2. Introduction
► Basically social work is based on the
application of a rich knowledge base to
practice, SW can be described as an applied
academic subject with an essential practice
component and with distinctive subject
knowledge and skills, teaching, learning
and assessment methods, and subject
standards
3. ► It can be noted that much of the
knowledge for social work
originates from other disciplines
primarily social policy,
psychology, and sociology.
4. ► The knowledge base of social work includes
both formal and informal theories (Sibeon
1990). Formal theory is written down and
debated within the profession and academic
work. Informal theory consists of wider
theories and values that exists in society and
constructions from practical experience (Payne
2005)
5. ► In 2001 the International Federation of Social
Workers and the International Association of Schools
of Social Work stressed that Social Work is
promotion of Social change, problem-solving in
human relationships and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance well-being. The social
worker’s desire to facilitate a progressive change
process requires him/her to draw from his/her
knowledge of social conditions, social policies,
programs and services, social phenomena and
professional practice standards.
6. ► Taking into consideration, any social work
intervention should first establish a practice
framework that is consistent with the
profession’s purpose, values and ethics and
generates practice outcome that may be
considered successful having achieved the
goals of helping.
7. Social Welfare
► Organized system of social services and institutions aimed to
help individuals, groups and communities in the attainment of
satisfying standards of life and health. It also includes the
attainment of personal and social relationships which permit
the development of people’s well-being through the
development of their potentials and capacities. From a broader
perspective, social welfare includes those laws, programs,
benefits and services which ensure or strengthen provisions for
meeting social needs recognized as basic to the well-being of
the population and the better functioning of social order.
(Friedlander)
8. Social Work
► It is the profession which is primarily
concerned with organized social service
activity to facilitate and strengthen basic social
relationships and the mutual adjustment
between individuals and their social
environment for the good of the individual and
society. (R.A. 4373, Art. 1)
9. Social Wok According to IFSW
► It is a profession which promotes social
change, problem-solving in human
relationships and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance well-being.
► Principles of human rights and social justice
are fundamental to social work.
10. Three Major purposes of Social Work
► Promote the problem – solving, coping and
developmental capacities of people
► Enhance effective services and resources
► Link people to resources, services and
opportunities
11. Functions of Social Work
► Restorative (curative/remedial/rehabilitative) – to assist
individuals and groups to identify and resolve or
minimize problems arising out of disequilibrium
between themselves and the environment.
► Curative Aspect – seeks to remove factors which have
caused the breakdown in the person’s social functioning.
► Rehabilitative – tries to put back the person to a normal or
healthy state of social functioning.
12. ► Remedial which is concerned with the
provision of programs and services that could
alleviate a dysfunctioning or inadequacy or
total absence of the requirements for a decent
and meaningful existence. Remedial social
welfare is divided further into three types:
supplemental, substitutive and rehabilitative.
13. ► Preventive – involves early discovery, control
and elimination of those c on social conditions
or situations which may have a harmful effect
on social functioning.
► Developmental – to seek out, identify and
strengthen the maximum potential in
individual, groups and communities.
14. Five Attributes of the Profession
► Systematic Body of Theory – the skills that
characterized a profession flow from and are
supported by a body of knowledge that has
been organized into an internally consistent
system called a body of theory.
15. ► Social Work Theory is a combination of knowledge from
the social sciences and knowledge gained through the
years from practice experience.
► Theoretical knowledge – refers to the formal knowledge
about society, psychology, social policy, ethics and
values, and knowledge relating to service users and
carers.
16. ► Professional Authority – professional
judgement and authority are accepted and
respected by his/her client. Once a Social Work
graduate has passed the licensing examination
in accordance with Social work Law she is
registered and considered competent for the
beginning practice
17. ► Community Sanction - recognition of
professional authority is expressed not only in
the client- professional relationship but also in
the professional- community relationship.
18. ► The community sanctions a profession’s
authority by way of giving it certain powers
and privileges. Among these powers and
privileges are the profession’s control over its:
► Training centers
► Admission into the professions and
► Standards for professional performance
19. ► Regulative Code of Ethics – the professions
commitment to social welfare becomes a
matter of public record through its ethical
code. The code requires that the professional
social worker must provide service to whoever
request it.
20. ► Professional Culture – the profession
has its own culture as reflected in the
agencies where it serves, in its
educational and research centers and in
its professional associations.
21. Social Agency
► an organization, public or private or
quasi-public, which provides programs
and services to promote the well-being
of individuals, groups and communities
experiencing some difficulty in the
management of their affairs.
22. Social Provisions
► the means by which needed resources are
made available for the purpose of maximum
health and social functioning and development
of target groups. These are usually extended
through a social agency.
23. Development
► the process whereby a country deliberately
fosters economic abundance and social equity
through the orderly and wise utilization of
resources in order to attain a better life for all.
24. Social Development
► The process of fostering the growth and development of
the capacities of people in order to attain a better life for
all. This is achieved through a) the provision of
adequate resources for the conservation, protection and
improvement of human resources; b) provision of
sufficient opportunities for raising the levels of
living; and, c) ensuring a more equitable distribution of
goods and services.
25. Poverty
► A particular living condition primarily
characterized by deprivation of basic needs for
decent and meaningful existence. There are
two types of poverty, namely:
26. Poverty
► absolute poverty - the inability to sustain
life without assistance from the
government and/or community. Very
often, in underdeveloped or developing
countries, food is always listed as the
measure for determining the poverty line.
With this, the poor are those without access
to a certain standard of living and therefore
they need assistance from the government
or the community.
► relative poverty - the inequality in
income distribution that promotes social
stratification with some segments of the
population becoming very poor while a
few others are very rich. For instance,
conditions in the urbanized and
industrialized centers differ in contrast
to the conditions in an agricultural
region. Nevertheless, problems of
economic security and breakdown of
social control crop up in these areas at
differing levels. The rural folks may
still find self-sufficiency with the
informal “mutual aid” syndrome
working through the extended family.
27. Problem
► Usually referred to as a need that is not met or cannot be
fulfilled. Whatever form it may come about, a problem
affects the social functioning of the individual. It is best
to judge this situation as a problem if it meets the
following requirements: a) It is a condition or a social
situation b) that has been evaluated by persons as
undesirable, and 3) there is a basis for the evaluation.
28. Need
► It is a condition or situation in which
something necessary or desirable is felt by
the individual . Needs are basic to human
existence and, therefore, they should be met.
29. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:
► l) physiological: food, clothing, shelter, air, sex; 2.) Safety
and security needs: freedom from physical and psychological
deprivation; 3) Need to belong and be loved: craving for
affiliation, acceptance; 4) Esteem: need to have high regard for
one’s self, recognition, status and prestige, achievement,
self-respect; 5)Self-actualization: striving for self-fulfillment or
self-realization, the need to achieve what one is capable of
becoming. Two other needs have been added to the foregoing,
namely, cognitive: need for intellectual growth and advancement;
and ,aesthetic need to fill the need to appreciate beautiful things.
These follow esteem need.
30. Charlotte Towle’s “Common Human
Needs
► identified four categories of human needs that go with the
individual’s different stages of development. These needs
vary with age and circumstance of the individual. The
following are the needs identified by Towle: l) physical
welfare and personality development; 2) emotional growth and
development of intellectual capacity; 3) satisfying relationship
with others; and, 4) recognition for spiritual needs like
worship and being at a higher order.
31. How society responds to unmet
needs or problems?
► Individual and group effort.
These refer to a systematic and voluntary
efforts undertaken by individuals and / or
groups in response to the unmet needs of
people in a community.
32. ► Major societal institutions which have their
designated roles and responsibilities for
meeting human needs.
Ex. Family, church, government, cooperatives
and labor unions (these are major institutions
33. ► Social Agency- public or private
auspices, a social agency is a major
provisions for helping people with their
problems.
34. Social Policy
► A guide for a settled course of action affecting the social
relationship of individuals and their relationship to
society as a whole. It consists of collective decisions
directly concerned with the promotion of the well-being
of all parts of the population. Stated otherwise, social
policy is the underlying as well as the preferred rationale
by which social institutions and groups are used or
brought into being to ensure social preservation or
development.
35. Programs
► - A coordinated group of activities
maintained over a period of time aimed
at producing a specific type of service.
36. Services
► These consist of specific activities performed
to, for, or in behalf of the client. Such activities
touch the client directly.
37. Public Welfare
► Gleaning from the history of social welfare in
the Philippines, this refers to beginning efforts
on the part of the government to perform
regulatory functions over the many welfare
organizations in operation. The concept first
came into being during the American regime.
38. Rights
► These are rules which protect liberties or impose duties
on other people. Like morals, they govern social
relationships. There are rights intrinsic in man by virtue
of his humanity and his worth as a person, For instance,
everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for
the health or well-being of the person and his family.
This includes food, clothing, medical care , social
services, right to security and others.
39. People’s Participation
► voluntary involvement of people in self-determined
change. “People cannot develop if they have no power,
and development will occur ifpeople can organize their
own power, in their own interest.” This particular right
of the people and their organization which is very
essential in community organization and social
development was given legal sanction in Art. II, Sec. 23,
and Art. X111, sec.15 and Sec. l6 of the l987 Phil,
Constitution.
40. People’s Participation
► People are not mere objects of planning or a client or a
beneficiary. They are the causes and consumers of
development planning. In this sense, people’s participation is
a value. It is only when people are involved and can enter the
sphere of decision-making will they become willing to share
the burdens of change in society.
41. People Power
► The capacity of people moving as one to
influence the course of events or attain specific
objectives for the good of the majority through
non-violent means. It had its origin in the kind
of people’s organization’s action, a form of
social action, adopted from the method
employed by Saul Alinsky.
42. . Social Justice
► - The term refers to the equality of
opportunity for the full development of
each and every human being.
43. Two views or conceptions of
Social Welfare
► Residual formulation conceives of the social welfare
structure as temporary offered during emergency
situations and withdrawn when the regular social
system- the family and the economic system is again
working properly.
44. Residual Social Welfare
► When the normal sources of supply such as the
social institutions (ex. the family) are unable to
function adequately to meet the
person,s/population’s needs in times of crisis or
breakdown, social welfare programs and
services some in to meet such needs.
45. Institutional Social Welfare
► Institutional formulation sees social
welfare as a proper, legitimate
function of modern society.
46. Disaster Management
► It is a scientific way of responding to calamities consisting of
systematic gathering, analysis and dissemination of data for the
purposeful structuring of activities and conditions and timely
and coordinated application of resources and service delivery.
47. Networking
► A means of coordination among people,
groups, or organizations of various
interest and orientation, working
together as in a chain so as to function in
a specific manner.
48. It serves major purposes like:
► to avoid overlapping of services among
agencies involved in social development and
social welfare;
► to facilitate coordination for maximization of
resources of various agencies for
developmental work; and
► to build alliances for mass action.
49. Social welfare programs usually
fall under the following :
► Social Security – refers to the whole set of
compulsory measures instituted to protect the
individual and his family against the
consequences of an unavoidable interruption or
serious diminution of the earned income
disposable for the maintenance of a reasonable
standard of living.
50. ► Personal Social Services – these refer to service
functions which have major bearing upon
personal problems, individual situations of
stress, interpersonal helping or helping in need,
and the provision of direct services in
collaboration with workers from government
and voluntary agencies.
51. ► Public Assistance - refers to the
material/concrete aids/supports provided
usually by government agencies, to people who
have no income or means of support for
themselves and their families for reason such as
loss of employment natural disasters, etc.
