Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Routine maintenance involves complete replacement of equipment based on time intervals without any inspections. This is also a common maintenance strategy applied to industrial equipment, for example, for the replacement of filters and wearing components
There are different types of heavy equipment that are used for construction purposes. Tractors are one of them. There are different types of tractors discussed in this ppt.
TRACTOR POWER REPORT -AE 215 SOURCES OF FARM POWER 2018musadoto
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great variety of tasks. Agricultural implements 0may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
The word Tractor is derived prior to 1900, the Machine were known as traction motor (pulling-machine).After the year 1900 both the words are joined by taking ‘Tract’ from Traction and ‘Tor” from motor calling it a Tractor.
In our Country tractors were started manufacturing in real sense after independence and at present we are self-sufficient in meeting demand of country’s requirement for tractors. Our country is basically an agricultural country where 75% of our population is directly or indirectly connected with agriculture. This cannot be produced with our conventional bullock pulled agricultural implements. Tractor is one of the basic agricultural machines
used for speeding up agriculture production.
There are two main types of hydraulic power transmission systems: hydrokinetic, such as the hydraulic coupling and the hydraulic torque converter, which use the kinetic energy of the liquid; and hydrostatic, which use the pressure energy of the liquid. The hydraulic coupling is a device that links two rotatable shafts.
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
Factors affecting selection of equipment's
Size required for a given job.
Kind of job for which it will be used
Type of footing over which it will travel or its requires high or low tractive efficiency
Firmness of haul road
Smoothness of haul road
Slope of haul road
Length of haul road
Tractors are machines that converts engine energy into tractive energy ( Pull or push)
Types
1. Crawler Type Tractors
2. Wheel Type Tractors
1. Two wheel type tractors
2. Four wheel type tractors
Construction method of steel structure space frame .pptxwendy cai
High-altitude bulk installation refers to the method of total assembling of small assembled units or loose parts directly in the design position, applicable to the installation of space structure such as space frame and reticulated shell.
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Routine maintenance involves complete replacement of equipment based on time intervals without any inspections. This is also a common maintenance strategy applied to industrial equipment, for example, for the replacement of filters and wearing components
There are different types of heavy equipment that are used for construction purposes. Tractors are one of them. There are different types of tractors discussed in this ppt.
TRACTOR POWER REPORT -AE 215 SOURCES OF FARM POWER 2018musadoto
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great variety of tasks. Agricultural implements 0may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
The word Tractor is derived prior to 1900, the Machine were known as traction motor (pulling-machine).After the year 1900 both the words are joined by taking ‘Tract’ from Traction and ‘Tor” from motor calling it a Tractor.
In our Country tractors were started manufacturing in real sense after independence and at present we are self-sufficient in meeting demand of country’s requirement for tractors. Our country is basically an agricultural country where 75% of our population is directly or indirectly connected with agriculture. This cannot be produced with our conventional bullock pulled agricultural implements. Tractor is one of the basic agricultural machines
used for speeding up agriculture production.
There are two main types of hydraulic power transmission systems: hydrokinetic, such as the hydraulic coupling and the hydraulic torque converter, which use the kinetic energy of the liquid; and hydrostatic, which use the pressure energy of the liquid. The hydraulic coupling is a device that links two rotatable shafts.
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
Factors affecting selection of equipment's
Size required for a given job.
Kind of job for which it will be used
Type of footing over which it will travel or its requires high or low tractive efficiency
Firmness of haul road
Smoothness of haul road
Slope of haul road
Length of haul road
Tractors are machines that converts engine energy into tractive energy ( Pull or push)
Types
1. Crawler Type Tractors
2. Wheel Type Tractors
1. Two wheel type tractors
2. Four wheel type tractors
Construction method of steel structure space frame .pptxwendy cai
High-altitude bulk installation refers to the method of total assembling of small assembled units or loose parts directly in the design position, applicable to the installation of space structure such as space frame and reticulated shell.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Natalia Rutkowska - BIM School Course in Krakówbim.edu.pl
Teaching effects after 128 hours of Building Information Modeling course in Cracow, Poland. Natalia works in Revit, Navisworks and Dynamo for BIM Coordination position. More https://bim.edu.pl or https://bimedu.eu
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Laundry management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Laundry firms currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread throughout the laundry management infrastructure. Often information is incomplete or does not follow management standards. Records are often lost in transit during computation requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple copies of the same information exist in the laundry firm data and may lead to inconsistencies in data in various data stores.
A significant part of the operation of any laundry firm involves the acquisition, management and timely retrieval of great volumes of information. This information typically involves; customer personal information and clothing records history, user information, price of delivery and received date, users scheduling as regards customers details and dealings in service rendered, also our products package waiting list. All of this information must be managed in an efficient and cost wise fashion so that the organization resources may be effectively utilized.
We present the design and implementation of a laundry database management system (LBMS) used in a laundry establishment. Laundry firms are usually faced with difficulties in keeping detailed records of customers clothing; this little problem as seen to most laundry firms is highly discouraging as customers are filled with disappointments, arising from issues such as customer clothes mix-ups and untimely retrieval of clothes. The aim of this application is to determine the number of clothes collected, in relation to their owners, as this also helps the users fix a date for the collection of their clothes. Also customer’s information is secured, as a specific id is allocated per registration to avoid contrasting information.
A CASE STUDY ON ONLINE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT.pdfKamal Acharya
Online movie ticket booking system for movies is a web-based program. This application allows users to purchase cinema tickets over the portal. To buy tickets, people must first register or log in. This website's backend is PHP and JavaScript, and the front end is HTML and CSS. All phases of the software development life cycle are efficiently managed in order to design and implement software. On the website, there are two panels: one for administrators and one for customers/users. The admin has the ability to add cinemas, movies, delete, halt execution, and add screens, among other things. The website is simple to navigate and appealing, saving the end user time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Fruit shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The export maintenance system is a fully featured application that can help we manage fruit delivery business and achieve more control and information at a very low cost of total ownership.
A fruit export maintains automatically monitors purchase, sales, supplier information. The system includes receiving fruit from the different supplier. Customer order is placed in the system, based on the order fruit has been sales to the customer.
The report contains the details about product, purchase, sales, stock, and invoice. The main objective of this project is to computerize the company activities and to provide details about the production process at the fruit export maintenance system.
The demand of fresh fruit fruits and processed food items in international and domestic market has shown a decent increase. This estimation is creating a necessity for growing more and more fruit fruits to cater the growing demand of domestic & international market.
The customers effectively and hence help for establishing good relation between customer and fruit shop organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining fruit and stock information accurately and safely.
When the fruits are sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting fruits for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
The proposed project is developed to manage the fruit shop in the fruits for shop. The first module is the login. The admin should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
1. Tractors- Types
Transmission system- Clutch, Gearbox,
Differential and Final drive - Hydraulic
system
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or
tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines.
Its engine is also used as a prime mover for active tools
and stationary farm machinery through PTO or belt pulley.
Lecture - 04
2. Functions of tractor
Tractive power
- To pull and haul
Rotative power
To rotate
Hydraulic power
To lift and lower
propellsion power
To travel
Tractor power
3. TRACTORS
By use
By kind of prime
movers
By travelling
systems
By driving
systems
Farm
tractor
Forestry
tractor
Industrial
tractor
Military
tractor
I.C.E.
tractor
Steam
tractor
Electric
tractor
Wheel
type
Track/
crawler type
Half-track
type
Two wheel
drive
Four wheel
drive
4. Tractors : Classified based on
its power
• Up to 20 hp
• 21 - 30 hp
• 31 - 40 hp
• 50 hp & above
• 60 % tractor population in India is 31-40 hp
• In 1961 tractor manufacturing was started in India –
M/s eicher Good Earth
5. Tractor Development
• 1890 – George H. Harris of Chicago – patented a tractor
• 1906 – Gasoline Tractor – Charles W. Hart and Charles H. Parr, Iowa
• 1908 – First Winnipeg tractor trials were held
• 1911 – First tractor demo was held at Omaha (Nebraska)
• 1915-1919 – PTO was introduced
• 1920-1924 – All purpose tractor was developed
• 1936-1937 – Diesel engine and pneumatic tyre wheels were introduced
• 1950-1960 – Large scale manufacture of tractors
• 1960-1961 – Tractor manufacture was started in India – M/s eicher Good Earth
• 1962-1970 – TAFE- Madras, Hindustan- Baroda, Escorts - Faridabad, International Harvester- Bombay
• 1971 – Ford Tractor by Escorts
• 1973 – HMT Tractor
• 1974 – Pitti and Kirlosker Tractors
• 1975 – Harsha Tractors
• 1981 – Auto Tractors
• 1982 – Universal Tractors
• 1983-2003 – GCTL, MM, Sonalika, VST, L&T, Bajaj, etc
• Later – John Deere, New Holland, etc.
7. Parameters Automobile Tractor
Speed upto 200 kmph upto 35 kmph
Torque very low high
Total reduction ratio 16:1 100-200:1
Suspension Spring Without spring
Gear Synchromesh Sliding / constant/ syncro
No. of forward gears upto 5 upto 20
No. of reverse gears 1 upto 8
Front / Rear tyre size Same Different
Vehicle type On - road Off - road
Difference : Automobile vs Tractor
8. Parameters Automobile Tractor
Structure Normally closed Open
Engine type Diesel / Petrol Diesel
Accelerator Foot operated Foot / hand operated
Difference : Automobile vs tractor
Hydraulics Not available Available
9. CLASSIFICATION OF TRACTOR TYPES
S.No Parameters Types of tractors
1. Number of axles * one – Walking
* Two – Conventional, riding
2. Number of driven Axles •One –Conventional and Walking
* Two four wheel drive
3. Ground drive elements *Wheels and tyres,Lungs, strakes
* Track- Crawler,Track laying
4. Use of wheels *Traction –conventional
* Propulsion/cultivation-Power tiller
10. Classification
• Basis of Structural Design
– Wheel Tractor: Tractors, having three or four
pneumatic wheels are called Wheel Tractors. Four
wheel tractors are most common/popular.
– Crawler Tractor:. This is also called Track
Type or Chain Type Tractor. In such tractors, there is
endless chain or track in place of pneumatic wheels.
– Walking Tractor: Power Tiller is a walking
type tractor. This tractor is usually fitted with two
wheels. The direction of travel and its controls for field
operation is performed by the operator, walking behind
the tractor.
11. Classification of Wheel Tractors
Based on Purpose
• General Purpose Tractor: It is
used for major farm operations such as ploughing,
harrowing, sowing, harvesting and transport work.
This tractors have (i) low ground clearance, (ii)
increased engine power, (iii) good adhesion and (iv)
wide tyres.
• Row Crop Tractor: It is used for
furrow crop cultivation. Such tractor is provided with
replaceable driving wheels of different tread widths.
It has high ground clearance to save damage of
crops. Wide wheel track can be adjusted to suit
inter row distance.
• Special Purpose Tractor: It is
used for definite jobs like cotton fields, marshy land,
hill sides, garden, etc,. Special designs are there for
special purpose tractors.
12. Standard row crop tractor
• The Standard tractor was developed primarily for traction. It is
characterized by a drive through the two rear wheels, with
centre of gravity located at approximately one third the
wheelbase ahead of the rear wheels.
Row crop tractors, in addition to
being suitable for traction work,
are especially adapted for use in
row crops, allowing quick
attachment of various tillage and
cultivation tools as well as
implements for such tasks as
mowing and handling forages.
13. Four wheel drive with smaller front steering
wheel tractor
• The Four wheel drive tractor with smaller front
steering wheel is simply a standard or a row crop
tractor with the front wheels also being driven. In
regard to price and traction, this type of tractor falls
between the standard and the four wheel drive tractor
with equal sized wheels. This tractor has become
particularly popular in Japan because of its excellent
steering and traction characteristics in soft, wet rice
fields
14. Four wheel drive with equal sized wheels
and articulated frame steering tractor
• Four wheel drive tractor have been developed so as
to be able to produce more drawbar power. The size
of 4WD tractors varies from 100 kW to more than
3000 kW. Four wheel drive tractors can be steered by
pivoting the tractor in the center or steering wheels.
15. Lawn and garden tractor
• Lawn and garden tractors have power output of less
than 15 kW and are primarily designed for the care of
large lawns. They can tow or carry a lawn mower, a
sweeper, a snow blower, a bulldozer blade and many
other attachments. Because these tractors have very
low clearance and are designed for light duty use, they
are not generally used for agricultural production.
16. Utility tractor
• Utility tractors, generally have less clearance than standard
or row crop tractors. They are used for many jobs on the
farm or ranch and are often equipped with a front loader.
Atypical used for such a tractor is clearing a feedlot.
17. Multipurpose / Reversible tractor
A Multipurpose tractor is designed to operate
in either direction. It not only carries the
implement but also furnishes the power.
18. Skid steer loader tractor
• Industrial use but it is often used in agriculture
when turning room is restricted, such as in a dairy
or a fruit storage building.
• The skid steer cones from the method of turning,
which is exactly like that of a crawler.
• The wheels on one side are braked or reverse,
causing the tractor to skid on order to turn.
19. Selection of Tractor - Guidelines
Land holding 1 hp for 2 ha
Cropping Pattern 1.5 hp / ha (more than one crop)
Soil condition less wheel base or high ground
clearance, light or heavy soil
Climatic condition dry/hot/high altitude – air cooled.
Else water cooled
Repair facilities availability in local areas
Running cost less specific fuel consumption.
Specific fuel consumption is the
amount of fuel consumed by a
tractor or a vehicle for each unit of
power output).
Initial cost and resale value economic investment
Test Report Standards are adopted in
manufacture
26. Wheel Tractor – “Components”
• I.C. Engine
• Clutch
• Transmission Gears
• Differential unit
• Final drive
• Rear wheels
• Front Wheels
• Steering mechanism
• Hydraulic controls and hitch system
• Brakes
• Power take off (PTO) unit
• Pulley -
• Draw bar -
• Control panel -
Tractor Systems
28. Tractor Clutch
Clutch is a device, used to connect and disconnect the tractor engine from
the transmission gears and the drive wheels. Clutch transmits power by
means of friction between driving members and driven members:
Types: Friction clutch, Dog clutch and Fluid coupling
30. Sliding Gear
Transmission
If the engine power is constant, it is
obvious that for higher torque at wheels,
low spped is required and vice versa. So
the gear box is fitted between engine
and rear wheel for variable torque and
speed.
33. Differential
Differential unit is a special arrangement of gears to permit
one of the rear wheels of the tractor to rotate slower or
faster than the other.
34. Final Drive System
Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the power
trains between differential and the drive wheels.
It transmits the power finally to the rear axle
and the wheels.
35. Tractor Brake
Brake is used to stop or slow down the motion of the
tractor. It is mounted on the driving axle and operated by
two independent pedals. Each pedal can be operated
independently to assist the turning of tractor during the
field work or locked together by means of a lock. –
Mechanical brake / Hydraulic brake
36. Steering System
The System, governing the angular movement of
front wheels of a tractor is called Steering system.
38. Hydraulic and Three Point Hitch
It is a mechanism in a tractor to raise, hold or lower the mounted or
semi-mounted equipment by hydraulic means.
Position Control: Constant depth of ploughing is maintained by
automatic adjustment o draft of tractor. The control lever can be operated
directly by the driver to raise or lower or hold the implement, mounted on
the linkage at any chosen height.
39. Draft Control: The working depth of any implement can be
controlled continuously without the need for a depth wheel on the
implement. The hydraulic control valve reacts to the changes in the
loading in either the top or lower links which are due to changes in
the draft or pull required by the implement. If the implement goes too
deep its draft increases and is sensed through top or lower links.
The control system then raises the implement until the draft is back
to the present level and the implement is at the original depth again
using the draft control system
45. PTO / Belt Pulley
• PTO – is a part of transmission system. It has a shaft, a
shield and a cover. The shaft is externally splined to
transmit tortional power to another machine. As per
ASAE standards PTO speed is 540 ± 10 rpm. Another
PTO is at 1000 ± 10 rpm.
• Belt Pulley – to transmit power from the tractor to
stationary machine.
46. Control panel of Tractor has
• Main switch
• Throttle
• Decompression lever
• Hour meter
• Light switch
• Horn button
• Battery charging indicator
• Oil pressure indicator
• Water temperature gauge
47. Terms associated with Tractor
• Wheel base – horizontal distance between the
front and rear wheels
• Ground clearance – ht of lowest point of tractor
from ground
• Track – distance between the two wheels of the
tractor on the same axle at ground contact.
• Turning space – diameter of the smallest circle
– outer most point of tractor at < 2 km/hr with
steering wheels in full lock
• Cage wheels – spaced cross bars – for more
traction in wet field
49. Power take-off horse power (PTO hp)
It is the power delivered by a tractor through its
PTO shaft. In general, the belt and PTO horse power of a
tractor will approximately be the same. It is about 80-85 %
of tractor engine power.
Drawbar horse power (DB hp):
It is the power of a tractor measured at the end of
the drawbar. It is that power which is available for pulling
loads. It is 50-55 % of engine power.
50. Crawler tractor
• It is less important today in agriculture that it once was. It is
usually used on very soft soil or where stability of the wheel
tractor is problem. At one time crawler tractors were larger than
wheel tractors and thus they were used on some large farms.
Track frame assembly
Track chain
Steering clutch
Steering brake
51. Bull Dozer:
Primarily land leveling is done with the equipment
known as bull dozer. It is a high capacity self propelled field
machine for doing land development works. It is a crawler
tractor provided with two endless track instead of pneumatic
wheels. In the front it is provided with an adjustable dozer
blade for digging and moving the soil. For road transport, it
has to be mounted on a special trailer to avoid damage to tar or
concrete roads because of crawler tracks.
52. Power tiller or Walking tractor
• A Power tiller tractor is a two
wheeled tractor guided by
hand and used commonly in
the rice growing regions. The
power tiller is equipped with a
rotary tiller and powered by a
horizontal single cylinder
engine of 5 to 12 kW.
53. Depending upon the mode of operation, three
types of power tillers are there -
•Pull Type – This type of power tiller is used to pull
different types of farm implements.
•Tilling Type – This type of power tiller used to
drive the tilling device, such as rotary tiller or a
screw blade.
•General purpose Type – This type of power tiller
is used for number of farm operations, including the
types defined under pull type and tilling types.
•The power tiller now being marketed in our country
belongs to the general purpose type.
54. Power Tiller
• Engine
• Transmission gears
• Clutch
• Brakes
• Rotary unit
– Main Clutch-Transmission gears-Brakes-
Wheels-Rotary unit
55. Power Tiller - History
• 1920 – Concept
– Japan is the first country
• 1947 – First successful power tiller developed in Japan
• 1963 – Introduced in India
• 1962 – India – makes like Iseki, Sato, Krishi, Kubota,
Yanmar, Mitsubishi, etc manufactured
56. Uses of Power Tiller:
• Plowing
• Sowing
• Weeding & interculture
• Spraying
• Harvesting
• Operation of Thresher
• Hauling – Transport, etc