This presentation explains about the concept of food intoxication. The toxins produced by the microbes in food (fungal) and toxins present in the food stuff were provided. The information about the diseases caused by such toxins were disclosed.
presentation on food borne outbreaks. Apt for taking seminars, classes as well as can be used for spreading awareness among the public.
This presentation includes the Introduction to Food borne Outbreaks, Recent Data, Classification of food borne diseases, causes, contaminants, consequences, epidemiology, prevention & control and the Investigations of food borne outbreaks
This presentation explains about the concept of food intoxication. The toxins produced by the microbes in food (fungal) and toxins present in the food stuff were provided. The information about the diseases caused by such toxins were disclosed.
presentation on food borne outbreaks. Apt for taking seminars, classes as well as can be used for spreading awareness among the public.
This presentation includes the Introduction to Food borne Outbreaks, Recent Data, Classification of food borne diseases, causes, contaminants, consequences, epidemiology, prevention & control and the Investigations of food borne outbreaks
Tells you about the food poisoning. How it occurs, symptoms and prevention's. Tells you about the toxins released by the various microorganisms and its species.
Food-borne diseases, including food-borne intoxications and food-borne infections, are terms applied to illnesses acquired through consumption of contaminated food, and are also frequently referred to as food poisoning.
Tells you about the food poisoning. How it occurs, symptoms and prevention's. Tells you about the toxins released by the various microorganisms and its species.
Food-borne diseases, including food-borne intoxications and food-borne infections, are terms applied to illnesses acquired through consumption of contaminated food, and are also frequently referred to as food poisoning.
What is diarrhea in cattle and what causes it?
• Diarrhea (purging, scours) can have many causes.
• Possible causes include bacterial and viral infections, certain chemicals, intestinal parasites, poor diet, overfeeding on milk or lush grass, poisonous plants and other toxins, food allergies and even stress.
• In diarrhea, the intestine fails to adequately absorb fluids, and/or secretion into the intestine is increased. Loss of fluids through diarrhea produces dehydration and the loss of certain body salts.
• It causes a change in body tissue composition and severe depression in the animal.
• Death from scours is usually the result of dehydration and loss of body salts rather than invasion of an infectious agent.
• The correct determination of the cause of diarrhea is important in order to take effective preventive measures.
A zoonotic disease is any disease or infection that is transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans.Nearly two-thirds of human infectious diseases arise from pathogens shared with wild or domestic animals.
Endemic and enzootic zoonoses cause about a billion cases of illness in people and millions of deaths every year.
Cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery are some communicable diseases that are mainly caused due to ingestion of food which are contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms.
it gives information about the infection caused by the round worms which enter in the human body through dirty water,poor sanitation system,child take soil which contain feces.
Child Healthcare addresses all the common and important clinical problems in children, including:immunisation history and examination growth and nutrition acute and chronic infections parasites skin conditions difficulties in the home and society.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
6. SYMPTOMS OF FOOD BORNE
ILLNESS
• VOMITING THAT LAST FROM 1 TO 7 DAY
• DIARRHEA
• ABDOMINAL CRAMPS
• FEVER AND JOINT/BACK ACHES
• NAUSEA
• FATIGUE
7.
8. •STOMACH FLU IS ALSO A FOOD BORNE ILLNESS
WHICH IS CAUSED BY THE BACTERIA FOUND
IN CONTAMINATED FOOD AND BEVERAGES.
9. SYMPTOMS OF STOMACH FLU
• HIGH FEVER
• CHILLS/ MILD
• FATIGUE
• HEADACHE
• TREATED BY THE INTAKE OF FLUIDS, LOTS OF WATER
AND REST
10. BACTERIAL FOOD BORNE DISEASE
• FOOD BORNE ILLNESS IS USUALLY CAUSED BY BACTERIA.
11. IN
2000, THESE BACTERIA WERE
INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT
DISEASES IN UNITED KINGDOM.
• CAMPYLOBACTER 77.3%
• 20.9% OF SALMONELLA
• 1.4% OF E. COLI
• LESS THAN 0.56% OF ALL
OTHERS
12. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
(CAMPYLOBACTER)
• THIS IS THE INFECTION PRODUCED BY THE BACTERIA
BELONGING TO THE GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER.
• ONE OF THE MOST COMMON BACTERIAL CAUSES OF
DIARRHEAL ILLNESS IN THE UNITED STATES
• MOST COMMONLY REPORTED BACTERIAL ENTERIC
PATHOGEN IN MINNESOTA.IT LIVES IN THE SMALL
INTESTINE OF HEALTHY BIRDS.
13. SYMPTOMS
• DIARRHEA
• ABDOMINAL PAIN
• ABDOMINAL CRAMPS
• TEMPERATURE/ FEVER
• VOMITING
• THIS ILLNESS LAST 1 WEEK AND
IT IS USUALLY TREATED BY ANTI-
BIOTIC.
14. TRANSMISSION
DISEASE IS SPREAD BY
• UNDERCOOKED POULTRY
• UNPASTEURIZED MILK
• UNTREATED WATER
• CONTACT WITH FARM ANIMALS.
• EATING UNDERCOOKED
CHICKEN
15. • CAMPYLOBACTER IS ALSO
FOUND IN THE FECES OF
SOME PETS, ESPECIALLY
THOSE WITH DIARRHEA, AND
PEOPLE ARE MORE PRONE TO
DISEASE IF THEY DO NOT WASH
THEIR HANDS AFTER CONTACT
WITH THESE PETS.
16. ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI)
• E.COLI IS A BACTERIAL
SPECIES
• LIVES IN THE INTESTINE OF
HEALTHY HUMAN AND
ANIMALS.
• SOME E.COLI CAUSE
DIARRHEA
17.
18. COMMON SYMPTOMS INCLUDE
• SEVERE BLOODY DIARRHEA
• ABDOMINAL CRAMPS
• A LITTLE FEVER
• WITHIN TWO TO FIVE DAYS SYMPTOMS OF THE INFECTION
BEGINS AND IT LASTS 1 TO 8DAYS.
19. OBSTACLE AND COMPLEXITY
• IN YOUNG CHILDREN OR ELDERLY5% OF HEMOLYTIC UREMIC
SYNDROME WERE REPORTED IN THE CASES OF E.COLI.
20. TRANSMISSION
• BY EATING UNDERCOOKED FOOD
• INFECTED GROUND BEEF
• THROUGH CONTACT WITH CATTLE FACES
• PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT ALSO TRANSMITS THIS DISEASE
• DRINKING RAW MILK
• DRINKING POLLUTED WATER.
21. SALMONELLOSIS
(SALMONELLA)
• SALMONELLA INFECTION (SALMONELLOSIS)
IS A COMMON BACTERIAL DISEASE THAT
AFFECTS THE INTESTINAL TRACT.
• SALMONELLA IS THE BACTERIA THAT CAUSE
THIS INFECTION. SALMONELLA IS A GENUS
OF ROD-SHAPED GRAM-NEGATIVE
BACTERIA OF THE FAMILY
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
• THIS BACTERIA LIVES IN INTESTINAL TRACT
OF THE ANIMALS.
22.
23. TRANSMISSION
• SPREAD DUE TO CONTAMINATED FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
SUCH AS MILK, POULTRY, BEEF, OR EGGS, PORK.
• COOKING OF THESE THINGS CAN KILL SALMONELLA.
• SALMONELLA MOSTLY FOUND IN REPTILES & BABY CHICKS/
DUCKLING. AFTER THE HANDLING OF ANIMAL PEOPLE
SHOULD WASH THEIR HANDS.
24. SHIGELLOSIS
• A GROUP OF BACTERIA CALLED SHIGELLA
CAUSE AN INFECTION WHICH IS KNOWN AS
SHIGELLOSIS.
• IT IS SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.
• SHIGELLA IS A GENUS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE,
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBIC, NONSPORE-
FORMING, NON-MOTILE, ROD-SHAPED
BACTERIA GENETICALLY CLOSELY RELATED TO
E. COLI.
25. SYMPTOMS
• DIARRHEA (OFTEN BLOODY)
• ABDOMINAL PAIN AND CRAMPS
• FEVER
• VOMITING ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF THIS INFECTION.
• SYMPTOMS USUALLY BEGIN 1 TO 3 DAYS AFTER
EXPOSURE (RANGE, 12 HOURS TO 4 DAYS).IT TAKE 4 -7
DAYS TO CURE.
26. TRANSMISSION
• THIS HAPPENS WHEN BASIC HYGIENE AND
HANDWASHING HABITS ARE INADEQUATE.
A WIDE VARIETY OF FOODS MAY BE CONTAMINATED:
SALADS,
RICE BALLS, BEANS PUDDING, STRAWBERRIES, SPINAC
H, RAW OYSTERS, LUNCHEON MEAT, AND MILK.
27. • FAMILY MEMBERS AND PLAYMATES OF CHILDREN
ARE AT HIGH RISK OF BECOMING INFECTED
(OUTBREAKS TYPICALLY OCCUR IN DAYCARE AND
PRESCHOOLS SETTINGS).
• TRANSMISSION CAN ALSO OCCUR WHEN SWIMMING
IN OR DRINKING CONTAMINATED WATER.
29. SYMPTOMS
• DIARRHEA
• ABDOMINAL CRAMPING
• NAUSEA
• VOMITING
• FEVER AND CHILLS
• USUALLY THESE SYMPTOMS BEGIN WITHIN 24 HOURS OF
EXPOSURE.
• THIS DISEASE IS SELF-LIMITED AND LASTS APPROXIMATELY 3
DAYS
30. TRANSMISSION
• THIS DISEASE IS RARE BUT A PERSON HAVING WEAK
IMMUNE SYSTEM IS MORE COMMONLY SUFFER IN
THIS DISEASE.
• THIS DISEASE IS TRANSMITTED BY EATING
UNCOOKED SHELLFISH AND OYSTER.
31. YERSINIOSIS (YERSINIA SPECIES)
• YERSINIOSIS IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAUSED
BY ENTERIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS YERSINIA.
IN THE UNITED STATES.
• MOST HUMAN ILLNESS IS CAUSED BY ONE
SPECIES, Y. ENTEROCOLITICA. Y. ENTEROCOLITICA
IS A RELATIVELY INFREQUENT CAUSE OF
DIARRHEA AND ABDOMINAL PAIN.
32. SYMPTOMS
• OFTEN BLOODY DIARRHEA
• ABDOMINAL PAIN AND CRAMPS
• FEVER
• SKIN RASH
• THIS DISEASE IS COMPLICATED. USUALLY SKIN RASH,
JOINT PAINS OR SPREADING OF BACTERIA IN BLOOD
STREAM ARE THE COMPLICATIONS THAT OCCUR
DURING THIS DISEASE.
33. • Symptoms can vary depending upon the age
of the infected person. infection mostly
occur in young children. Development of
symptom usually take place in 4 to 7 days
• Duration of illness is 1 or 3 weeks or it may
take longer time than this.
34. TRANSMISSION
• DRINKING OF UNPASTEURIZED MILK AND
UNTREATED WATER &EATING RAW OR
UNDERCOOKED PORK CONTAMINATED
WITH YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICABACTERIA.
• DUE TO INADEQUATE BASIC HYGIENE AND HAND
WASHING HABIT.
• BACTERIA IS ALSO TRANSMITTED BY THE BLOOD
DURING THE PROCESS OF TRANSFUSION.