Bar code technology is an automatic identification system that utilizes dark bars and white spaces to represent specific information, enabling rapid and accurate data collection. It offers benefits such as reduced errors in data entry and improved resource management across various applications, including inventory control, retail, and healthcare. The document also describes bar code terminology, types of scanners, and applications in libraries, highlighting its importance in facilitating efficient operations.

2. BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY
BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY
 It is an automatic identification technology
 Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and white spaces
 Structured to contain a specific piece of information
 It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and rapidly
 Combination of barcode technology with computer and
application software improves performance, productivity and
profitability

3. Discrete Symbology
Discrete Symbology

4. Continuous Symbology
Continuous Symbology

5. DATA ENTRY TECHNIQUES
DATA ENTRY TECHNIQUES
 MANUAL
METHODS
– KEYBOARD
OPERATION
– 1 ERROR/300
CHARACTERS
 AUTOMATIC
METHODS
– OPTICAL CHARACTER
RECOGNITION
– MAGNETIC INK
– MACHINE VISION
– RADIO FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
– SMART CARDS
– BAR CODE

6. BENEFITS OF BAR CODING
BENEFITS OF BAR CODING
 REPRESENT UNIQUE IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT
 ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT (ERROR FREE)
 AID EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES
AND INVENTORIES
 LABOUR SAVINGS BY AVOIDING MANUAL
SYSTEM

7. BENEFITS …
BENEFITS …
 COST EFFICIENT
 REAL TIME DATA COLLECTION
 MEASUREMENT OF WORK IN PROGRESS
THROUGHOUT THE FACTORY
 RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS
 MORE ACCURATE DESPATCH

8. BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY
BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY
o BAR
- The darker, non reflective element of a Bar Code
o BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL
- A Bar Code symbol format which permits reading in
either direction across the bars and spaces
o CHECK DIGIT
- A calculated character included within the Bar Code for
error detection
o FIXED BEAM SCANNER
- A stationary Bar Code Scanner. The symbol must be
moved through the light beam to be read

9. TERMINOLOGY …
TERMINOLOGY …
HAND-HELD SCANNER
– A scanner held and operated by a human operator
INTER-CHARACTER GAP
– The space between the bars or spaces
MOVING BEAM SCANNER
– A Bar Code scanner that uses a moving light beam to
dynamically scan and decode a Bar Code symbol

10. TERMINOLOGY …
TERMINOLOGY …
SPACE
– The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code
START CHARACTER
– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the beginning of a Bar Code symbol
STOP CHARACTER
– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the end of a Bar Code symbol

11. Bar-code system
Bar-code system

12. Thermal Transfer Printer
Thermal Transfer Printer

13. BAR CODE SCANNERS
BAR CODE SCANNERS
A device used to extract information optically from a
Bar Code
Bar Code symbol consists of series of vertical dark
bars separated by light spaces
When illuminated reflected light is detected by
electro optical sensor
The intensity of reflected light from the dark bars is
less than that of spaces

14. SCANNERS …
SCANNERS …
Reflected light is converted into electrical
voltage signals
Analog voltages are digitized into raw data
The decoder converts this data into the character
data representation of the symbol’s code

15. TYPES OF SCANNERS (READERS)
TYPES OF SCANNERS (READERS)
CONTACT READERS
– Must touch or come in close proximity of symbol
– Good where the label cannot be placed in an easy-to-
view position
– Normally hand-held/stationary units
– Common type is pen/wand reader
– A high-density resolution wand used to read a low-
density symbol might see an ink spot as bar or an ink
void as a space

16. CONTACT READERS
CONTACT READERS …
…
A low-resolution wand may not be able to
recognise a narrow bar of high-density
symbol
Positioned angle of wand to the surface and
movement speed across the symbol are key
parameters

17. Contact Readers
Contact Readers

18. NON-CONTACT READERS
NON-CONTACT READERS
Reader need not come in contact with
symbol
Scan distance may be from 6” to several
feet depending upon symbol size and
scanner design
Hand-held, fixed beam readers

19. Table mounted fixed beam reader
Table mounted fixed beam reader

20. Table mounted fixed beam reader
Table mounted fixed beam reader

21. Hand-Held moving beam readers
Hand-Held moving beam readers

22. Fixed beam slot scanner
Fixed beam slot scanner

23. CCD Scanner
CCD Scanner

24. Portable Data Collection Equipment
Portable Data Collection Equipment

25. BAR CODE APPLICATIONS
BAR CODE APPLICATIONS
INVENTORY CONTROL
– Portable readers
WORK-IN PROCESS TRACKING (WIP)
COMPANY INVENTORY
– Raw materials
– WIP (Components, Assemblies, Semi finished
Products)
– Finished Products

26. APPLICATIONS …
APPLICATIONS …
SHIPPING
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
(EDI)
– Direct communication between computers of
two companies (Manufacturer & Vendor)
– Industry-wide EDI standards
– Reduces cost and saves time of business
transaction

27. APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS …
…
RETAIL APPLICATIONS
– Super markets
– Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners
– Universal Product Code (UPC)
– Price and description information
WARE HOUSING
HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS
– Drugs, devices, instruments
– Identification of expiry date
– Blood banking
Blood group
Expiry date
Donor traceability

28. APPLICATIONS …
APPLICATIONS …

29. BAR CODING IN LIBRARIES
BAR CODING IN LIBRARIES
EFFECTIVE LIBRARY NEEDS EACH
DOCUMENT BAR CODED
TWO LABELS PREFERABLY
LABEL TO CONTAIN
– Accession number equivalent Bar Code
– Call number
– Institution logo advantageous
ISBN BAR CODE COULD BE USED

30. BARCODING IN LIBRARIES …
BARCODING IN LIBRARIES …
 DATABASE PROGRAM LINKS THE BAR
CODE TO BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF
DOCUMENTS
 AUTHORISED ID CARD INCLUDES BAR
CODE
– Card could be used by library
– Institutional ID card
– Social security number
 BAR CODE READER INTERFACED TO
COMPUTER
 TRACKING OF BOOKS

31. INCORPORATING BAR
INCORPORATING BAR
CODE IN LIBRARIES
CODE IN LIBRARIES
THE TYPICAL SEQUENCE WOULD BE
– Database creation (OPAC)
– Generate Bar Code for all transact able
documents
– Bar Code membership cards
– Installation of suitable scanning equipment
– Set different criteria for transactions

32. ADVANTAGES OF BAR CODE
ADVANTAGES OF BAR CODE
IN LIBRARIES
IN LIBRARIES
 Quick and error free entry of access and
membership codes
 Ensures total integrity of collected data
 No queuing up at check out/check in counters
 Avoids piling up of data entry work for counter staff
 Aids generation of suitable reminders to delinquent
borrowers
 Stock verification made easy

33. Thank You