This document provides an overview of bananas, including their cultivation in Pakistan. It notes that bananas are the 4th largest crop worldwide and a staple food for many in Africa. In Pakistan, most bananas are grown in Sindh province, which accounts for 87% of area and 89% of production. It then discusses banana varieties, production requirements, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling, value addition processes, major growing districts in Sindh, and concludes with a SWOT analysis of the banana sector in Pakistan.

2. By
Abdul Moiz
Dept. of Food Engineering
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad

3. AN OVERVIEW OF BANANA
 BANANA is the 4th largest crop of the world.
 Banana is staple food for more than 70 million people in sub sharan africa.
 Banana is extensively grown in the lower part of Sindh(pakistan).
 The total share of Sindh province alone in its cultivation in the area is 87
per cent and 89 per cent in production.

4.  The area under banana cultivation at the time of independence was only
117 hectares and the production reported was 368 M tons.
 According to “Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2011”,out of 34,8000 hectares
32,2000 hectares were grown in sindh province.

5.  Sindh produced 127.4000 tones of banana.
 The average yield per hectare was 3957 kg in sindh .
 Average cost of production in sindh is RS 80,000 to RS 150,000.

6. AMAZING BOTANICAL FACT ABOUT
BANANA:
 Bananas do not grow on trees.
 The banana plant is classified as an arbores cent (tree-like) herb .
 The banana itself is actually considered a BERRY.
 The correct name for bunch of bananas is a HAND of bananas; a single
banana is a FINGER.

7. AGRONOMIC REQUIREMENTS OF
BANANA:
 TEMPERATURE: 27ºC FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH.
 HUMIDITY:60% IS PERFABLE.
 PH:LESS THEN 8 ,BETWEEN 5-7.
 FERTILIZER: THE DEMAND OF NITROGEN AND POTASH IS
HIGH IN BANANA.
 IRRIGATION: AFTER 3 DAYS UNDER HIGH EVAPORATION
CONDITIONS, 15 DAYS UNDER LOW EVAPORATION CONDITIONS.

8. THREE KEY TIPS FOR HARVESTING:
 Harvest the fruit during the cool part of the day when possible.
 Shade the fruit during transport to the packing shed.
 Avoid delays in transporting the fruit to the packing shed.

9. TOOLS UTILIZED IN HARVESTING
OF BANANA:
 The curved blade knife is used to cut the bunch when the fruit is not so high
in the tree.

10.  Otherwise it is necessary to use a long pole ended with a similar knife.

11. HARVESTING IS NOT THE END
OF CARING FOR THE BANANAS:
 Carefully place individual green hands in plastic bags along with
another ripening fruit, such as a red apple. The ripening fruit emits
ethylene gas that the green banana uses to ripen.
 Place the bag in a dark area, such as a cabinet. Do not place in a
refrigerator.
 The banana in the plastic bag should be removed in 24 to 48 hours
and be allowed to finish ripening on its own.

13. POST HARVEST LOSSES :
According to an estimation 10 to 40% of total produce is lost after
harvesting:
REASONS OF POST HARVEST LOSSES:
 Unskilled and Un educated labor
 Wrong use of technology (wrong operation of machinery)
 Wrong or delayed harvesting
 Early or delayed marketing
 Poor storage conditions
 Winter season

14. CONTROL STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE
POST HARVEST LOSSES IN BANANA:
 Post harvest losses in banana can be minimize by following these strategies:
Minimizing bruising
 Prompt cooling to 14°C (58°F)
 Proper sanitation of handling facilities
 Hot water treatments [such as 5 minutes in 50°C (120°F) water]
 By providing Fungicide (such as Imazalil) treatment to control crown rot

16. POSTHARVEST PROCESSING OR
VALUE ADDITION OF BANANA:
WHAT IS VALUE ADDED??
 Value added describes what happens when you take a basic product and
increase the value of that product (and usually also the price) by adding
extras in the manufacturing process, or by taking extra products and/or
services.

17.  An activity is considered value added when some customer is willing to pay
more for the additional output.

18. WHY VALUE ADDED:
 For better income.
 For improved processing utilization
 To keep in-phase with customer need
 To provide variety of products
 To increase shelf life of fresh fruit and vegetable

19. VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS OF
BANANA:
 Banana figs
 Banana puree
 Banana powder
 Banana flour
 Banana jam
 Banana beverages

20. MAJOR DISTRICTS OF BANANA
CULTIVATION IN SINDH ARE:
 Major districts in Sindh where banana is grown are
 Thatta
 Hyderabad
 Badin
 Mirpurkhas
 Sangar
 Nawabshah
 khair pur and sukkhar.

21. MAJOR VARIETIES GROWN IN
SINDH ARE:
 CAVENDISH DWARF (BARSAI) 98% (CONVENTIONAL VARIETY)

22. TISSUE CULTURED VARIETIES
GRAND NINE BANANA WILLIAM HYBRID

23.  Work is being done on three Chinese cultivar in PARC, islamabad
 PISHANG
 B-10
 W-11

24. WHY CONVENTIONAL VARIETY IS
PREFERED ??
 Free of cost.(Suckers)
 Initial extra care is required in tissue culture varieties.
 Increased cost of production in case of TC variety.
 Chances of damages, during transportation. (TC variety)

25. MARKET ANALYSIS:
 Banana being perishable fruit needs careful handling, quick transport, sound
packing and completions of operations on time.
 There are several factors which influence the efficiency of fruit marketing ,it
includes rotting of products, seasonal viability ,quality , price and location.
 Banana producers avoid marketing because of perishable nature and
unreliable prices.

26. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS:
 Lack of modern technology and machinery.
 Only few big farmers are using new technology.
 Farmers feels hesitation for the use of new machines.
 Sad but true there is no research institute in sindh to solve the problem of
growers.

27. SWOT ANALYSIS OF BANANA
SECTOR:
 STRENGTHS:
 Availability of cheap labor.
 Fertile land.
 Interest of farmers and landowners in this sector.
 Availability of local and international markets.

28.  WEAKNESSES:
 Lack of awareness
 Character of middlemen and contractor.
 Bad infrastructure.
 Lack of information about new technologies.

29.  OPPORTUNITIES:
 Increasing demand locally and international markets.
 Introduction of new technologies
 New research and development in this sector.
 New research and techniques to control disease.

30.  THREATS:
 Perishable product.
 Viral diseases.
 Post harvest handling.
 Plantation of unhealthy plants.

31. FAO- STATISTIC 2011-2012

32. BANANA WORLD IMPORT AND
EXPORT STATISTIC:

33. BANANA- WORLD IMPORT PRICES:

34. BANANA WHOLESALES PRICES:

35. BANANA RESALES PRICES:

36. BANANA EXPORTS (WORLD
STATISTIC):

37. BANANA EXPORTS BY REGION:

38. BANANA EXPORTS-MAJOR
COUNTRIES:

39. BANANA IMPORTS (WORLD
STATISTIC):

40. BANANA IMPORTS BY REGION:

41. BANANA IMPORTS MAJOR
COUNTRIES:

42. THANK YOU