1. SKELETON DANCE

3. We sure have lots of bones!
We sure have lots of bones!
A newborn baby has more bones
than an adult. A baby is born with
300 bones. An adult only has 206.

4. Your hand has 27 bones.

5. Your face has 14 bones.

7. Learning Outcomes :
• Explain the necessity for support and
locomotion in humans and animals
• Describe problems that could be faced by
humans and animals in support and locomotion
• Explain how problems in support and
locomotion are overcome in humans and
animals
• Name the bones that make up the axial
skeleton and appendicular skeleton of the
human body

8. NECESSITY FOR SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION
IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS
Why do humans and animals need
support ?????????
3. To find the food
4. To find partner for reproduction
5. To protect / escape from their predator
6. To search for a more conductive living environment
7. To shelter from bad environment

9. PROBLEMS THAT COULD BE FACED BY HUMANS
AND ANIMALS IN SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION
- Gravitational - Gravitational
-Resistance
force force
- Friction
- Friction

10. HOW TO OVERCOME THAT PROBLEM ?????
1. Resistance and friction – streamlined body shape
2. Gravitational force – antagonistic muscle
* most animals have their own
supporting structure
Example :
i) fins – fish
ii) wings – birds
ii) strong limb – tetrapods and human

11. Do you know that support are provided by some form
of skeleton
Skeleton
Hydrostatic
Exoskeleton Endoskeleton
Skeleton
- Work in group
- Discuss about exoskeleton, endoskeleton and
hydrostatic skeleton. Give the example for each skeleton.

14. MAIN PARTS OF
SKELETON
AXIAL APPENDICULAR
SKELETON SKELETON

16. Axial Skeleton consist of :
2. Skull
3. Vertebral column (the backbone)
4. Rib cage

17. Cranium
Bones of face and jaw -Protect the brain
-Protects eyes, ears -Consists of eight pieces of
and nose bones which fused together
-Upper jaw is fused to to form immovable joints
cranium and is
immovable
-Lower jaw is joined to
cranium and is
movable to allow
speech and
chewing of food

18. Rib cage :
-12 pairs
- Joined to the thoracic
vertebrae at the back
and sternum at the
chest
Sternum

19. (backbone)
7
12
5
5
4

20. Function of vertebral column :
ii) Encloses and protects the spinal cord
iii) Supports the head
Characteristic to differentiate the vertebrate in:
i) Cervical vertebrae –has a pair of vertebrarterial canals
ii) Thoracic vertebrae – has long spinous proses pointing
backwards
iii) Lumbar vertebrae – has large centrum
WHAT is found in between the vertebrae of the vertebral
column ????
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

22. Appendicular Skeleton consist of :
2. Pectoral girdles
3. Humerus
4. Ulna The upper limb (arms)
5. Radius
6. Pelvic girdles
7. Femur
8. Tibia The lower limb (legs)
9. Fibula

23. Appendicular skeleton Characteristic &
Explanation
Pectoral girdle Consist of :
ii) clavicle- rod shape and
(shoulder girdle) located below neck.
iii) scapula – large, flat and
triangular bone
Humerus - Long bone of the upper limbs
- Has a rounded head which joint
with the glenoid cavity of the
scapula to form the ball-and-
socket joint at the shoulder
Radius & Ulna -Two long bone at the lower arm
-The upper end of the radius-ulna
joint with the humerus
-The lower end of the radius-ulna
joint with the carpals,
metacarpals & phalanges

25. Appendicular skeleton Characteristic & Explanation
Pelvic girdle - Consist of two hip bones that
provide strong and stable
support for the vertebral
column
- The hip bones are joined to
each other at a joint called
Femur -Long bonesymphysis
pubic in the thigh
-The head of the femur joint with the
hip bone. The others joint with tibia
-The patella or kneecap is a small
triangular bone which protects the
knee joint
Tibia & Fibula -Fibula is parallel and lateral to the
tibia
-The lower end of it joint with tarsals,
metatarsals & phalanges

27. Axial skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton