The document discusses solid desiccant dehydration. Solid desiccants like alumina, silica gel, and molecular sieves are commonly used to remove water from gas streams. They work by adsorption of water onto the desiccant surface. Key components of solid desiccant dehydration systems include adsorption towers filled with desiccant, a heater to regenerate the desiccant, and controls to direct gas flow during the adsorption and regeneration cycles. Design considerations include gas velocity, bed size, desiccant capacity, and pressure drop calculations.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production Process ; Production of LNG; LNG industry and Technology (or LNG Value Chain); Liquefaction :Train Size; Compressor Drive Efficiency; Transportation; Pipe; Shipping; Tanker; Major Natural Gas Trade Movements ; Regasification; Storage ; How much does LNG cost?
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide Gerard B. Hawkins
Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
ALL ABOUT NATURAL GAS : DEFINITION,FORMATION,PROPERTIES,COMPOSITION,PHASE BEHAVIOR ,CONDITIONING"DEHYDRATION ,SWETENING" AND FINAL PROCESSING TO END USER PRODUCTS
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production Process ; Production of LNG; LNG industry and Technology (or LNG Value Chain); Liquefaction :Train Size; Compressor Drive Efficiency; Transportation; Pipe; Shipping; Tanker; Major Natural Gas Trade Movements ; Regasification; Storage ; How much does LNG cost?
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide Gerard B. Hawkins
Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
ALL ABOUT NATURAL GAS : DEFINITION,FORMATION,PROPERTIES,COMPOSITION,PHASE BEHAVIOR ,CONDITIONING"DEHYDRATION ,SWETENING" AND FINAL PROCESSING TO END USER PRODUCTS
This is a full course about how the Amine Sweetening Unit works, and all the factors, operations, and problems related to this unit. This course was taken from the IHRDC institute.
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http://www.casepl.com/LifelongCoolingTowers.html
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The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
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2. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Solid Desiccant
Dehydration
Desiccants in common commercial use fall
into one of three categories:
Alumina - Regenerable aluminum oxide
base desiccant.
Silica Gel - Regenerable silicon oxide
adsorbent.
Molecular Sieves - Regenerable solid
desiccants composed of crystalline metal
aluminosilicates (zeolites).
9. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Typical Molecular Sieve Gas
Dehydration Vessel
NATURAL
GAS
CERAMIC
BALLS
FLOATING
SCREEN
ADSORBEN
PELLETS
CERAMIC
BALLS
DEHYDRATE
GAS
Wire Mesh size 20 Mesh (1 mm)
Ceramic ball size 1" 2 DM × 140 kg
Wire Mesh size 20 Mesh (1 mm)
Molecular sieve size 1/8"
28 DRM × 140 kg
Molecular sieve size 1/16"
20 DRM × 135 kg
Wire Mesh size 20 Mesh (1 mm)
Ceramic ball size 1/4 " 2 DM × 140 kg
Ceramic ball size 1/2" 2 DM × 140 kg
Ceramic ball size 1/2" 2 DM × 140 kg
Wire Mesh size 10 Mesh (3 mm)
Wire Mesh size 3 Mesh (8 mm)
Bottom grating Asbestos
Joint
Asbestos
Ring
Main Support Welded
Ring
Ring
About 5 DM
Man
Hole
Man Hole
3
supports
Internal
ladder
10. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Process Flow of Solid Desiccant Dehydrators
Filter Sep. F-2
H-1F/G
C-4
A/B
A-1
D-1CD-1BD-1A
V-1
C D
C D
Dry Gas To
Cooling Train
Feed
Gas
12. Solid Desiccant selection
Characteristics of solid desiccant
• Large surface area for high capacity .
• Possesses “activity” for the component too be
removed .
• Mass transfer rate is high
• Easily and economically regenerated good activity
retention with time
• small resistance to gas flow .
• High mechanical strength to resist crushing and dust
formation .
• Fairly cheap , non-corrosive , non-toxic , chemically
inert and possesses a high bulk density
• No appreciable change in volume during adsorption
and desorption , and should retain strength when
“wet” .
18. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Once the allowable superficial velocity is
estimated, the bed diameter can be
calculated for a design vapor rate.
In the saturation zone, molecular sieve is expected to
hold approximately 13 pounds of water per 100 pounds
of sieve.
New sieve will have an equilibrium capacity near 20%;
13%represents the approximate capacity of a 3-5 year
old sieve.
This capacity needs to be adjusted when the gas is not
water saturated or the temperature is above 75°F.
20. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Saturation zone
MOLE SIEVE CAPACITY CORRECTION FOR
UNSATURATED INLET GAS
MOLE SIEVE CAPACITY CORRECTION FOR
TEMPERATURE
21. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
The design pressure drop through the bed
is calculated using
DP = Pressure drop, psi.
L = Length of packed bed, ft.
V = Vapor velocity, ft/min.
μ = Vapor viscosity, cP.
ρ = Vapor density, lb/ft3
PD
------ = BμV + C ρ V2
L
CBDesiccant Type
0.00008890.05601/8 in. bead
0.0001240.07221/8 in. extrudate
0.0001360.1521/16 in. bead
0.0002100.2381/16 in. extrudate
23. Inlet and Outlet Temperatures During Typical Solid Desiccant
Bed Regeneration Cycle
24. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
An inlet gas stream separator/liquid coalescer.
Two or more adsorption towers (contactors) filled with
solid desiccant.
A high-temperature heater that provides hot
regeneration gas to reactivate the desiccant in the
towers.
A regeneration gas cooler that condenses water from the
hot regeneration gas.
A regeneration gas separator (knockout) that removes
the condensed water from the regeneration gas.
Piping manifolds, switching valves, and controls that
direct and control the flow of gases according to the
process requirements.
Function of Major Components
of Solid Desiccant Dehydrators
25. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
As with glycol dehydrators, inlet separators
protect the dehydrator from impurities such as:
free water, salt, compressor oils, hydrocarbon
liquids, paraffins, corrosion inhibitors, glycol,
amines, rust, iron sulfide, iron oxide, fractionation
sands, drilling mud, pipeline scale, and sulfur.
Inlet Separator/Coalescer
26. 14" Outlet
14" Inlet
2" Liquid outlet 2" Liquid outlet
Mist Extractor
38 Filter elements
second stage
liquid storage
Gas inlet
Gas outlet
Filter element detail
A
AView A-A
4.88 m
3 5/8" D. * 3' LG
1.07 m O.D.
40 cm O.D
4.27 m
First stage
liquid storage
Design Temp.
Design Press.
= 240 MMSCFD
= 66 oC
= 88 Kg/cm2
Capacity
30. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
The regeneration gas heater heats the
regeneration gas to about 300°C. Solid
desiccant dehydrators use many types of
heaters including salt bath, direct fired, hot
oil, and steam.
Regeneration Gas Heater
31. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Regeneration Gas Heater
Regen. Gas
3" In
3" Out
Regen Gas Coil
Drain
20" Salt Fill Hole
20" Salt Fill Hole
16"Stack
6.1 m
1.83 m O.D.
Fire Tube
Molten Salt
33. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Regeneration Gas Cooler
Regeneration gas coolers reduce the
temperature of the regeneration gas
to condense the adsorbed water and,
sometimes, hydrocarbons. Cooling
the regeneration gas also prepares it
for further processing.
34. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Regeneration Gas Separator
Regeneration gas separators remove
liquids condensed by the regeneration
gas cooler from the regeneration gas
Switching Valves
Switching valves direct the process
fluid and regeneration gas to the
appropriate component of the
dehydrator
35. Mohamed Abdelraof Saad
Instrumentation
The monitoring of solid desiccant dehydrators
requires a variety of instrumentation to measure
or control the following process variables:
Flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the process fluid
Water content of the product fluid
Flow rate and pressure of the regeneration gas
Inlet and outlet temperatures of the regeneration gas
Temperature of the regeneration gas leaving the
regeneration gas cooler
Adsorbent differential bed pressure
Cycle time controllers
