Description of Ballasting Methods ,Need & Types Power Tillers Working, Components, Mechanism ,Powerflow Diagram.

1. Ballasting & Power Tillers
Prepared By: Submitted To:
Yash A. Lad Prof. Pragna patel
(1719MEAE30006)
Special Purpose Vehicles

2. Content
Ballasting
Introduction
Types
Methods
Need of Ballasting
Power Tillers
Introduction
Components
Transmission Power-
flow Diagram
Operation

3. Introduction: Ballasting
 To understand ballasting better you need to know about the
working of a tractor.
 A tractor has bigger rear wheels as it's a vehicle that requires
higher torque. The basic guiding principle is as follows:
Power = Torque * Angular velocity
 So when you think of cars they have more angular velocity or the
rate of rotation of the wheels is very high. While a tractor owing
to it's bigger tyres has more torque.
 So for the same power a car runs faster but a tractor generates
more torque; Which is Partly the reason for a tractor being slow
on road( though on a well levelled road it can go up to speeds of
40 km/hr or sometimes even faster).

4. Why is torque required?
 A tractor has to work in field, pulling implements or pull trolley
(having heavy loads) on roads.
 So basically you need the ability to pull. That's where torque is
helpful.
 The entire engine construction and transmission is also designed
to generate higher torque.

5. What exactly is ballasting?
 So going from the torque point of view you can increase the torque
by:
1) Increasing the size of tyres( but only to an optimum level)
2) Add weight on the rims of the wheel, thus increasing weight of
the wheel (This is the most popular method).
 This process of adding weight to the rear tyres or rear tyre rims is
called ballasting. It helps the tractor to reduce slipping of rear tyres
thus improving the pulling power.
 This can be done by:
1) Adding weights in each of the rear rims (mostly circular weights of
25–35 kg)
2) Adding water inside the rear tyres (sounds different but is actually
a cheap and effective way to increase torque)

6. Ballasting Types:
Normal Ballasting:
 The only reason for ballasting is to control wheel slip.
 Tractor slip should optimally run at 10 to 15% for two-wheel
drive (2WD) tractors and 8 to 12% for four-wheel drive (4WD) or
front wheel assist (FWA) equipped units.
 These measurements apply only when the tractor is delivering
full power.

7. Over Ballasting:
 Over ballasting is by far the most common error.
 If your tractor is over ballasted, you'll probably find that it feels
doggy or sluggish, burns more fuel than it should, and will
experience premature drive train problems.
Under Ballasting:
 An under ballasted tractor is really no better.
 This condition wears tire tread at an accelerated rate due to the
excessive slip, while never really delivering full horsepower to
the drawbar.
 Again, fuel is wasted, because of the many extra wheel
revolutions made to travel the same distance.

8. Methods:
 A grain elevator scale is a good way to check your actual
weight. Or, you can usually get your tractor's shipping weight,
complete with additional equipment, from your dealer.
 These figures are intended as a starting point only; actual
measured wheel slip, at full power, is the real determining
factor for optimum performance.
An alternate method, that's just as accurate, has you measure
the distances, loaded and unloaded, for the same number of
wheel turns each time.
 If your tractor is a newer one, it may have a radar sensor with
additional electronics that will tell you "actual slip" on the go.
 Regardless of your measurement procedure, you should use
the actual wheel slip for your tractor in your conditions to
determine proper ballasting.

10. Why do we need ballasting?
 Mostly it's done during puddling (The process of tilling or rather
mixing soil with water in the field).
 Pudding requires higher torque and is one of the difficult
operations done by a tractor.
 There are many other operations that require ballasting too like
deep ploughing etc.

11. Power Tiller(1)
 It is a prime mover in which the direction of travel and its control
for field operation is performed by the operator walking behind
it. It is also known as Hand tractor or Walking type tractor.
 The concept of power tiller came in the world in the year 1920.
Japan is the first country to use power tiller on large scale.
 In Japan , the first successful model of power tiller was designed
in the year 1947.
 Production of power tiller rapidly increased during the year 1950
to 1965.
 Power tiller was first introduced in India in the year 1963.

12. Power Tiller(2)
 Manufacturing of several makes of power tillers like Iseki, Sato,
Krishi, Kubota, Yanmar and Mitsubishi were started in India
after 1962 In agricultural power tillers are used for ploughing,
sowing, spraying, harvesting and transporting works.
 It is the most wanted machine for puddling operation in rice
cultivation.
 Power tiller may be called a single axle walking type tractor,
though a riding seat is provided in certain designs.
 Average size of holding in India is about 2.5 hectares.
 There are 89% of total land holdings of less than six hectares.
Under such conditions, power tiller may be useful as a power
unit.

13. Power
Tiller

14. Components
1) Engine____________ (Diesel Engine Or Kerosene Engine)
2) Transmission gears__ (Gear Type Or Belt Type)
3) Clutch____________ (Friction Clutch Or V-Belt Tension Clutch)
4) Brakes____________ (Inner side expansion type brake)
5) Rotary unit________ (Centre drive type Or Side drive type)
 All power tillers are fitted with an I.C. engine.
 V-Belt Tension Clutch_ High Efficiency & Works as Shock Absorber

15. Transmission Power Flow Diagram
 The flow diagram for transmission of power is given below:
(1) (2)
Engine
Main Clutch
Transmission Gears
Steering Clutch
Wheels
Engine
Main Clutch
Tilling Clutch
Tilling Attachment

16. Operation
 The main clutch is a lever on the handle.
 The lever can be shifted to on or off position while operating in
the field.
 When the lever is shifted to on position, the power from the
engine is transmitted through the main clutch to the various
parts of the power tiller.
 When the lever is shifted to off position the power from the
engine is cut-off from the rest of the transmission.

17. Thank
You…