Especially created to understand the basic concept of Natural Gas Dehydration and to describe the popular dehydration method with their process working principles.
ALL ABOUT NATURAL GAS : DEFINITION,FORMATION,PROPERTIES,COMPOSITION,PHASE BEHAVIOR ,CONDITIONING"DEHYDRATION ,SWETENING" AND FINAL PROCESSING TO END USER PRODUCTS
This document is a report on natural gas dehydration processes submitted by students at Koya University. It discusses the importance of removing water from natural gas and describes various dehydration methods. The most common methods are absorption using glycol and adsorption using desiccants. Absorption using triethylene glycol is identified as the most economical and effective process, as it requires less energy and maintenance than adsorption while achieving the necessary low water levels. The report provides details on how each dehydration method works and the advantages and limitations of absorption and adsorption processes.
Natural gas contains water that must be removed through dehydration. There are three main dehydration methods: direct cooling, adsorption, and absorption. Glycol absorption is most common, using triethylene glycol to continuously remove water down to 0.5 lb of H2O/MMSCF. Glycol dehydration has lower costs than alternatives due to easier regeneration and makeup of glycol, as well as less heat required per pound of water removed. Removing water prevents issues like reduced heating value, gas hydrate formation, and corrosion in downstream pipelines and equipment.
This document outlines the key steps in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) production process. It begins with extracting natural gas from the ground, then treating the gas to remove impurities. The treated gas is then condensed into a liquid by cooling it to -260°F through a multi-stage liquefaction process. The LNG is stored and transported in specialized cryogenic tanks on ships or trucks, then regasified back into gas form before being distributed through pipelines. The document provides details on each stage of the LNG value chain from production to regasification and discusses related technologies like compressed natural gas.
Natural gas processing technology sweetening processesMohamad Abdelraof
The document discusses hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration and toxicity levels at different ppm concentrations. It then discusses requirements for gas entering LNG plants and different sweetening processes used to remove sour gases like H2S and CO2. The amine sweetening process is described in detail, including major equipment used like absorbers, strippers, heat exchangers. Different amines used and their properties are also discussed. Mercury and nitrogen removal processes are briefly covered.
The document discusses various methods for natural gas dehydration, including adsorption, condensation, absorption, cooling to lower the hydrate condensation dew point, inhibition using chemicals like methanol or glycols, and refrigeration. It provides details on El Sayed Amer's engineering experience and areas of expertise, which include gas processing, well completion, and teaching various oil and gas courses. It also lists professional affiliations and certifications.
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide Gerard B. Hawkins
Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
ALL ABOUT NATURAL GAS : DEFINITION,FORMATION,PROPERTIES,COMPOSITION,PHASE BEHAVIOR ,CONDITIONING"DEHYDRATION ,SWETENING" AND FINAL PROCESSING TO END USER PRODUCTS
This document is a report on natural gas dehydration processes submitted by students at Koya University. It discusses the importance of removing water from natural gas and describes various dehydration methods. The most common methods are absorption using glycol and adsorption using desiccants. Absorption using triethylene glycol is identified as the most economical and effective process, as it requires less energy and maintenance than adsorption while achieving the necessary low water levels. The report provides details on how each dehydration method works and the advantages and limitations of absorption and adsorption processes.
Natural gas contains water that must be removed through dehydration. There are three main dehydration methods: direct cooling, adsorption, and absorption. Glycol absorption is most common, using triethylene glycol to continuously remove water down to 0.5 lb of H2O/MMSCF. Glycol dehydration has lower costs than alternatives due to easier regeneration and makeup of glycol, as well as less heat required per pound of water removed. Removing water prevents issues like reduced heating value, gas hydrate formation, and corrosion in downstream pipelines and equipment.
This document outlines the key steps in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) production process. It begins with extracting natural gas from the ground, then treating the gas to remove impurities. The treated gas is then condensed into a liquid by cooling it to -260°F through a multi-stage liquefaction process. The LNG is stored and transported in specialized cryogenic tanks on ships or trucks, then regasified back into gas form before being distributed through pipelines. The document provides details on each stage of the LNG value chain from production to regasification and discusses related technologies like compressed natural gas.
Natural gas processing technology sweetening processesMohamad Abdelraof
The document discusses hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration and toxicity levels at different ppm concentrations. It then discusses requirements for gas entering LNG plants and different sweetening processes used to remove sour gases like H2S and CO2. The amine sweetening process is described in detail, including major equipment used like absorbers, strippers, heat exchangers. Different amines used and their properties are also discussed. Mercury and nitrogen removal processes are briefly covered.
The document discusses various methods for natural gas dehydration, including adsorption, condensation, absorption, cooling to lower the hydrate condensation dew point, inhibition using chemicals like methanol or glycols, and refrigeration. It provides details on El Sayed Amer's engineering experience and areas of expertise, which include gas processing, well completion, and teaching various oil and gas courses. It also lists professional affiliations and certifications.
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide Gerard B. Hawkins
Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
Phase separation occurs in a pressure vessel called a separator that is used to separate well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. Separators employ mechanisms like gravity settling, centrifugal force, and baffling to separate the phases. Separator design and performance is dependent on factors like flow rates, fluid properties, presence of impurities, and foaming tendencies. Common types of separators include test separators, production separators, and low temperature separators that are used for primary separation, secondary separation, and removal of specific phases like free water.
Dr. Aborig Lecture- Chapter 3 natural gas processingamaborig
This document provides an overview of natural gas processing, including the key purposes and principles of gas processing. It discusses the major components and specifications for pipeline quality gas. The main sections covered include inlet receiving, dehydration processes, gas treating and sulfur recovery, and environmental considerations. Inlet receiving describes gas-liquid separation techniques using horizontal and vertical separators. Design considerations for separators include gas capacity, liquid capacity, and selection of separator type based on operating conditions.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]:
ENGI 8676 Design of Natural Gas Handling Equipment
ENGI 9120 Advanced Natural Gas Processing
Chapter 3
Natural Gas Processing
This document describes gas sweetening processes used to remove acid gases like H2S and CO2 from natural gas. It focuses on chemical absorption processes using alkanolamine solvents like MEA, DGA, DEA, and MDEA in aqueous solutions. The general process involves absorbing acid gases from the feed gas in an absorber column, regenerating the solvent in a regenerator column, and recycling the regenerated solvent. Key unit operations discussed include the absorber, flash drum, amine/amine heat exchanger, regenerator, reboiler, and condenser. Process conditions and equipment details are provided for the typical operation of each unit.
This is a full course about how the Amine Sweetening Unit works, and all the factors, operations, and problems related to this unit. This course was taken from the IHRDC institute.
Amine gas treating is a process that uses aqueous solutions of alkanolamines like monoethanolamine to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gases. The process involves an absorber unit where the amine solution absorbs the acid gases from the sour gas stream, producing a sweetened gas. The rich amine is then regenerated in a stripper, producing a lean amine that is recycled and an acid gas stream that is usually sent to a Claus process to produce elemental sulfur. Common amines used include MEA, DEA, and MDEA.
Gas hydrate
To prepare natural gas for sale, its undesirable components (water, H2S and CO2) must be removed. Most natural gas contains substantial amounts of water vapor due to the presence of connate water in the reservoir rock. At reservoir pressure and temperature, gas is saturated with water vapor
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
This document describes the process of solid bed gas dehydration. It begins with an introduction to gas dehydration and why it is needed to meet contractual water content specifications. It then covers determining the water content in a gas stream and corrections that must be made. The main part of the document discusses how solid bed dehydration systems work using adsorption onto a desiccant and provides details on the process, design considerations, example calculations, and heat requirements for regeneration. It concludes with a solved example to design a solid bed dehydration unit to treat a specific gas feed.
The document provides information about various processes at an oil refinery. It discusses desalting crude oil to remove salt. It then describes the main distillation units like atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation that separate crude oil into different hydrocarbon fractions. Other process units mentioned include hydrotreating to remove contaminants, catalytic reforming to increase octane of naphtha, fluid catalytic cracking to convert heavy fractions to lighter products, and hydrocracking to break larger molecules.
This document discusses the composition and classification of natural gas. Natural gas is composed primarily of hydrocarbon gases like methane, ethane and propane. It can also contain small amounts of non-hydrocarbon gases like nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as water, condensates, mercury and solids like sand, wax and scales. Hydrocarbons are classified based on their molecular structure and weight. Natural gas undergoes processing to remove impurities and separate it into residue gas and natural gas liquids for distribution and use.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
Three phase separators separate gas, oil, and water. They consist of three zones: an inlet zone, a liquid-liquid settling zone, and a gas-liquid separation zone. Key factors that affect separator efficiency include the inlet flow pattern and devices, feed pipe geometry, entrainment, and internals. Separators can be horizontal or vertical, with horizontal separators often used for foamy streams and liquid-liquid separation, while vertical separators handle large liquid slugs. Proper sizing considers flow rates, residence times, velocities, and droplet sizes to achieve efficient phase separation with minimum carryover.
This document summarizes a research project modeling a carbon dioxide gas absorber using methyl diethanol amine (MDEA). The research involved developing mathematical models of the absorber to predict variations in CO2 concentration and temperatures across the column. The models were implemented in MATLAB and results were validated using plant data. Simulation results showed good agreement with plant data and provided insight into how varying process parameters like MDEA concentration and gas flow rate affect absorber performance. The research concluded the developed models accurately modeled the absorber and recommended future work study the regeneration section and residence time dependence.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Crude oil production systems involve exploration, drilling, and surface production operations to extract crude oil and separate it from other fluids and gases. Surface production operations include separating the well effluent into gas, oil, and water streams using separators. The separated streams undergo further treatment, which may include dehydration to remove water, emulsion breaking, stabilization to control vapor pressure, and removal of impurities. Produced water is typically reinjected, while associated gas may be reinjected, used for power generation, or flared if not needed onsite. Wastes are also handled through treatment and disposal or reuse to protect the environment.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbon composed primarily of methane. It is odorless, colorless, and lighter than air. Natural gas is considered one of the cleanest burning fossil fuels and produces fewer emissions than other fuels like coal, oil, and wood. It is used for power generation, industrial processes like fertilizer production, and heating homes and buildings. When natural gas replaces dirtier fuels, greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced. Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for ease of storage or transport and takes up less space than gaseous natural gas. LNG is transported globally via specially designed carriers and stored in insulated tanks.
SEPARATING AND TREATING WELL FLUIDS; Principles and Operation of Production Separators ; Types of Separators; Separation Methods; Stage separation method; Low-temperature separation method; EMULSION; Treating Oil-field Emulsions; WATER REMOVAL; Heater- Treater (or flow treater or emulsion treated); TREATING NATURAL GAS ; GAS TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION ; Heat Exchangers; Scrubbers and Reboilers ; Compressors, Anti-surge and Performance; GAS PROCESSING; Acid Gas Removal; Dehydration; Mercury Removal; Nitrogen Rejection; NGL Recovery and Treatment ;THE STORAGE SYSTEM
Report on field visit to dakhni oil fieldSaba Saif
This report summarizes a field trip to the Dhakni oil field led by Saba Saif and submitted to Mam Saima Akbar. The trip's purpose was to observe drilling, extraction, and processing of oil and gas. At the field, health and safety precautions were emphasized due to hazards like H2S gas. The report describes the field's location, accessibility, and production estimates. It also provides details on processing plants that separate hydrocarbons and H2S, produce natural gas, LPG, and sulfur. Throughout the field, controls and safety measures are in place to monitor and address issues like high pressure or gas leaks.
The Economic Comparison Between Dry Natural Gas And Nitrogen Gas For Strippin...inventionjournals
Natural gas isa substantial energy source among other sources of fossil fuels. It is usually produced saturated with water vapor under production conditions. The natural gas dehydration is very paramount in the gas industry to stripthe water vapor existing in the gas production, at low-temperature conditions that may plug the system because of hydrate formation in pipelines. Totake off water vapor from natural gas flow usestriethylene glycol (TEG) in the gas dehydration process. In the glycol method, the wet gas is contactwith leanglycolinan absorber to dehydrate naturalgas and the rich glycol will be recovered and used again. This paper deals with stripping gas in the regenerator of glycol dehydration package with part of dry natural gas instead of nitrogen for stripping water vapor from triethylene glycol and studying the economic comparison between both of them by using modeling and simulation with HYSYS program. The two methods were investigated and evaluated to choose the optimal one with respect to the capital and utility costs, provided that keeping the same specifications and quantity of the glycol purity.In addition, the wet gas from the stripping process can be used to operate texsteam pumps and compressors or recycle with wet gas feed. The model has been built according to the actual process flow diagram. Finally, the results of this model could be considered as a basis on which a new heat and material balance will be developed for the plant.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Phase separation occurs in a pressure vessel called a separator that is used to separate well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. Separators employ mechanisms like gravity settling, centrifugal force, and baffling to separate the phases. Separator design and performance is dependent on factors like flow rates, fluid properties, presence of impurities, and foaming tendencies. Common types of separators include test separators, production separators, and low temperature separators that are used for primary separation, secondary separation, and removal of specific phases like free water.
Dr. Aborig Lecture- Chapter 3 natural gas processingamaborig
This document provides an overview of natural gas processing, including the key purposes and principles of gas processing. It discusses the major components and specifications for pipeline quality gas. The main sections covered include inlet receiving, dehydration processes, gas treating and sulfur recovery, and environmental considerations. Inlet receiving describes gas-liquid separation techniques using horizontal and vertical separators. Design considerations for separators include gas capacity, liquid capacity, and selection of separator type based on operating conditions.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]:
ENGI 8676 Design of Natural Gas Handling Equipment
ENGI 9120 Advanced Natural Gas Processing
Chapter 3
Natural Gas Processing
This document describes gas sweetening processes used to remove acid gases like H2S and CO2 from natural gas. It focuses on chemical absorption processes using alkanolamine solvents like MEA, DGA, DEA, and MDEA in aqueous solutions. The general process involves absorbing acid gases from the feed gas in an absorber column, regenerating the solvent in a regenerator column, and recycling the regenerated solvent. Key unit operations discussed include the absorber, flash drum, amine/amine heat exchanger, regenerator, reboiler, and condenser. Process conditions and equipment details are provided for the typical operation of each unit.
This is a full course about how the Amine Sweetening Unit works, and all the factors, operations, and problems related to this unit. This course was taken from the IHRDC institute.
Amine gas treating is a process that uses aqueous solutions of alkanolamines like monoethanolamine to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gases. The process involves an absorber unit where the amine solution absorbs the acid gases from the sour gas stream, producing a sweetened gas. The rich amine is then regenerated in a stripper, producing a lean amine that is recycled and an acid gas stream that is usually sent to a Claus process to produce elemental sulfur. Common amines used include MEA, DEA, and MDEA.
Gas hydrate
To prepare natural gas for sale, its undesirable components (water, H2S and CO2) must be removed. Most natural gas contains substantial amounts of water vapor due to the presence of connate water in the reservoir rock. At reservoir pressure and temperature, gas is saturated with water vapor
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
This document describes the process of solid bed gas dehydration. It begins with an introduction to gas dehydration and why it is needed to meet contractual water content specifications. It then covers determining the water content in a gas stream and corrections that must be made. The main part of the document discusses how solid bed dehydration systems work using adsorption onto a desiccant and provides details on the process, design considerations, example calculations, and heat requirements for regeneration. It concludes with a solved example to design a solid bed dehydration unit to treat a specific gas feed.
The document provides information about various processes at an oil refinery. It discusses desalting crude oil to remove salt. It then describes the main distillation units like atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation that separate crude oil into different hydrocarbon fractions. Other process units mentioned include hydrotreating to remove contaminants, catalytic reforming to increase octane of naphtha, fluid catalytic cracking to convert heavy fractions to lighter products, and hydrocracking to break larger molecules.
This document discusses the composition and classification of natural gas. Natural gas is composed primarily of hydrocarbon gases like methane, ethane and propane. It can also contain small amounts of non-hydrocarbon gases like nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as water, condensates, mercury and solids like sand, wax and scales. Hydrocarbons are classified based on their molecular structure and weight. Natural gas undergoes processing to remove impurities and separate it into residue gas and natural gas liquids for distribution and use.
Le 03 Natural Gas (NG) Transportation and DistributionNsulangi Paul
This module describes means of transportation and distribution of natural gas from production area to the end user or consumers. The module analyzes various methods such as pipeline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), gas to liquid fuel (GtL), gas to wire (GtW) as well as gas to hydrate (GtH).
Three phase separators separate gas, oil, and water. They consist of three zones: an inlet zone, a liquid-liquid settling zone, and a gas-liquid separation zone. Key factors that affect separator efficiency include the inlet flow pattern and devices, feed pipe geometry, entrainment, and internals. Separators can be horizontal or vertical, with horizontal separators often used for foamy streams and liquid-liquid separation, while vertical separators handle large liquid slugs. Proper sizing considers flow rates, residence times, velocities, and droplet sizes to achieve efficient phase separation with minimum carryover.
This document summarizes a research project modeling a carbon dioxide gas absorber using methyl diethanol amine (MDEA). The research involved developing mathematical models of the absorber to predict variations in CO2 concentration and temperatures across the column. The models were implemented in MATLAB and results were validated using plant data. Simulation results showed good agreement with plant data and provided insight into how varying process parameters like MDEA concentration and gas flow rate affect absorber performance. The research concluded the developed models accurately modeled the absorber and recommended future work study the regeneration section and residence time dependence.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Crude oil production systems involve exploration, drilling, and surface production operations to extract crude oil and separate it from other fluids and gases. Surface production operations include separating the well effluent into gas, oil, and water streams using separators. The separated streams undergo further treatment, which may include dehydration to remove water, emulsion breaking, stabilization to control vapor pressure, and removal of impurities. Produced water is typically reinjected, while associated gas may be reinjected, used for power generation, or flared if not needed onsite. Wastes are also handled through treatment and disposal or reuse to protect the environment.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbon composed primarily of methane. It is odorless, colorless, and lighter than air. Natural gas is considered one of the cleanest burning fossil fuels and produces fewer emissions than other fuels like coal, oil, and wood. It is used for power generation, industrial processes like fertilizer production, and heating homes and buildings. When natural gas replaces dirtier fuels, greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced. Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to liquid form for ease of storage or transport and takes up less space than gaseous natural gas. LNG is transported globally via specially designed carriers and stored in insulated tanks.
SEPARATING AND TREATING WELL FLUIDS; Principles and Operation of Production Separators ; Types of Separators; Separation Methods; Stage separation method; Low-temperature separation method; EMULSION; Treating Oil-field Emulsions; WATER REMOVAL; Heater- Treater (or flow treater or emulsion treated); TREATING NATURAL GAS ; GAS TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION ; Heat Exchangers; Scrubbers and Reboilers ; Compressors, Anti-surge and Performance; GAS PROCESSING; Acid Gas Removal; Dehydration; Mercury Removal; Nitrogen Rejection; NGL Recovery and Treatment ;THE STORAGE SYSTEM
Report on field visit to dakhni oil fieldSaba Saif
This report summarizes a field trip to the Dhakni oil field led by Saba Saif and submitted to Mam Saima Akbar. The trip's purpose was to observe drilling, extraction, and processing of oil and gas. At the field, health and safety precautions were emphasized due to hazards like H2S gas. The report describes the field's location, accessibility, and production estimates. It also provides details on processing plants that separate hydrocarbons and H2S, produce natural gas, LPG, and sulfur. Throughout the field, controls and safety measures are in place to monitor and address issues like high pressure or gas leaks.
The Economic Comparison Between Dry Natural Gas And Nitrogen Gas For Strippin...inventionjournals
Natural gas isa substantial energy source among other sources of fossil fuels. It is usually produced saturated with water vapor under production conditions. The natural gas dehydration is very paramount in the gas industry to stripthe water vapor existing in the gas production, at low-temperature conditions that may plug the system because of hydrate formation in pipelines. Totake off water vapor from natural gas flow usestriethylene glycol (TEG) in the gas dehydration process. In the glycol method, the wet gas is contactwith leanglycolinan absorber to dehydrate naturalgas and the rich glycol will be recovered and used again. This paper deals with stripping gas in the regenerator of glycol dehydration package with part of dry natural gas instead of nitrogen for stripping water vapor from triethylene glycol and studying the economic comparison between both of them by using modeling and simulation with HYSYS program. The two methods were investigated and evaluated to choose the optimal one with respect to the capital and utility costs, provided that keeping the same specifications and quantity of the glycol purity.In addition, the wet gas from the stripping process can be used to operate texsteam pumps and compressors or recycle with wet gas feed. The model has been built according to the actual process flow diagram. Finally, the results of this model could be considered as a basis on which a new heat and material balance will be developed for the plant.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Systemic Optimization Approach for the Design of Natural Gas Dehydration PlantIJRES Journal
In designing dehydration units for natural gas, several critical parameters exist which can be varied to achieve a specified dew point depression. This paper studies the effects of varying number of trays in the contactor, glycol circulation rate through the contactor, temperature of the reboiler in the regenerator, amount of stripping gas used and operating pressure of the regenerator on the water content of the gas in a glycol dehydration unit. The effect of incorporating free water knock out (FWKO) tank before the absorber is also presented. An offshore platform in the Arctic region was chosen as the base case of this simulation and was modeled by using ASPEN HYSYS. Results show that the incorporation of FWKOT does not affect the TEG circulation rate required to approach equilibrium.
PPE - PRESENTATION_Agustin_Atienza_Mortel_Rizo.pdfjoshuaagustin6
The document describes the glycol dehydration process. Glycol dehydration uses glycols like TEG, MEG, TREG and DEG to remove water from natural gas streams. The process involves feeding the wet gas through an absorption column where it contacts a counter-flowing glycol. The glycol absorbs water from the gas. The wet glycol is then regenerated by heating it to remove water vapor in a reboiler and stripping column. The regenerated glycol is cooled and recycled to the absorption column while dry gas exits at the bottom.
The document discusses natural gas liquid (NGL) recovery from natural gas streams. It covers key terms, factors that affect recovery like gas composition and sales gas specifications, various process options for NGL recovery like low temperature separation and straight refrigeration, and provides an example problem calculating recovery values.
This document describes a study for the production of ethylene glycol through the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide with water. It discusses the significance of ethylene glycol and its uses in various industries such as antifreeze and polyester fibers. The most common manufacturing method is described as the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide through a ring-opening reaction. A flow diagram shows the process which involves hydrating ethylene oxide in a reactor, evaporating the water-glycol mixture in multiple stages, stripping remaining water and purifying through distillation. The study aims to design a process capable of producing 100,000 tons per year of ethylene glycol.
The document discusses the components and process of a glycol dehydration system used to remove water from natural gas. It describes the major system components including contactors, filters, heat exchangers, pumps, reboilers, and still columns. It also discusses various process variables that impact the dehydration process such as gas and glycol temperatures, glycol circulation rate, and reboiler pressure and temperature. The overall goal of the system is to use glycol like diethylene, triethylene, or tetraethylene glycol to absorb water from the natural gas in a contactor and then regenerate the lean glycol in a reboiler and still column.
Distillation oldest separation process. used in unit of industries even in pharma industry for preparation of medicines. it is based on the difference in the boiling point.
Gas-Solid-Liquid Mixing Systems
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT
5 THREE-PHASE MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTION
6 STIRRED VESSEL DESIGN
6.1 Agitator Design
6.2 Design for Solids Suspension
6.3 Vessel Design
6.4 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient and Surface Area
7 THREE-PHASE FLUIDIZED BEDS
7.1 Gas and Liquid Hold-Up
7.2 Calculation Procedure
7.3 Bubble Size
7.4 Mass Transfer
7.5 Heat Transfer
7.6 Elutriation
8 SLURRY REACTORS
8.1 Gas Rate
8.2 Mass Transfer
9 NOMENCLATURE
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
General Water Treatment For Cooling Water
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 CHOICE OF COOLING SYSTEM
4.1 ‘Once through' Cooling Systems
4.2 Open Evaporative Recirculating Systems
4.3 Closed Recirculating Systems
4.4 Comparison of Cooling Systems
5 MAKE-UP WATER QUALITY
6 FOULING PROCESSES
6.1 Deposition
6.2 Scaling
6.3 Corrosion
6.4 Biological Growth
7 CONTROL OF THE COOLING SYSTEM
7.1 ‘Once through' Cooling Systems
7.2 Closed Recirculating Systems
7.3 Open Evaporative Cooling Systems
TABLES
1 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FOULING PROCESSES AND INSTALLED COSTS
2 WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
FIGURES
1 PREDICTION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE SCALING
2 CALCIUM SULFATE SOLUBILITY
3 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE SCALING INDEX
This curriculum vitae provides details on Subbiah A Passport's work experience in oil and gas fields over 14 years. He has experience in central processing facilities, well head platforms, compressor stations, and more. His positions include senior process operator, senior field operator, field technician, and production operator. He has experience commissioning and starting up operations, production operations, process operations, and wellhead operations. He is familiar with various process equipment and operations related to natural gas and LPG plants, gas sweetening units, gas dehydration units, dew point depression units, condensate fractionation units, sulfur recovery units, gas injection units, and water treatment and injection.
Dr. deepjyoti mech hydrocarbon assurance - a research implicationsPresidencyUniversity
The document discusses hydrocarbon flow assurance issues in oil and gas production and transportation. It covers several topics:
1. Flow assurance issues like gas hydrates and wax deposition present challenges for production and pipelines in cold environments. Hydrates can plug pipelines while wax can deposit and reduce flow.
2. The document outlines various experimental setups and procedures to study hydrate and wax kinetics and thermodynamics using reactors. It examines inhibitors for addressing hydrate plugging in pipelines and production.
3. Recovery of gas from hydrate reservoirs is discussed through depressurization and injection of polymers or surfactants to improve recovery rates. The document presents results on methane recovery from artificial hydrate systems.
Learn how oil producers team up with Berg Chilling Inc. to turn wellhead flare gas headaches into benefits. By using an oil and gas separator the oil industry can now reduce gas emissions.
Debottlenecking Claus Sulfur Recovery Units: An Investigation of the applicat...Gerard B. Hawkins
Debottlenecking Claus Sulfur Recovery Units: An Investigation of the application of Zinc Titanates
1 Executive Summary
2 Claus Process
2.1 Partial Combustion Claus
2.2 Split Flow Claus
2.3 Sulfur Recycle Claus
3 Zinc Titanates
4 Application of Zinc Titanate to Debottleneck Partial Combustion Claus by 10%
4.1 Process
4.2 ASPEN Modeling Results
4.3 Cost of Zinc Titanate Bed Installation
4.3.1 Basis of Costing
4.3.2 Zinc Titanate Beds
4.3.3 Regen Cooler
4.3.4 Blowers
4.3.5 Results
4.4 Alternative Debottlenecking Technology for Partial Combustion Claus
4.5 Cost of 10% Debottlenecking Using COPE Process
5 Debottlenecking Claus Split Flow System by 10% with Zinc Titanates
6 Debottlenecking Claus Sulfur Recycle System With Zinc Titanate
7 Effect of Zinc Titanate Debottlenecking on Existing Tail; Gas Treatment Systems
7.1 Selectox
7.2 SuperClaus99
7.3 Superclaus 99.5
7.4 SCOT Process
7.5 Zinc Titanate as a Claus Tail Gas Treatment
7.6 H2S Removal Efficiency With Zinc Titanate
8 Effects on COS and CS2 Formation
9 Questions for further Investigation
FIGURES
Figure 1 Claus Unit and TGCU
Figure 2 Claus Process
Figure 3 Typical Claus Sulfur Recovery Unit
Figure 4 Two-Stage Claus SRU
Figure 5 The Super Claus Process
Figure 6 SCOT
Figure 7 SCOT/BSR-MDEA (or clone) TGCU
REFERENCES: PATENTS
US4333855_PROMOTED_ZINC_TITANATE_CATALYTIC_AGENT
US4394297_ZINC_TITANATE_CATALYST
US6338794B1_DESULFURIZATION_ZINC_TITANATE_SORBENTS
Oil and Gas process and SAP PRA overview
from Verity Solutions
http://www.verity-sol.com
Oil network, Gas network
Oil and Gas production process
PRA delivery network
SAP PRA introduction process
Overflows and Gravity Drainage Systems
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
5 DESIGNING FOR FLOODED FLOW
6 DESIGNING NON-FLOODED PIPELINES
6.1 Vertical Pipework
6.2 From the Side of a Vessel
6.3 Established (uniform) Flow in Near-horizontal Pipes
6.4 Non-uniform Flow
7 NON-FLOODED FLOW IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS
8 ENTRAINING FLOW
9 SIMPLE TANK OVERFLOWS
9.1 Venting of the Tank
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
11 NOMENCLATURE
TABLE
1 GEOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS OF PART-FULL PIPES
FIGURES
1 TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF SURGING FLOW
2 DESIGNING FOR FLOODED FLOW
3 CAPACITY OF SLOPING PIPELINES
4 OVERFLOW FROM SIDE OF VESSEL
5 METHODS OF AVOIDING LARGE CIRCULAR SIDE
OVERFLOWS
6 CAPACITY OF A GENTLY SLOPING PIPE AS A FUNCTION OF LIQUID DEPTH
7 COMPLEX PIPE SYSTEMS
8 REMOVAL OF ENTRAINED GASES
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Basic-TEG Dehydration Glycol Regeneration Process
1. TEG Dehydration and Glycol Regeneration Process
Presented By Supervised By
Ngwe Min Thein Dr. Zaw Min Oo
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY THANLYIN
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Date : 23/7/2018 (Monday)
3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 1
2. Presentation Outline
1. Aim & Objective
2. Solid Adsorption Dehydration
3. Handling Capacity of the Molecular sieve Dehydration unit
4. Tri-Ethylene Glycol Demand For Gas Dehydration Industry
5. The Most Usable Method
6. Roll of Dehydration in the Oil and Gas Production
7. TEG Dehydration & Glycol Regeneration Process Equipment
8. Gas Mole Percent of Total & PTTEP (OGC Result)
9. What is OGC ?
3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 2
3. Aim and Objective
Aim
➢To known about Tri-Ethylene Glycol Dehydration Equipment.
Objective
➢To known the roll of TEG usage in the natural gas industry
➢ To known about the Process and regeneration equipment.
➢To known about gas Mole percent and GCV relationship.
3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 3
4. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 4
Solid Adsorption Method
➢The solid adsorption method is use to dehydrate with solid desiccant .
➢The desiccant material become saturated as moisture is absorbed onto its surface.
➢A good desiccant should therefore have the greatest surface area available for adsorption.
➢The mechanisms of adsorption on a desiccant surface are two types: Physical and chemical.
➢Chemical adsorption processes find very limited application in gas processing.
➢This section considers only physical adsorption, and all reference to adsorption mean physical
adsorption.
➢There are two type of solid adsorption materials, they are
1. Silica gel and
2. Molecular Sieve
5. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 5
Solid Adsorption Method
➢The adsorption of water vapor from a gas stream is added a solid to dehydration process.
➢At least two bed type are required for solid adsorption method.
➢Once bed is in adsorption phase and the other is in the regeneration phase.
➢As the bed adsorb water it become saturated, and that portion of the bed can do longer
adsorb water.
➢Once the entire bed is saturated with water, the bed must be regenerated.
6. 6 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS
Gas Compressor
Water
Knockout
Water
Regen gas cooler
Wet
feed gas
Regeneration gas
Dry gas
Regeneration gas
Inlet
Separator
Adsorbing Regenerating
Regenerating
and Cooling
Regen Gas Heater
Valve Open
Valve Close
Water
Silica
Gel
7. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 7
Silica Gel for other purpose
Silica Gel for Dehydration
8. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 8
Gas Compressor
Water
Knockout
Water
Regen gas cooler
Wet
feed gas
Regeneration gas
Dry gas
Regeneration gas
Inlet
Separator
Adsorbing Regenerating
Regenerating
and Cooling
Regen Gas Heater
Valve Open
Valve Close
Water
Molecular
Sieve
9. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 9
Handling Capacity of the Molecular sieve Dehydration unit
➢Handling capacity are very important for a processing industry.
➢If daily product from a gas field is 400 MMscf/d. But a processing vessel and
components had just 200 MMscf/d handling capacity of gas volume.
➢In this situation, the gas is not properly treated. This processing need more
handling capacity of gas volume.
➢ So, required more vessels and components.
➢But, Solid adsorption method of dehydration system will need twice of it
handling volume. Because of the system requirement absorbing and
regenerating mood.
10. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 10
Adsorbing RegeneratingAdsorbing Regenerating
400 MMscf/day
200MMscf/day
200MMscf/day
Handling Capacity
of the bed and
vessel
Handling Capacity of the Molecular sieve Dehydration unit
11. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 11
Four Bed Gas Dehydration System
The World Biggest Four Parallel Bed Type
Dehydration Unit. Operated by Saudi
Aramco (Oil & Gas Company)
12. 3/7/2020
Tri-Ethylene Glycol Demand For Gas Dehydration Industry
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
TEG DEMAND FOR GAS DEHYDRATION
COMPARISON BY YEARLY
TEG Demand
TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 12
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/triethylene-glycol-market/request
16. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 16
Free water Knock Out ( Three Phase Separator)
➢The Free water knockout vessel is a three phase horizontal
separator use to separate free water and other contamination
from the gas.
➢This vessel is the first separator for separated the gas
produced from the well.
➢Free water knockout vessels are mainly prevent the effect
of slug flow along the processing sequences.
Inlet Diverter : This is use to changing the direction of the gas and water.
Weir : Use to separate the condensate and water.
18. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 18
Rough Gas Filter Separation ( 10 Micron Filter )
➢ The filter skid is use for impurities
separation purpose
➢ (10 micron) filters are installed in the
RGFS (Rough Gas Filter Separation)
Vessel.
➢ In this vessel section we will need to watch
and checked the vessel design pressure and
differential pressure.
➢ Because the filter capacity is depended on
the differential pressure of the vessel inlet
and outlet.
Fig-Rough Gas Filter separator in the Daw
Nyein PLC
19. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 19
Fig-The new filter Fig-Filter, after using in the
separation process
Rough Gas Filter Separation ( 10 Micron Filter )
Coalescing
Filter
20. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 20
Glycol Contactor
➢Glycol contactors are the main vessel of the TEG gas dehydration.
➢This is the mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid is such that the outlet gas is at the
desired water specification.
➢The contactor (also called an absorber) is the workhorse of the dehydration unit.
➢It is the contactor that the gas and liquid are mixed and the actual water removal takes
place.
➢The outlet gas water content specification is the key to determine the contactor height.
➢The contactor is make up of a number of equilibrium stages.
➢The actual stages could be use (1) Bubble caps trays, (2) Structural packing, and (3)
Random Packing.
21. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 21
Glycol Contractor
Bubble caps tray
Random Packing
23. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 23
Flush Drum
➢Flush drum is usually like a horizontal separator.
➢It is use to separated gas/liquid mixture .
➢Mostly separated to liquid from gas. This is the
reason of flushing effected of the drum.
➢This drum is larger the diameter than in other type of
separator.
➢The flash Drum are flashed the volatile components
at a low pressure.
24. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 24
Solid (or) Charcoal Filter
➢ The filters are very important in the surface processing
facilities for cleaning.
➢ There are usually carbon filters and particulate filters.
➢ Carbon filter are designed to remove dissolved impurities
and BTEX compound.
➢ The BTEX compound are very poisons compounds.
➢ BTEX(VOC=Volatile Organic Compound) = Benzene,
Toulerene, Ethyl Benzene, xylenes
25. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 25
Distillation Vessel & Reboiler
➢Distillation Column and Reboiler are the heart of the TEG
Dehydration system.
➢This section is mainly use for distillation of the two
different boiling point liquid mixture.
➢The reboiler is heated the liquid mixture.
➢Reboiler temperature is need to control, because it use to
separated low boiling point liquid from the mixture.
Control
Penal
TC
Distillation tower + Reboiler
Vapor
26. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 26
Distillation column and Reboiler
Control
Penal
TC
Distillation tower + Reboiler
Vapor
Fire Tube
27. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 27
Stripping Column
➢Stripping Column is not commonly use.
➢But this unit is more stronger than the glycol
purity.
➢So, this unit is mainly use in the TEG
Stripping Gas Method.
➢But, It have a disadvantage. The gas is not
fully dehydrate.
Low Pressure
gas
Glycol + Water vapor
Shatter
Outlet
28. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 28
Surge Drum
➢The Surge drum, is required that can handled any surges in the
circulation rate.
➢There is a need for a vessel that can absorb slight temporary differences
in circulation flow between the various vessels.
➢The liquid level in the surge drum is the very important in a process.
➢This type of vessel have a level indicator. Because of high liquid losses
in the treating gas.
➢In the TEG dehydration the Glycol level in the surge drum should be
about at the two-third full level.
Surge Drum
29. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 29
Surge Drum
Inlet
Outlet
LevelIndicator
LI
LAHH
LAH
NLL
LAL
LALL
➢ LAHH = Level Alarm High High
➢ LAH = Level Alarm High
➢ NLL = Normal Liquid Level
➢ LAL = Level Alarm Low
➢ LALL = Level Alarm Low Low
Alarm
PSV
Pump
31. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 31
What is OGC ?
➢OGC mean Online Gas Chromatograph
➢This is a gas mole percent calibration unit.
32. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 32
What is OGC
Online sample gas
Line
Carrier gas cylinder
Relative Pressure of
Sample and Carrier
35. 3/7/2020TEG DEHYDRATION & GLYCOL REGENERATION PROCESS 35
Completion Stage of TEG Dehydration and Glycol Regeneration Process
Ready to construct
20%
Finished
20%
❑ Literature Review (20%)
❑ Data Collection from Field (20%)
❑ Data Analysis (20%)
❑ Construct Process Flow Diagram (20%)
❑ Designation & Calibration of TEG Unit (20%)
Finished
20%
Finished
20%
Ready to calibrate
20%
Total = 100%
Finished = 60%
Remain = 40%