This document provides information about beer, including its key ingredients of fermented malt, hops and brewer's yeast. It discusses the brewing process and the two main types of fermentation used - top fermentation for ales and bottom fermentation for lagers. It also outlines different types of beers and factors that influence their production, such as the yeast and temperatures used. Finally, it details various types of beer glasses and their uses for enhancing the flavors of different styles of beer.

1. BEER

2. BEER
An alcoholic drink made from yeast and
fermented malt, flavoured with hops.

3. FERMENTED MALT, HOPS & BREWER'S
YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

4. KEY ELEMENTS OF BEER

5. BREWING BRUING
• Make (beer) by soaking, boiling, and fermentation.
• Make (tea or coffee) by mixing it with hot water.

6. BREWING

7. TYPES OF BEER

8. FERMENTATION PROCESS
What is Top Fermentation used for Ales?
The yeast that is used in ale production ferments throughout the beer
and settles at the top of the liquid. It has a higher tolerance to alcohol
and ferments at warmer temperatures when compared to the yeast
that’s used to make lager.
What is Bottom Fermentation used for Lagers?
The yeast used in lager production is more fragile than what’s used to
make ale, and settles at the bottom of the liquid vessel after
fermentation. It needs to ferment more slowly and at cooler
temperatures than the yeast that’s used in ale production, and it has a
lower tolerance to alcohol.

9. BEERS AVAILABLE

10. •
* Beer should be served in correct temperature
* Always serve beer in chilled glass or mugs, use a Glass Froster to chill the glass.
* Always examine beer glass before pouring to be sure they are clean.
* Glasses should not have spots, lipstick, chips or cracks.
* Bottled beer should always be stored in a dry, dark place.
* Before serving it should be stored in the fridge at least 12 hrs. at a 3C – 5C temperature.
* Always offer beer glass.
* Always pour the bottled beer.
* Hold the beer mug near the base while pouring draft beer.
* Tip the glass slightly to one side and then raise it gradually to an upright position.
* Open the beer tap dispenser quickly and completely and then pour the beer all in one go.
* In case the beer does not form a head then change the beer keg before serving any beer.
This is a indication of a leaking keg which can result in loss of carbon dioxide
* Close the tap quickly and completely once filled.
TIPS FOR SERVING BEER

11. STORAGE OF BEER

12. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES

13. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Pint Glasses / Shaker Pints
While there are multiple kinds of pint glasses, the American pint
glass is probably the most common glass for beer, in the United
States at least. This is the glass that you will likely be served in
a bar or restaurant. The American Pint Glass, sometimes
called a Shaker glass, has a simple and somewhat skinny
cylindrical shape that gets wider as it goes up. This type of pint
glass typically holds 16 oz. and is common to use with most
type of beers, including ales, IPAs, stouts and lagers.
The English pint glass, also commonly referred to as an
Imperial or Nonic glass, is shaped much like the American
pint, but has a slight lip near the top. The English pint also holds
20 oz. and is usually preferred for drinking English ales and
lagers.
This type of glassware is cheap to manufacture, cheap to
buy and easy to drink out of. Bars love to stock the pint
glass because they’re easy to clean and simple to stack.
All of which is probably why it’s the go-to glassware for most
beer enthusiasts.

14. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Beer Mugs
The beer mug is one of my personal favourites, because it’s
incredibly robust, easy to use and holds a lot of beer. Common
in England, Germany and the United States, this type of
beer glass comes in all sizes.
The main characteristic of the beer mug is its wide cylindrical
shape with a handle on the side. The thick glass walls helps
insulate your brew to keep it cool, while the handle helps
prevent your hands from inadvertently warming up your beer (or
dropping it when you’ve had too many).
Sometimes beer mugs will have dimples throughout the glass.
While most believe this is merely for decorative purposes, others
argue that the dimples help a drinker appreciate the overall
color and clarity of their beer.
No matter what you believe, there’s no denying the popularity of
this beer glass. They’re easy to use, strong enough to toast your
friends in a hearty manner, and it holds plenty of beer!

15. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Beer Steins
The beer stein is very similar to the mug. In fact, so common
that these two types of beer glasses are often confused as the
same, but they are not. While they have the same shape, steins
come equipped with a hinged lid and a lever for your
thumb to open said lid easily. Additionally, steins are
traditionally made out of a wider variety of materials,
including porcelain, stoneware, pewter, silver and wood.
’Stein’ is an abbreviated form of Steinzeugkrug, the German
word for stoneware jug or tankard. Historically, steins were
preferred because it was widely believed the lids were
more sanitary and would ultimately prevent the bubonic
plague. In fact, in the early 16th century many communities
throughout Europe had passed laws requiring food and beverage
containers have lids.
While beer steins are still commonly used today, they are
mostly regarded as ornamental or souvenir glassware
amongst the majority of beer drinkers. Most people prefer
the convenience of a pint glass, over the traditions of a
stein.

16. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Goblets or Chalices:
Goblets are one of the larger, more extravagant types of
glassware that beer drinkers come across. Unlike pint glasses
that hold a specified amount of liquid, goblets can be found in a
variety of sizes.
Goblets can be described as having a long thick stem, with a
bowl sitting on top. Chalices are another common name for
goblets, as they have the same shape. Chalices usually
have thicker glass walls and may be heavier. You may find
some goblets and chalices even have a gold or silver rim. This is
merely decorative and serves no real purpose in terms of
improving the quality of beer.
Goblets and chalices are great choices for heavy, malty beers,
such as Belgian ales and German Bocks. This type of glassware
has a wide opening that assists a beer drinker in analyzing the
overall flavour profile and aromas

17. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Weizen:
Weizen glasses are often confused with pilsner glasses,
due to their similar shape and size. The main difference
between these two styles, is that the Weizen glasses have
more curvature to them, especially at the top of the glass.
Starting with a strong, narrow base, the glass has a distinctive
curve to it as it goes up. This type of beer glass is much
taller than a pint glass, and usually holds at least 500 ml
of beer.
Another important characteristic, weizen glasses are
designed for and primarily used for wheat beers
(Weizenbier). The curved lip at the top of the glass helps
trap and encourage a thick foam head, allowing for you to
appreciate the full aroma and flavor that comes along
with wheat beers.
However, be wary of the fruit that is usually served on the rim of
wheat beers, especially at bars, as the acidity and juice of the
fruit could destroy the foam head.

18. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Snifters:
This type of beer glassware is somewhat rare to find out in
public. However, don’t let that stop you from trying it out. You
may have already heard of the snifter glass, as it is usually
used for tasting cognac and brandy, but many people
don’t realize that it’s also great at enriching the aromatics
of beer. The unique shape of the glass allows you to swirl your
beer around, stirring up the volatiles which helps bring out the
full aroma of your brew.
This type of glass looks kinda like the offspring of a wine glass
and a goblet. It’s small with a thin stem and footer, but the
large bowl on top holds plenty of liquid. Despite how much it can
hold, with this type of glass you probably don’t want to fill it all
the way up to the rim, as it’s typically reserved for beers with
strong flavors and aromas. If you fill it up to the rim it may
prohibit you from enjoying the full experience. This type of
beer glass is typically used for stronger beers, such as
Double or Imperial IPAs and Belgian ales, and is a
favorite amongst beer enthusiasts.

19. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Tulips & Thistle Glasses:
Another two popular beer glasses to try out are the Tulip and
the Thistle glass. Designed to trap and maintain the foam head,
the tulip glass helps enhance the flavor and aromatics of hoppy
and malty brews. Much like the goblets and snifters, these types
of beer glasses have a small stem and footer with a unique,
tulip-like bowl on top. The top rim curves outward, forming a lip
that helps ensnare the foam head.
The thistle glass resembles a stretched-out version of the tulip.
It has the same stumpy stem, with a bulb-like bowl, but it’s
slightly taller and has less curves around the lip. The thistle
glass is typically reserved and designed for Scottish Ales,
as the “thistle” is Scotland’s official flower. Much like the
snifter, the tulip glass is commonly used for stronger
brews, such as Double IPAs, Belgian ales and
barleywines.
The bulb-like bowl allows you to generously swirl around your
beer, releasing the full aromas. This is another type of beer
glass that is a popular amongst beer geeks..

20. TYPES OF BEER GLASSES
Tasting & Sampler Glass:
The tasting glass, also called a sampler glass, can be
found in all shapes and sizes. We add it to our list of beer
glasses, because they are commonly found throughout
brewery tours and pubs. Not to mention, every beer geek I
know has their own special collection of tasting glasses at their
home.
Taster glasses typically hold a fraction of the amount of a pint
glass, ranging from 2.5 to 6 ounces of beer. They’re purposely
designed this way so you can sample a beer, without
becoming intoxicated. Taster glasses are also handy for
sampling a couple of draft beers at your local pub, without
committing yourself to the full pint. Or, if you and your buddies
buy a rare, expensive brew, taster glasses are a great way to
split it up and allow everyone to experience the full flavour.

21. BEER

22. THANK YOU