones, embankment failure, or sea level rise. The effects of climate change have led to increases in extreme weather
events including more frequent concentrated precipitation, increasing temperatures which causes sea level rise,

Descriptive Essay About The Great Flood
The Great Flood Standing outside, clinging onto my balcony rail, watching the rain pour down from the dark, gloomy sky, I wondered would it ever
end. Each drop of rain continuously hitting the concrete of the parking lot, had formed into a lake. It got depressing, watching the news, and hearing
the reporters saying, "The rain fall would be continuous for another 4 more days." "This is sickening," my mom said, as she paced back and forth in
the living room. Misery appeared on her face, and my dad's, except my little brother seemed unaware of the natural disaster that was occurring.
"Mommy there's a pool outside," said Lalon. "No sweetheart, you can't swim in that water it's contaminated with yucky things!" After realization of the
...show more content...
It was just the matter of being patient while waiting for the boats to arrive. Loud knocks and deep voices came from behind the doors of the
apartment complex from the boat men. "Last call!" the boatmen were yelling out. They had many more routes to pick up other helpless
individuals. The stairs were halfway under water, and we had to walk through the infectious waters just to get into the boat. It only was room for
my mom, little brother and I, so dad had to wait for the next boat. The looks on everyone's faces were dazed, as we sailed past a school bus literally
underwater and our neighborhood grocery store, but you could only see the top of the sign. It was so silent while we rode, all you heard was the
roaring engine from the boat. As we went around the corner, it appeared to be another world, there was not one drop of water. How could it only
flood in certain areas? I thought. The nice gentlemen helped us with our things from the boat to dry land, then we got in a truck with two off–duty fire
fighters, which took us to grandmother's house. Grandma's house was only ten minutes away from us. We thanked the courteous men and were on our
way. It was remarkable how the water only stayed on my street. "Do we live in a sink–hole area," I asked my mom. "No, our home isn't located in a
flood zone, "she replied drearily. When my family arrived, grandma was extremely hysterical and teary–eyed. She asks, "Are you guys

It was a time when men lost faith in the Lord, they weren't aware of how to act or how to worship. Angels in heaven were unfaithful to their God
and fell from heaven to make merry with the daughters of men. The Earth was in shambles. The offspring of angels and women were roaming
around and destroying the land that God had made. He had to make a decision, and that decision was to end all life on the Earth, and rebuild it. Yet,
there was one man, Noah who had unwavering faith in his God. God decided to let Noah be the one to rebuild the Earth. This is the story of Noah
according to Genesis, chapters 6 through 9 in the King James Bible. Noah heard the voice of God and was told that the Earth is in turmoil. God told
him that he...show more content...
This told Noah that the waters had abated from the Earth. Deciding to stay in the ark for another seven days, he then sent the dove again which
never came back. Hearing the voice of God tell him to leave the ark, Noah set out to rebuild the world. Noah built and altar to God and took one of
every clean animal and offered burnt offerings upon the altar. God blessed Noah and his sons and sent them to multiply and replenish the earth. He
then sent a rainbow in the clouds to mark the covenant between him and the earth. With this token, he let the people of the earth remember that
when the dark clouds appear, he will not allow them to flood the earth and destroy all life again. After the Great Flood, Noah became the first tiller
of soil. He is depicted as a husbandman who planted a vineyard and drank of the wine. While drunk, Noah's son Ham saw him naked and told his
brothers. Therefore, Noah cursed Ham's son, Canaan, giving his land to Shem. Noah died 350 years after the Flood, at the age of 950. He was the last
of the immensely long–lived antediluvian Patriarchs. After him, the maximum human lifespan diminishes to 120 years.In the Jewish faith, Noah is
not considered to be righteous like Abraham, for he did not pray to God on behalf of those about to be destroyed. In fact, Noah is never heard, he
only listens to God and acts on his orders. After the Flood, he was given a set of laws for him and his descendants to

Essay on Floods
Natural Disasters: An examination of the causes, effects, and options available to mitigate natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
landslides, subsidence, flooding, severe weather, and meteorite impacts. Natural Disaster Information: 1. Natural Disasters in General 2. Earthquakes 3.
Volcanic Eruptions 4. Tsunami 5. Landslides 6. Floods 7. Weather Related Disasters 8. Meteorite Impacts NATURAL DISASTERS IN GENERAL:
Natural disasters This being my senior project I wanted to look at a topic that I found interesting. Even though I find most topics in the fields
interesting, none catch my attention better than natural disasters. I have always found disasters intriguing and have wanted to know more...show more
content...
The most commonly referenced of Natural Disasters are Tornadoes. A Tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with
both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes,
but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and
dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour, are approximately 250 feet across, and travel a few miles before dissipating. The
most extreme can attain wind speeds of more than 300 mph, stretch more than two miles across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles. Some of
the most violent tornadoes develop from super cell thunderstorms. A super cell thunderstorm is a long–lived thunderstorm possessing within its
structure a continuously rotating updraft of air. These storms have the greatest tendency to produce tornadoes, some of the huge wedge shape. The
super cell thunderstorm has a

Reflection Of The Flood
When thinking about the flood itself, I must first ask why a flood was needed. I realize there was a need for cleansing and transformation of man and
the things on earth, though I wonder why man was created and put upon the earth. There is a heaven, or upper world inhabited by a creator god or
gods, who creates man and sets his feet upon the earth. These men, as we read in the myths, do not act in accordance to what the gods had expected,
so in order to make thing new again, they must be destroyed. I believe many people assume these gods of the upper world to be perfect, so why create
the imperfect man? The created is supposed to be the reflection of the creator, and if this is so then we know the gods weren't perfect. Our perception
of perfection is to be flawless, without guilt, which obviously the mythological gods were not.
If these gods were omniscient and knew man would fall, then there would have been no need...show more content...
Water is used as the creator, though it is also the destroyer which comes to cleanse the world and humanity of all that is contrary to the will of the
gods. While being the destroyer, once again, it also aids in creation, the creation of renewal and rebirth. By the washing away of the old, the new
seeds of humanity can then be planted, and the world is transformed once again into something new. The water can do more than literally wash away
everything on the earth. The washing away can also be a symbol of the washing away or cleansing of man's mind or his conscious. Man is created, and
he develops his own way of thinking, his own way of doing things, his own thoughts, all of which may be detrimental to society and the gods. Man is
not only the victim of the flood, but also the instigator, so through his own actions or inactions, his refusal to worship and give thanks to the gods, his
sinful thoughts and deeds, he has initiated his own

Before The Flood

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