1) The document discusses balancing of rotating masses, including static and dynamic balancing of single and multiple rotating masses. Balancing is achieved by adding counteracting masses in the same or different planes to eliminate unbalanced forces and moments.
2) Methods for balancing a single mass include adding a single balancing mass in the same plane or two masses in different planes. Multiple masses can be balanced in the same plane using analytical or graphical methods.
3) Balancing multiple masses in different planes involves transferring masses to a reference plane and satisfying equilibrium of forces and moments in that plane.
The document discusses balancing of rotating masses. It explains static and dynamic balancing, and balancing of single and multiple rotating masses using balancing masses in the same plane and different planes. Methods for analytical and graphical determination of balancing masses are provided for single and multiple rotating masses. Conditions for static and dynamic balancing are outlined for cases where disturbing masses are balanced by masses in different planes as well as when multiple masses rotate in different planes.
Unit 4- balancing of rotating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
1. The document provides an introduction to different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. It discusses key terms used in gears such as pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum, and defines formulas for calculating values like circular pitch and diametral pitch.
2. Design considerations for gear drives are outlined, including power transmitted, speeds, velocity ratio and center distance. Strength calculations using the Lewis equation and factors for dynamic loading and wear are also covered.
3. The summary provides an overview of the main topics and concepts discussed in the gear document.
The document discusses balancing of rotating masses. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting mass distribution about its axis of rotation. It describes four cases of balancing: a single mass with a single mass in the same plane; a single mass with two masses in different planes; different masses in the same plane; and different masses in different planes. It provides details on balancing a single mass with one or two masses in other planes, including the conditions that must be satisfied. Finally, it mentions analytical and graphical methods can be used to determine the balancing mass magnitude and position.
The various forces acts on the reciprocating parts of an engine.
The resultant of all the forces acting on the body of the engine due to inertia forces only is known as unbalanced force or shaking force.
This document discusses free vibration in mechanical systems. It begins by defining free vibration as the motion of an elastic body after being displaced from its equilibrium position and released, without any external forces acting on it. The body undergoes oscillatory motion as the internal elastic forces cause it to return to the equilibrium position, overshoot, and repeat indefinitely.
It then covers key terms used to describe vibratory motion like period, cycle, and frequency. It describes the different types of vibratory motion including free/natural vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. Methods for calculating the natural frequency of longitudinal and transverse vibrations are presented, including the equilibrium method, energy method, and Rayleigh's method. Concepts of damping,
Unit 5- balancing of reciprocating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses balancing of rotating masses. It explains static and dynamic balancing, and balancing of single and multiple rotating masses using balancing masses in the same plane and different planes. Methods for analytical and graphical determination of balancing masses are provided for single and multiple rotating masses. Conditions for static and dynamic balancing are outlined for cases where disturbing masses are balanced by masses in different planes as well as when multiple masses rotate in different planes.
Unit 4- balancing of rotating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
1. The document provides an introduction to different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. It discusses key terms used in gears such as pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum, and defines formulas for calculating values like circular pitch and diametral pitch.
2. Design considerations for gear drives are outlined, including power transmitted, speeds, velocity ratio and center distance. Strength calculations using the Lewis equation and factors for dynamic loading and wear are also covered.
3. The summary provides an overview of the main topics and concepts discussed in the gear document.
The document discusses balancing of rotating masses. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting mass distribution about its axis of rotation. It describes four cases of balancing: a single mass with a single mass in the same plane; a single mass with two masses in different planes; different masses in the same plane; and different masses in different planes. It provides details on balancing a single mass with one or two masses in other planes, including the conditions that must be satisfied. Finally, it mentions analytical and graphical methods can be used to determine the balancing mass magnitude and position.
The various forces acts on the reciprocating parts of an engine.
The resultant of all the forces acting on the body of the engine due to inertia forces only is known as unbalanced force or shaking force.
This document discusses free vibration in mechanical systems. It begins by defining free vibration as the motion of an elastic body after being displaced from its equilibrium position and released, without any external forces acting on it. The body undergoes oscillatory motion as the internal elastic forces cause it to return to the equilibrium position, overshoot, and repeat indefinitely.
It then covers key terms used to describe vibratory motion like period, cycle, and frequency. It describes the different types of vibratory motion including free/natural vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. Methods for calculating the natural frequency of longitudinal and transverse vibrations are presented, including the equilibrium method, energy method, and Rayleigh's method. Concepts of damping,
Unit 5- balancing of reciprocating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses gyroscopic effects in ships. It defines key terms like bow, stern, port, and starboard in relation to a ship. It explains that a ship can pitch, roll, and steer due to gyroscopic effects from the spinning propeller. The direction a ship turns depends on whether the propeller is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise, and whether the observation is made from the bow or stern end. For example, with a clockwise spinning propeller, turning left from the bow end causes the bow to dip and the stern to raise.
This presentation discusses epicyclic gear trains and their applications. It begins by defining an epicyclic gear train as one where the axes of gears can move relative to a fixed axis. Examples of applications include differentials in automobiles and lathes. It then discusses methods to calculate velocity ratios in epicyclic gear trains using tabular and algebraic methods. Compound epicyclic gear trains using sun and planet gears are described. Epicyclic gear trains using bevel gears are also discussed, along with examples of their use in speed reduction gears and differentials. Finally, the presentation covers torques in epicyclic gear trains and how input, output, and holding torques are related.
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1. Calculate the centrifugal force due to revolving mass:
Fc = mω2r = 37 × (2π × 240/60)2 × 0.15 = 88.8 N
2. Two-thirds of reciprocating mass to be balanced:
m = 2/3 × 50 = 33.3 kg
3. Centrifugal force due to this mass at 400 mm radius:
Fc = mω2r = 33.3 × (2π × 240/60)2 × 0.4 = 176.8 N
4. Balance mass required = 176.8/88.8 = 1.99 kg
Dynamics of Machines - Unit III-Torsional VibrationDr.S.SURESH
This document discusses free vibrations, specifically torsional vibration. It begins by defining different types of vibrations including free vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. It then defines torsional vibration as circular motion of particles in a shaft or disc about the axis. The natural frequency of free torsional vibration is discussed and equations of motion are presented. Different rotor systems are examined including single, double, and triple rotor configurations as well as geared systems. Objectives questions conclude the document.
The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It describes static and dynamic balancing, where static balancing ensures the center of gravity remains stationary during rotation and dynamic balancing ensures the resultant moments are equal to zero. Types of balancing discussed include balancing a single rotating mass with one or two masses in the same or different planes, as well as balancing multiple masses in the same or different planes. Examples provided calculate the magnitude and position of balancing masses given masses, radii of rotation, and angular positions of unbalanced masses.
This document discusses the factors that affect the stability of a 4-wheeled vehicle while taking a turn. It describes how the gyroscopic couple produced by the rotating wheels and engine parts, as well as the centrifugal couple caused by the vehicle's velocity, produce vertical reactions on the wheels. An expression is derived for the limiting speed below which the vehicle will remain stable. The key factors that influence the limiting speed and potential for overturning are the vehicle's mass, center of gravity height, radius of the turn, wheel moment of inertia, and engine flywheel design. Maintaining a speed below the limiting speed and reducing these effecting parameters can help ensure the vehicle's stability during turns.
This document discusses various types of machine balancing. It begins by defining static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing deals with balancing forces when a machine is at rest, while dynamic balancing deals with balancing forces during motion. It then discusses balancing of single and multiple rotating masses, as well as reciprocating masses. Methods for analytically and graphically balancing multiple masses are provided. The document also covers balancing of engines with different cylinder configurations, including inline, V-shaped, radial, and locomotive engines. Partial balancing techniques are discussed for reducing unbalanced forces in locomotives.
gyroscope is a chapter of theory of machine. You can easily understand concepts of gyroscope in my ppt. All concepts are with suitable examples and graphics.
saurabh.rana2829@gmail.com
The document discusses balancing of reciprocating masses in engines. It explains that reciprocating parts produce both a shaking force and shaking couple due to varying inertia forces during the engine cycle. The purpose of balancing is to eliminate these effects and reduce vibrations. It describes how balancing masses are used to partially balance primary forces in engines with multiple cylinders arranged in a line. The maximum unbalanced primary and secondary forces and couples are calculated for a example 5 cylinder engine, and it is determined that these peak when the third crank is at 45 degrees position.
This document discusses different types of gear trains including simple, compound, reverted, and epicyclic gear trains. It provides details on the components, configurations, terminology, and methods for calculating speed and velocity ratios for each type of gear train. Key points covered include how simple gear trains involve one gear on each shaft, compound gear trains have multiple gears on a shaft, reverted gear trains have coaxial input and output shafts, and epicyclic gear trains allow shaft axes to move relative to a fixed axis. Formulas and a tabular method are presented for analyzing epicyclic gear trains.
1. The document discusses the dynamics of machines and introduces the key concepts of kinematics, dynamics, kinetics, and statics as the four main branches of the theory of machines.
2. It then discusses static and dynamic force analysis and introduces concepts like inertia forces and torques. D'Alembert's principle is explained which states that inertia and external forces together result in static equilibrium.
3. Methods for dynamic analysis of reciprocating engines like graphical and analytical methods are introduced. Key forces on reciprocating parts like piston effort, connecting rod force, thrust, crank pin effort, and crank effort are defined.
A clutch is located between the engine and gearbox and connects or disconnects the transmission of power from the engine to the rear wheels. There are two main types of clutches: positive clutches completely connect the two shafts, while gradual engagement clutches allow one shaft to rotate slower than the other during engagement. Common types of gradual engagement clutches include cone clutches, single plate clutches, and multi-plate clutches. Centrifugal clutches also use centrifugal force instead of springs and engage automatically based on engine speed.
The document discusses the history and development of gyroscopes from ancient times to modern applications. It then focuses on the gyroscopic effect on airplanes, explaining how the interaction between the spinning propeller and airplane turns causes the nose to dip or rise depending on whether the airplane is turning left or right. Examples are provided to illustrate the gyroscopic forces experienced during different maneuvers like taking off, landing, and executing turns.
1. The document discusses gyroscopic couple, which acts on a spinning object that is rotating about another axis.
2. It provides examples of gyroscopic couple in naval ships, where the spinning of propeller shafts affects steering, pitching, and rolling.
3. The document also examines the gyroscopic couple and centrifugal couple in vehicles like cars and motorcycles taking turns, and how this affects their stability.
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
The document discusses the design and fabrication of a multi-angular gearless mechanism. It begins with an introduction to power transmission and gear transmission systems. It describes the advantages of gearless transmission over geared transmission, including higher efficiency and flexibility to transmit power at various angles. The document then discusses the methodology used, which includes studying research papers, selecting materials, designing parts, modeling and simulation, and fabrication and assembly. It provides details of the various designed parts and working of the mechanism. The fabrication process involves measuring, cutting, grinding, drilling and assembling the various components.
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
This document discusses brakes and dynamometers. It begins by stating the purpose of brakes is to stop a vehicle in the shortest distance while maintaining control. It then describes the main types of brakes including drum, disc, internal expanding, hydraulic, vacuum, and air brakes. The document explains how hydraulic braking systems work using Pascal's law and the hydraulic advantage. It details the components and functions of master cylinders and wheel cylinders. Disc brake systems are also described along with their advantages over drum brakes. Several types of dynamometers are listed including absorption, transmission, driving, rope brake, Prony brake, hydraulic, and eddy current dynamometers. The document concludes with important questions about brakes and dynam
STRESS ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR BY USING ANSYS WORKBENCHSumit Nagar
The document discusses analyzing the stress on a spur gear using ANSYS Workbench. It begins by providing background on different types of gears and power transmission systems. It then describes spur gears in particular, including their structure, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The document outlines the objectives of performing finite element analysis on a spur gear model to minimize stresses at critical locations, validate results with experimental data, and compare to theoretical analyses. The goal is to optimize the gear shape to reduce stresses.
unit-4-balancing of rotatingmasses-.pptxManjunathtv2
This document provides an overview of balancing of rotating masses. It discusses:
1) What balancing is and why it is necessary, to eliminate unwanted inertia forces that can cause vibrations.
2) The different types of balancing - static and dynamic. Static balancing accounts for gravitational forces, while dynamic balancing accounts for inertia forces to reduce vibrations.
3) Methods for balancing a single mass, including with a single balancing mass in the same plane or two masses in different planes. It also covers balancing multiple masses rotating in the same or different planes using analytical and graphical methods.
Unit-6: Gyroscope, of Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses gyroscopic effects in ships. It defines key terms like bow, stern, port, and starboard in relation to a ship. It explains that a ship can pitch, roll, and steer due to gyroscopic effects from the spinning propeller. The direction a ship turns depends on whether the propeller is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise, and whether the observation is made from the bow or stern end. For example, with a clockwise spinning propeller, turning left from the bow end causes the bow to dip and the stern to raise.
This presentation discusses epicyclic gear trains and their applications. It begins by defining an epicyclic gear train as one where the axes of gears can move relative to a fixed axis. Examples of applications include differentials in automobiles and lathes. It then discusses methods to calculate velocity ratios in epicyclic gear trains using tabular and algebraic methods. Compound epicyclic gear trains using sun and planet gears are described. Epicyclic gear trains using bevel gears are also discussed, along with examples of their use in speed reduction gears and differentials. Finally, the presentation covers torques in epicyclic gear trains and how input, output, and holding torques are related.
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1. Calculate the centrifugal force due to revolving mass:
Fc = mω2r = 37 × (2π × 240/60)2 × 0.15 = 88.8 N
2. Two-thirds of reciprocating mass to be balanced:
m = 2/3 × 50 = 33.3 kg
3. Centrifugal force due to this mass at 400 mm radius:
Fc = mω2r = 33.3 × (2π × 240/60)2 × 0.4 = 176.8 N
4. Balance mass required = 176.8/88.8 = 1.99 kg
Dynamics of Machines - Unit III-Torsional VibrationDr.S.SURESH
This document discusses free vibrations, specifically torsional vibration. It begins by defining different types of vibrations including free vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. It then defines torsional vibration as circular motion of particles in a shaft or disc about the axis. The natural frequency of free torsional vibration is discussed and equations of motion are presented. Different rotor systems are examined including single, double, and triple rotor configurations as well as geared systems. Objectives questions conclude the document.
The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. It describes static and dynamic balancing, where static balancing ensures the center of gravity remains stationary during rotation and dynamic balancing ensures the resultant moments are equal to zero. Types of balancing discussed include balancing a single rotating mass with one or two masses in the same or different planes, as well as balancing multiple masses in the same or different planes. Examples provided calculate the magnitude and position of balancing masses given masses, radii of rotation, and angular positions of unbalanced masses.
This document discusses the factors that affect the stability of a 4-wheeled vehicle while taking a turn. It describes how the gyroscopic couple produced by the rotating wheels and engine parts, as well as the centrifugal couple caused by the vehicle's velocity, produce vertical reactions on the wheels. An expression is derived for the limiting speed below which the vehicle will remain stable. The key factors that influence the limiting speed and potential for overturning are the vehicle's mass, center of gravity height, radius of the turn, wheel moment of inertia, and engine flywheel design. Maintaining a speed below the limiting speed and reducing these effecting parameters can help ensure the vehicle's stability during turns.
This document discusses various types of machine balancing. It begins by defining static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing deals with balancing forces when a machine is at rest, while dynamic balancing deals with balancing forces during motion. It then discusses balancing of single and multiple rotating masses, as well as reciprocating masses. Methods for analytically and graphically balancing multiple masses are provided. The document also covers balancing of engines with different cylinder configurations, including inline, V-shaped, radial, and locomotive engines. Partial balancing techniques are discussed for reducing unbalanced forces in locomotives.
gyroscope is a chapter of theory of machine. You can easily understand concepts of gyroscope in my ppt. All concepts are with suitable examples and graphics.
saurabh.rana2829@gmail.com
The document discusses balancing of reciprocating masses in engines. It explains that reciprocating parts produce both a shaking force and shaking couple due to varying inertia forces during the engine cycle. The purpose of balancing is to eliminate these effects and reduce vibrations. It describes how balancing masses are used to partially balance primary forces in engines with multiple cylinders arranged in a line. The maximum unbalanced primary and secondary forces and couples are calculated for a example 5 cylinder engine, and it is determined that these peak when the third crank is at 45 degrees position.
This document discusses different types of gear trains including simple, compound, reverted, and epicyclic gear trains. It provides details on the components, configurations, terminology, and methods for calculating speed and velocity ratios for each type of gear train. Key points covered include how simple gear trains involve one gear on each shaft, compound gear trains have multiple gears on a shaft, reverted gear trains have coaxial input and output shafts, and epicyclic gear trains allow shaft axes to move relative to a fixed axis. Formulas and a tabular method are presented for analyzing epicyclic gear trains.
1. The document discusses the dynamics of machines and introduces the key concepts of kinematics, dynamics, kinetics, and statics as the four main branches of the theory of machines.
2. It then discusses static and dynamic force analysis and introduces concepts like inertia forces and torques. D'Alembert's principle is explained which states that inertia and external forces together result in static equilibrium.
3. Methods for dynamic analysis of reciprocating engines like graphical and analytical methods are introduced. Key forces on reciprocating parts like piston effort, connecting rod force, thrust, crank pin effort, and crank effort are defined.
A clutch is located between the engine and gearbox and connects or disconnects the transmission of power from the engine to the rear wheels. There are two main types of clutches: positive clutches completely connect the two shafts, while gradual engagement clutches allow one shaft to rotate slower than the other during engagement. Common types of gradual engagement clutches include cone clutches, single plate clutches, and multi-plate clutches. Centrifugal clutches also use centrifugal force instead of springs and engage automatically based on engine speed.
The document discusses the history and development of gyroscopes from ancient times to modern applications. It then focuses on the gyroscopic effect on airplanes, explaining how the interaction between the spinning propeller and airplane turns causes the nose to dip or rise depending on whether the airplane is turning left or right. Examples are provided to illustrate the gyroscopic forces experienced during different maneuvers like taking off, landing, and executing turns.
1. The document discusses gyroscopic couple, which acts on a spinning object that is rotating about another axis.
2. It provides examples of gyroscopic couple in naval ships, where the spinning of propeller shafts affects steering, pitching, and rolling.
3. The document also examines the gyroscopic couple and centrifugal couple in vehicles like cars and motorcycles taking turns, and how this affects their stability.
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
The document discusses the design and fabrication of a multi-angular gearless mechanism. It begins with an introduction to power transmission and gear transmission systems. It describes the advantages of gearless transmission over geared transmission, including higher efficiency and flexibility to transmit power at various angles. The document then discusses the methodology used, which includes studying research papers, selecting materials, designing parts, modeling and simulation, and fabrication and assembly. It provides details of the various designed parts and working of the mechanism. The fabrication process involves measuring, cutting, grinding, drilling and assembling the various components.
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
This document discusses brakes and dynamometers. It begins by stating the purpose of brakes is to stop a vehicle in the shortest distance while maintaining control. It then describes the main types of brakes including drum, disc, internal expanding, hydraulic, vacuum, and air brakes. The document explains how hydraulic braking systems work using Pascal's law and the hydraulic advantage. It details the components and functions of master cylinders and wheel cylinders. Disc brake systems are also described along with their advantages over drum brakes. Several types of dynamometers are listed including absorption, transmission, driving, rope brake, Prony brake, hydraulic, and eddy current dynamometers. The document concludes with important questions about brakes and dynam
STRESS ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR BY USING ANSYS WORKBENCHSumit Nagar
The document discusses analyzing the stress on a spur gear using ANSYS Workbench. It begins by providing background on different types of gears and power transmission systems. It then describes spur gears in particular, including their structure, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The document outlines the objectives of performing finite element analysis on a spur gear model to minimize stresses at critical locations, validate results with experimental data, and compare to theoretical analyses. The goal is to optimize the gear shape to reduce stresses.
unit-4-balancing of rotatingmasses-.pptxManjunathtv2
This document provides an overview of balancing of rotating masses. It discusses:
1) What balancing is and why it is necessary, to eliminate unwanted inertia forces that can cause vibrations.
2) The different types of balancing - static and dynamic. Static balancing accounts for gravitational forces, while dynamic balancing accounts for inertia forces to reduce vibrations.
3) Methods for balancing a single mass, including with a single balancing mass in the same plane or two masses in different planes. It also covers balancing multiple masses rotating in the same or different planes using analytical and graphical methods.
Unit-6: Gyroscope, of Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document discusses dynamics of machinery and includes sections on force analysis, balancing, and free vibration. The force analysis section covers static and dynamic force analysis, D'Alembert's principle, and analyzing forces in reciprocating engines. The balancing section discusses static and dynamic balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. Methods for balancing single, multi-cylinder, and V-engines are presented. The free vibration section introduces concepts of vibration systems including degrees of freedom, undamped and damped free vibration, and natural frequencies of single and multi-rotor shaft systems. Sample problems are provided on balancing multiple rotating masses and analyzing the vibration of a spring-mass system.
This document discusses balancing of rotating masses to minimize vibrations. It introduces the concept of balancing a disturbing mass on a rotating shaft by attaching an equal and opposite balancing mass. There are four cases of balancing discussed: 1) a single mass balanced by a single mass in the same plane, 2) a single mass balanced by two masses in different planes, 3) multiple masses balanced in the same plane, and 4) multiple masses balanced in different planes. The key is ensuring the centrifugal forces balance and any couples produced are canceled out to achieve complete dynamic balancing. Formulas for calculating balancing masses in different balancing scenarios are also provided.
Subject presiontation of dynamics of motionkgondaliya07
This document discusses balancing of rotating machinery. It defines balancing as reducing unbalanced forces in rotating parts to an acceptable level by modifying machinery design. Unbalanced forces are caused by inertia of moving masses and produce disturbing forces and vibrations. Balancing is necessary for high-speed machines to prevent increased loads, stresses, and dangerous vibrations. Methods discussed include balancing a single mass with a single or two masses in the same or different planes, and balancing multiple masses in the same or different planes by transferring their forces to a reference plane.
Unit 6- Governers , Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Balancing of Rotating masses; Mechanics of machines 21Rohit Singla
The document discusses different methods for balancing rotating masses, including:
1) Balancing a single mass with a single mass in the same plane, or two masses in different planes.
2) Balancing different masses in the same plane or different planes.
3) Analytical and graphical methods are presented for finding the magnitude and position of balancing masses in the same plane.
4) When masses rotate in different planes, a reference plane is used, and two conditions must be met - resulting forces and couples must balance.
This document provides an overview of dynamics of machinery and mechanical vibrations. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The first unit covers force analysis, including rigid body dynamics, equations of motion, inertia forces, D'Alembert's principle, dynamic analysis in reciprocating engines, static force analysis, and cam dynamics. The second unit discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses, including static and dynamic balancing, balancing of single and multi-cylinder engines. The third unit introduces free vibration analysis, including basic features of vibratory systems, single degree of freedom systems, natural frequency, types of damping, and torsional vibration of shaft systems.
Balancing is a technique used to eliminate unwanted forces and moments in rotating or reciprocating masses. If dynamic forces are not balanced, they can cause excessive vibration, noise, and wear on machines. There are different types of balancing, including balancing of rotating masses using a second counteracting mass, and balancing of reciprocating masses in engines by satisfying conditions where the sum of primary and secondary forces and couples are zero. Proper balancing is important for reducing vibration and increasing the life of machine components like crankshafts and pumps.
Mechanics of Machines (Gyroscopes) as per MGU syllabusbinil babu
1. The document discusses the gyroscopic effect, which is the tendency of a spinning object to resist any change to its axis of rotation. It explains how a gyroscopic couple is generated when a spinning object experiences precession.
2. Key applications of gyroscopic effect discussed include aeroplanes, ships, vehicles. For aeroplanes, the effect of the spinning engine/propeller is to change the plane's attitude during turns. For ships steering or pitching, it causes the bow/stern to raise or lower. There is no effect during ship rolling.
3. Sample calculations are provided to determine the gyroscopic couple generated for different rotating objects like engines, flywheels, and to analyze their effect
1. The document discusses precession and the gyroscopic effect. It explains how a spinning object like a disc or ship's propeller experiences precession when the axis of spin changes direction.
2. When a spinning object like an airplane propeller or ship's rotor changes the direction of its axis of spin, the gyroscopic effect produces a reactive force perpendicular to the axis of spin. This causes the nose or bow to dip or rise.
3. For a ship, the gyroscopic effect causes the bow to rise and stern to dip when turning left if the rotor spins clockwise, and vice versa if spinning counterclockwise or turning right. This helps explain how gyroscopic forces affect ship and aircraft steering.
A gyroscope is a device that uses angular momentum to detect orientation and maintain stability. It consists of a spinning wheel or disk whose axis is free to orient in any direction. Gyroscopes are used for navigation and stabilization in ships, airplanes, drones, and other vehicles. They work by producing a gyroscopic effect - as the spinning axis rotates about another axis, conservation of angular momentum causes a reactive torque perpendicular to the plane of rotation. This effect counters external forces and helps maintain the orientation of the device.
StaticBalancing_RotatingMassess in Sigle Plane.pdfDrPRavinderReddy
This document discusses balancing of rotating masses. It defines static and dynamic balancing and explains the need for balancing rotating components. Static balancing ensures the net force is zero by having the mass center lie on the axis of rotation. Dynamic balancing ensures the net couple is also zero by accounting for masses in different planes. Graphical methods using force and couple polygons are demonstrated to determine the magnitude and position of balancing masses needed to balance a system with multiple rotating masses in different planes.
Inertia effect of crank and connecting rod
single cylinder engine
balancing in multi cylinder-inline engine
– primary & Secondary forces
V-type engine
Radial engine – Direct and reverse crank method
Unit 3- friction and belt drives, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses balancing rotating masses in machines. It explains that all rotating and reciprocating parts must be balanced to allow for high engine speeds. It describes balancing a single rotating mass with two balancing masses in different planes of rotation, including when the disturbing mass is between or on one end of the balancing mass planes. It also covers balancing several masses rotating in the same plane using graphical or analytical methods.
1. Gyroscopes and accelerometers are common sensors used to determine the position and orientation of an object. A gyroscope uses Earth's gravity to help determine orientation and consists of a freely rotating disk called a rotor.
2. Gyroscopic motion occurs when the axis of a rotating body changes direction, such as when an airplane takes a turn or the rotor of a ship changes direction. Examples include airplane turns, ship rotors, vehicle wheels turning, and gyroscopic instruments.
3. On ships and vehicles, gyroscopic effects can cause the nose/bow to raise or lower and the stern/tail to correspondingly lower or raise when turning due to interaction between the rotating components and the turning motion.
This document discusses balancing of machines. It defines static and dynamic balancing and the conditions that must be met for each. Static balancing requires the combined mass center to lie on the axis of rotation, while dynamic balancing requires no resultant centrifugal force or couple. The document also discusses balancing of rotating masses, reciprocating masses, linkages, and multi-cylinder engines. Finally, it briefly introduces different types of balancing machines used to measure static and dynamic unbalance.
The document discusses balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses in machinery. It describes:
1) Static and dynamic balancing of single and multiple rotating masses by adding balancing masses in the same or different planes.
2) Why balancing is necessary to prevent excessive vibration, noise, and wear from unbalanced dynamic forces.
3) Types of balancing for rotating masses like a single mass balanced by one or two masses, and multiple masses balanced in the same or different planes using analytical and graphical methods.
4) Balancing of reciprocating masses like those in engines including pistons, rods, crankshafts, and other moving parts.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Balance
1.
2. Unit 4: Balancing of Rotating Masses
• Static and dynamic balancing
• Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing
masses in same plane and in different planes.
• Balancing of several rotating masses by
balancing masses in same plane and in different
planes.
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3. What is Balancing ?
• Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or
reciprocating machinery due to the inertia forces
associated with the moving masses.
• Balancing is the process of designing or modifying
machinery so that the unbalance is reduced to an
acceptable level and if possible is eliminated entirely.
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4. • A particle or mass moving in a circular path experiences a centripetal
acceleration and a force is required to produce it.
• An equal and opposite force acting radially outwards acts on the axis
of rotation and is known as centrifugal force .
• This is a disturbing force on the axis of rotation, the magnitude of
which is constant but the direction changes with the rotation of the
mass.
• In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as long as
the centre of the mass of the rotor lies on the axis of the shaft.
• When the centre of mass does not lie on the axis or there is an
eccentricity, an unbalanced force is produced
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5. Why Balancing is necessary?
• The high speed of engines and other machines is a
common phenomenon now-a-days.
• It is, therefore, very essential that all the rotating and
reciprocating parts should be completely balanced as
far as possible.
• If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic
forces are set up.
• These forces not only increase the loads on bearings
and stresses in the various members, but also produce
unpleasant and even dangerous vibrations.
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6. Balancing of Rotating Masses
• Whenever a certain mass is attached to a rotating shaft, it
exerts some centrifugal force, whose effect is to bend the
shaft and to produce vibrations in it.
• In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another
mass is attached to the opposite side of the shaft, at such a
position so as to balance the effect of the centrifugal force
of the first mass.
• This is done in such a way that the centrifugal force of both
the masses are made to be equal and opposite.
• The process of providing the second mass in order to
counteract the effect of the centrifugal force of the first
mass, is called balancing of rotating masses.
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7. Balancing of Rotating Masses
• The following cases are important from the subject point of
view:
1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in
the same plane.
2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in
different planes.
3. Balancing of different masses rotating in the same plane.
4. Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes.
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8. Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By a Single Mass Rotating in the
Same Plane
• Consider a disturbing mass m1 attached to a shaft rotating at ω rad/s as shown in
Fig.
• Let r1 be the radius of rotation of the mass m1 (i.e. distance between the axis of
rotation of the shaft and the centre of gravity of the mass m1).
• We know that the centrifugal force exerted by the mass m1 on the shaft,
• This centrifugal force acts radially outwards and thus produces bending moment on
the shaft.
• In order to counteract the effect of this force, a balancing mass (m2) may be
attached in the same plane of rotation as that of disturbing mass (m1) such that
the centrifugal forces due to the two masses are equal and opposite.
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9. Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By a Single Mass Rotating in the
Same Plane
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10. Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By Two Masses Rotating in
Different Planes
• In the previous arrangement for balancing gives rise to a couple which tends to
rock the shaft in its bearings.
• Therefore in order to put the system in complete balance, two balancing masses
are placed in two different planes, parallel to the plane of rotation of the disturbing
mass, in such a way that they satisfy the following two conditions of equilibrium.
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The conditions (1) and (2) together give
dynamic balancing.
11. Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By Two Masses
Rotating in Different Planes
• The following two possibilities may arise while
attaching the two balancing masses :
1. The plane of the disturbing mass may be in between
the planes of the two balancing masses, and
2. The plane of the disturbing mass may lie on the left or
right of the two planes containing the balancing
masses.
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12. 1. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes
of the two balancing masses
• Consider a disturbing mass m lying in a plane A to be balanced by two rotating
masses m1 and m2 lying in two different planes L and M as shown in Fig.
• Let r, r1 and r2 be the radii of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and M
respectively.
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14. • It may be noted that equation (i) represents the condition for static
balance, but in order to achieve dynamic balance, equations (ii) or (iii)
must also be satisfied.
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15. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes of
the balancing masses
• In this case, the mass m lies in the plane A and the balancing masses
lie in the planes L and M, as shown in Fig.
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16. As discussed above, the following conditions must be satisfied in order
to balance the system, i.e.
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17. Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same Plane
• The magnitude and position of the balancing
mass may be found out analytically or
graphically as discussed below :
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18. 1. Analytical method
• The magnitude and direction of the balancing mass may be obtained, analytically,
as discussed below :
1. First of all, find out the centrifugal force exerted by each mass on the rotating shaft.
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19. 2. Graphical method
• The magnitude and position of the balancing mass may also be
obtained graphically as discussed below :
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24. Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in Different Planes
• When several masses revolve in different planes, they may be transferred to a
reference plane (briefly written as R.P.), which may be defined as the plane passing
through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it.
• The effect of transferring a revolving mass (in one plane) to a reference plane is to
cause a force of magnitude equal to the centrifugal force of the revolving mass to
act in the reference plane, together with a couple of magnitude equal to the
product of the force and the distance between the plane of rotation and the
reference plane.
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25. Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in Different Planes
• In order to have a complete balance of the several revolving masses
in different planes, the following two conditions must be satisfied :
1. The forces in the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant force must
be zero.
2. The couples about the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant couple
must be zero.
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26. Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in Different Planes
• Let us now consider four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 revolving in planes 1, 2, 3 and
4 respectively as shown in Fig. (a).
• The relative angular positions of these masses are shown in the end view [Fig. (b)].
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27. The magnitude of the balancing masses mL and mM in planes L and M
may be obtained as discussed below :
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It is assumed that the mass of pulley B acts in vertical direction.
For the static balance of the pulleys, the centre of gravity of the system
must lie on the axis of rotation. Therefore a force polygon must be a
closed figure.