This document provides an overview of basic orthopedic surgical instruments. It describes the main categories of instruments used in orthopedic surgeries, including forceps, scissors, retractors, periosteal elevators, rongeurs, nerve hooks, curettes, and dissectors/probes. For each category, it provides details on specific instrument types, including their names, parts, uses, and images. The summary focuses on the instrument categories and does not include details on specific instrument names or uses.
Instruments orthopaedics for mbbs studentsTONY SCARIA
plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Radius square nail
DCP
dynamic hip screw
ulna square nail
prosthesis
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
This is a lecture presentation on applying external fixator on open fracture specially on tibia. This method is a classical method. Various new and dynamic fixators are there but the basics are the same.
Instruments orthopaedics for mbbs studentsTONY SCARIA
plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin plates
screws
cortical
cancellous
shanz pin
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
Radius square nail
DCP
dynamic hip screw
ulna square nail
prosthesis
derhums pin
k wire
k nail
This is a lecture presentation on applying external fixator on open fracture specially on tibia. This method is a classical method. Various new and dynamic fixators are there but the basics are the same.
Guidelines on the use of plaster of paris in fracture management. Quite useful for orthopedic residents, GPs, plaster techs, orthopedic care nurses, rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists
Guidelines on the use of plaster of paris in fracture management. Quite useful for orthopedic residents, GPs, plaster techs, orthopedic care nurses, rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists
Instruments in major oral and maxillofacial surgeryDrKamini Dadsena
A surgical instrument is a specially designed tool or device for performing specific actions and carrying out desired effects during surgery or operations.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
5. Cheatles forceps
No lock
Heavy metallic with curved blades
Used to pick sterilized instruments &
drapes to avoid touching
Transfering from one tray to another
Kept in savlon
6. Sponge Forceps
Used to hold gauze sponge to “mop
up” the surgical site
Jaws are serrated
7. 1x2 Toothed Tissue Forceps
• Single toothed on one side; fits
between two teeth on the other
side
• Available as 1x2 or 2x3 or 3x4
• Used to hold tough structures
like skin while suturing.
• Used to hold scalp while scalp
suturing.
8. Plain Thumb Forceps
• Used to gently move tissues out of the way
during exploratory surgery
• Used to insert packing into or remove objects
from deep cavities
• Used to hold delicate visceral organs
• Used to hold blood vessels and nerves
while dissecting.
9. Brown-Adson (thumb) tissue forceps
Adson-Brown Tissue Forceps are for holding and manipulating delicate tissues. These forceps have a
wide, flat thumb grasp area that is commonly serrated
10. Adson (thumb) tissue forceps
are thumb forceps used for holding
dressing materials such as cotton and
gauze during surgical procedures, changing
dressings, or packing wounds.
They have a wide thumb grasp for
increased precision and control.
11. Artery forceps/ haemostat
• Small mosquito / Halsted
• Medium spencerwell
• Largebailey forceps
Suturing
Catchhold of bleeding ponts
Straight/curved
12. Curved Mosquito Hemostat
• Used to hold delicate
tissue
• Used to compress
bleeding vessels
• Jaws are fully serrated
23. Needle Holder
• Used to hold and pass a suturing needle through
tissue
• Has groove to hold needle within jaws
• Criss cross striations
• Length of blade = length of box joint
34. • Mayo scissors have semi-blunt ends, a feature that distinguishes
them from most other surgical scissors.
• Straight-bladed Mayo scissors are designed for cutting body tissues
near the surface of a wound.
• Curved-bladed Mayo scissors allow deeper penetration into the
wound than the type with straight blades.
• The curved style of Mayo scissor is used to cut thick tissues such as
those found in the uterus, muscles, breast, and foot.
35. • Metzenbaum scissors are surgical scissors designed for cutting
delicate tissue and blunt dissection. The scissors have a relatively long
shank-to-blade ratio.
• Blades can be curved or straight.
• The blade tips are usually blunt.
43. SELF RETAINING RETRACTORS
• Weitlaner
• Adson
• Derrico
• Mollison
• Charnley
The type of retractor used depends on the depth of the
incision.
• Initially , Weitlaner retractors of different lengths are used
for retraction of the skin and muscle.
• As the wound deepens and lengthens, the Derrico retractor
or Adson Cerebellar retractor may be used.
48. Charnley Retractor
Also be known as the Initial Incision Retractor.
Is a self-retaining retractor, most commonly used during arthroplasty of the hip.
It is used when initial incisions are made and maintains exposure of the hip area so the surgeon has an
unobstructed view.
49. HAND HELD RETRACTORS
Commonly used when obtaining bone from the iliac crest for bone
fusion in the spine.
• Army Navy retractor
• Meyerding retractor
• Taylor retractor
• Langenbeck
• Volkmann Catspaw.
• Czerny Retractor.
50. ARMY NAVY RETRACTOR
• An Army-Navy retractor(manual) is used to retract shallow or
superficial incisions.
51. Meyerding Retractor
22.5cm/9" length
Meyerding Handheld Retractor is frequently used to hold back
tissue and muscle in spinal and neurosurgical procedures such
as laminectomy.
Blade size
50mm x 16mm
75mm x 25mm
90mm x 50mm
56. Nerve Root Retractor
• Used to retract nerve roots near the disc in laminectomies.
• Nerve root retractors have a crooked design so they can be
placed deep in the wound.
• Derrico nerve root retractor
• Caspar nerve root retractor.
59. COBB ELEVATOR
• Used to elevate and push the muscle away from the
bone to allow visualization of the spine.
• The Cobb elevator has various lengths of handles and
sizes of paddles.
61. Used to remove bone from smaller
areas of the spine.
• Variable jaw lengths including 1mm, 2
mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm.
• Two jaw slants (40 and 90 degree).
• Two types: Forward biting and
backward biting.
Kerrison rongeur
70. NERVE HOOKS
• Used to explore areas around the delicate nerves .
Three main nerve hooks are:
• Dandy blunt nerve hook, which has a short and blunt
design.
• Cushing Gasserian blunt nerve hook, which is longer in
length.
• Weary Black nerve hook, which has a thinner and more
pointed design.
73. DISSECTORS/ Elevators:
Used to elevate tissues or raise a depressed or sunken
piece of bone or to separate soft tissues away from nerves
and vessels.
Howarth Elevator
MacDonald Elevator/Dissector
74. Bone curette
It is used to scrape away and
remove fibrous tissue and other
debris from bone.
It may also be used to scrape and
remove small portions of
the bone itself.
78. Osteotome / Chisels / Gouges
• Used to cut, scrape, clean, scoop or sculpt the bone.
• They differ in the type of tip.
• Osteotome are beveled on both surfaces.
• A chisel has one beveled edge.
• Gouges have a cupped tip to scoop out bone material.
• They are used with a mallet.
84. Pedicle Probe- Straight with ball tipped)
• Used to sound the pedicle for any cortical breach in all four
quadrants.
• Also used to confirm wheteher there is any penetration to
vertebral body anteriorly during pedicle screw fixation.
