This document discusses the selection of metallic pipes and fittings for process piping systems according to ASME B31.3. It covers establishing design conditions and material selection criteria such as pressure class, reliability, corrosion resistance and cost. Key factors in pipe and fitting selection include material of construction, pressure-temperature ratings, joint types, fluid compatibility and standards compliance. The document provides guidance on pipe manufacturing methods and examples of pipe and fitting standards.
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
ASME B31.3 TRAINING COURSE
The lack of commentary, or historical perspective, regarding the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction is an obstacle to the designer, manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, erector, examiner, inspector, and owner who wants to provide a safe and economical piping system. This intensive five-day course, through the use of hundreds of examples shown and personal experiences of the instructors demonstrates how the ASME B31.3 Code has been correctly and incorrectly applied. This seminar explains the principal intentions of the Code and why the Code is not a handbook. Attendees come away from this seminar with a clear understanding of how piping systems fail and what the Codes require the designer, manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, erector, examiner, inspector and owner to do to prevent such failures. The focus of the seminar is to enhance participants understanding and application of the ASME B31.3 Code. Instruction is further enhanced by in-class problem solving, directly applying the rules and equations of the ASME B31.3 Codes for specific design and operating conditions to illustrate correct applications.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to ASME B31.3
ASME B31.3 Scope and Definitions
Design Considerations & Criteria
Pressure Design of Piping Components
Design – Fluid Service Requirements & Standards for Piping Components Standards
Design – Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints
Design – Flexibility and Support
Bellows Expansion Joints
Design Systems
Materials
Fabrication, Assembly & Erection
Inspection, Examination & Testing
Who Should Attend:
Fresh graduates and piping engineers and designers who need an understanding of the requirements for compliance and the trends of Code changes for piping design and analysis, fabrication, examination, and testing
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Identify the responsibilities of personnel involved in the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of process piping
Describe the scope and technical requirements of the ASME B31.3 Code
Apply and implement the quality requirements that are defined in the ASME B31.3 Code
Special Features & Requirements:
Bring a note book, a pen and a calculator
Printed notes of the lecture, as well as additional notes, will be provided
Course Dates and Prices:
The course duration (15 hours), starts every Monday to Friday at 6:00pm to 9:00 pm)
Fees are 399 CADs for 1 person
#Little_PEng
https://www.littlepeng.com/asme-b31-3-training-course
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
Piping components, materials, codes and standards part 1- pipeAlireza Niakani
The course is focused on four areas: piping components, pipe materials and manufacture, sizes, codes and standards. Applicable piping codes for oil and gas facilities (ISO, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8, etc.), pipe sizing calculations, pipe installation, and materials selection are an integral part of the course. The emphasis is on proper material selection and specification of piping systems.
ASME B31.3 TRAINING COURSE
The lack of commentary, or historical perspective, regarding the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction is an obstacle to the designer, manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, erector, examiner, inspector, and owner who wants to provide a safe and economical piping system. This intensive five-day course, through the use of hundreds of examples shown and personal experiences of the instructors demonstrates how the ASME B31.3 Code has been correctly and incorrectly applied. This seminar explains the principal intentions of the Code and why the Code is not a handbook. Attendees come away from this seminar with a clear understanding of how piping systems fail and what the Codes require the designer, manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, erector, examiner, inspector and owner to do to prevent such failures. The focus of the seminar is to enhance participants understanding and application of the ASME B31.3 Code. Instruction is further enhanced by in-class problem solving, directly applying the rules and equations of the ASME B31.3 Codes for specific design and operating conditions to illustrate correct applications.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to ASME B31.3
ASME B31.3 Scope and Definitions
Design Considerations & Criteria
Pressure Design of Piping Components
Design – Fluid Service Requirements & Standards for Piping Components Standards
Design – Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints
Design – Flexibility and Support
Bellows Expansion Joints
Design Systems
Materials
Fabrication, Assembly & Erection
Inspection, Examination & Testing
Who Should Attend:
Fresh graduates and piping engineers and designers who need an understanding of the requirements for compliance and the trends of Code changes for piping design and analysis, fabrication, examination, and testing
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Identify the responsibilities of personnel involved in the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of process piping
Describe the scope and technical requirements of the ASME B31.3 Code
Apply and implement the quality requirements that are defined in the ASME B31.3 Code
Special Features & Requirements:
Bring a note book, a pen and a calculator
Printed notes of the lecture, as well as additional notes, will be provided
Course Dates and Prices:
The course duration (15 hours), starts every Monday to Friday at 6:00pm to 9:00 pm)
Fees are 399 CADs for 1 person
#Little_PEng
https://www.littlepeng.com/asme-b31-3-training-course
This Presentation is about the basic fundamentals one needs to know to begin Piping Engineering. All the basic formulas and questions that are usually asked in interviews are answered in this presentation. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments and iI may try my best to answer them for you.
This Webinar presentation includes pipe clamps, hold-down clamps, riser clamps and structural supports. Learn how the appropriate type of pipe support is chosen based on the different design conditions. Find out how Finite Element Analysis is used in the design process and view the custom pipe supports designed for extreme applications.
This Webinar presentation includes pipe clamps, hold-down clamps, riser clamps and structural supports. Learn how the appropriate type of pipe support is chosen based on the different design conditions. Find out how Finite Element Analysis is used in the design process and view the custom pipe supports designed for extreme applications.
Similar to B31.3 process piping course 02 metallic pipe & fitting selection (20)
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...
B31.3 process piping course 02 metallic pipe & fitting selection
1. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 1
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
Charles Becht IV, PhD, PE
Don Frikken, PE
Instructors
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 2
1. Establish applicable system standard(s)
2. Establish design conditions
3. Make overall piping material decisions
Pressure Class
Reliability
Materials of construction
4. Fine tune piping material decisions
Materials
Determine wall thicknesses
Valves
5. Establish preliminary piping system layout & support
configuration
6. Perform flexibility analysis
7. Finalize layout and bill of materials
8. Fabricate and install
9. Examine and test
Piping Development Process
2. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 3
2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Piping System Failure
Bases for Selection
Listed versus Unlisted Piping Components
Fluid Service Requirements
Pipe
Fittings
Branch Connections
Flanges
Gaskets
Bolting
Flanged Joints
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 4
The Material in This Section is
Addressed by B31.3 in:
Chapter II - Design
Chapter IV - Standards for Piping
Components
Appendix G - Safeguarding
3. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 5
Piping System Failure
How can you recognize a failure in a
piping system?
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 6
Bases for Selection
Pressure Class
Reliability
Robustness
Fire Resistance
Blow-out Resistance
Tendencies to leak
Material of Construction
Corrosion Resistance
Material Toughness
Cost
4. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 7
Pressure Class
Ratings for above ground metallic systems
are generally governed by their joints.
Frequently these are flanged joints
manufactured in accordance with ASME
B16.1 (iron flanges) and ASME B16.5 (other
metallic flanges).
Ratings for flanges (and some other piping
components) are designated by pressure
class.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 8
Flange P-T Ratings– Gray Iron (psi)
(Class Rated in accordance with ASME B16.1)
5. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 9
Flange P-T Ratings– Gray Iron (bar)
(Class Rated in accordance with ASME B16.1)
0
10
20
30
40
0 50 100 150 200
Pressure(barg)
Class 125,
NPS 1-12
Class 125,
NPS 14-24
Class 125,
NPS 30-48
Class 250,
NPS 1-12
Class 250,
NPS 14-24
Class 250,
NPS 30-48
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 10
Flange P-T Ratings – Carbon Steel (psi)
(Class Rated in accordance with ASME B16.5)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Pressure(psig)
Class 150
Class 300
Class 600
Class 900
Class 1500
Class 2500
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
6. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 11
Flange P-T Ratings – Carbon Steel (bar)
(Class Rated in accordance with ASME B16.5)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 100 200 300 400 500
Pressure(barg)
Class 150
Class 300
Class 600
Class 900
Class 1500
Class 2500
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 12
Flange P-T Ratings – Carbon Steel (bar)
(PN Rated in accordance with EN 1092-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400
Pressure(bar)
PN 2.5
PN 6
PN 10
PN 16
PN 25
PN 40
PN 63
PN 100
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
9. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 17
Robustness
Able to withstand exposure to loads such as:
Being stepped on
Dropped tool
Dropped tool box
Forklift traffic
Truck traffic
Crane booms
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 18
Fire
Resistance
Usual Definition: Components able to maintain
piping system integrity if subjected to
approximately 1200ºF (650ºC) for 30 minutes.
10. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Fire Resistance
Fire resistant components are used
where there is a sufficient probability of a
fire, and
where there is a significant consequence
as a result of piping system failure such as
adding fuel to the fire
exposure of fire fighters to danger due to
leaking fluids
Being able to continue operation after a fire is
usually not a consideration.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 20
Blow-out Resistance
Gaskets and seals able to withstand high pressure
without failing by extrusion or fracture. A short-term
leak could be resealed by tightening the bolting. The
intent is to avoid large leaks
when a flanged joint is not tightened properly
when the piping system is subjected to pressures
much higher than design
when large bending moments are applied to the
flanged joint
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 19
11. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 21
Blow-out Resistance
Failure by Fracture
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 22
Tendencies to Leak
Some joints are more leak prone than others.
These are usually a strong function of the
construction and maintenance practices at a
particular site. Examples:
Threaded joints
Unions
Elastomeric seals such as o-rings
Failure by Extrusion.
12. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 23
Corrosion Resistance
Where corrosion is more or less uniform, extra
pipe wall material can be provided in the form of a
“corrosion allowance”.
Where material degradation is localized, either
preventive measures must be used or a more
resistant material must be provided. Examples of
localized material problems:
- Erosion - Intergranular
- Stress-Corrosion Cracking - Microbiological
- Hydrogen Embrittlement
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 24
Material Toughness
Measured by energy necessary to suddenly
propagate a crack to failure
Mostly of concern for carbon steels
Generally decreases as temperature decreases
Factors affecting fracture toughness include:
Chemical composition or alloying elements
Heat treatment
Grain size
13. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 25
Example of Brittle Fracture
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 26
Example of Ductile Deformation
14. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 27
Cost
0 2 4 6 8 10
Relative Installed Cost - NPS 4 Complex System
CPVC, Sch 80
Carbon Steel, Sch 40
Stainless Steel, 304, Sch 10S
Stainless Steel, 316, Sch 10S
Aluminum, 6061 T6, Sch 40
Fiberglass - Vinyl Ester
Polypropylene Lined Steel
Fluoropolymer Lined Steel
Alloy 20, Sch 10S
Alloy 400, Sch 10S
Alloy C276, Sch 10
Zirconium, Sch 10
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 28
Piping Component Standards
Provide consistent dimensions and ratings
so that components will fit together and can
be used interchangeably
Listed Components: Those listed by
standard number in Table 326.1 and
Appendix A
Unlisted Components: Those not so
listed.
15. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 29
Some Listed Components - ASME
B16.1 – Cast Iron Pipe Flanges
B16.3 – Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B16.9 – Wrought Steel Buttweld Fittings
B16.11 – Forged Fittings, Socket Welding & Threaded
B16.20 – Metallic Gaskets
B16.22 – Wrought Copper Solder Joint Fittings
B16.34 – Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welded
See page 8 of the supplement.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 30
Some Listed Components - Other
MSS SP-80 Bronze Valves
MSS SP-97 Branch Outlet Fittings
API 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves
API 608 Metal Ball Valves
ASTM A53 Steel Pipe
ASTM A312 Stainless Steel Pipe
AWWA C110 Ductile & Gray Iron Fittings
AWWA C151 Ductile Iron Pipe
See the pages 9 - 11 in the supplement.
16. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 31
Listed Components
Can be used within their pressure-
temperature ratings and any additional
limitations described in the Code.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 32
Some Unlisted Components
ASME B16.33 – Manually Operated Metallic Gas
Valves or Use in Gas Piping Systems
ASME B16.50 – Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy
Braze-Joint Pressure Fittings
MSS SP-68 – High Pressure-Offset Seat Butterfly
Valves
MSS SP-108 – Resilient-Seated Cast Iron-Eccentric
Plug Valves
API 6D – Pipeline Valves (Gate, Plug, Ball, and
Check)
AWWA C153 – Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for
Water Service
17. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 33
Unlisted Components [302.2.3, 326.2.1]
Can be used within Code limitations if they:
have dimensions that “conform to those of
comparable listed components insofar as
practicable”
“provide strength and performance equivalent to
standard components”, and
satisfy one of the following:
“composition, mechanical properties, method of
manufacture, and quality control are comparable to
listed components”; and have pressure-temperature
ratings that conform with para. 304, or
are “qualified for pressure design as required by
para. 304.7.2.”
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 34
Fluid Service Requirements
Specific requirements for components and
joints are described in paras. 305-318.
Some components are permitted for certain
fluid services only when safeguarded.
“Safeguarding is the provision of protective
measures to minimize the risk of accidental
damage to the piping or to minimize the
harmful consequences of possible piping
failure.” Para. G300
18. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 35
Fluid Service Requirements
Safeguarding examples:
Brazed or soldered copper water tube is
not inherently fire resistant, but may be
protected against fire exposure by
insulation or by water sprays.
Thermoplastic piping is not inherently blow-
out resistant and is sensitive to abuse, but
may be protected from both hazards by
routing the piping in a secondary
containment.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 36
Piping Components
Pipe
Fittings
Branch Connections
Flanges
Gaskets
Bolting
Flanged Joints
19. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 37
Pipe
“Pipe includes components designated as
‘tube’ or ‘tubing’ in the material specification,
when intended for pressure service.” Para. 305
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 38
Pipe - seamless
Strand Caster Billet Heating Rotary Piercing Mill
Elongator Reheat Pug Rolling Mill
22. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 43
Pipe Fluid Service Requirements
Some specifications, including all furnace
butt welded, are limited to Category D
Fluid Service
Some specifications may be used only in
Category D Fluid Service unless
safeguarded
Only pipe listed in para. 305.2.3 may be
used for Severe Cyclic Conditions
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 44
Fittings
Fittings are selected primarily by the way
they are joined to the pipe.
Threading
Socket Welding
Buttwelding
OD Tubing (Compression fitting, Flare)
Water Tubing (Solder, Braze)
Others
23. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 45
Fittings: Threaded
Common materials
Gray iron
(ASME B16.4)
Malleable iron
(ASME B16.3)
Steel (ASME B16.11)
Size usually limited to ~NPS 2
Potential injury for installers
Ability to get a good seal
Generally not used where leaks
cannot be tolerated
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 46
Threaded Joint Fluid Service
Requirements
Straight threaded coupling mating to taper
thread permitted only for Category D
24. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 47
Threaded Joint Fluid Service
Requirements
NPS 1-1/2 and smaller tapered joints must be
Sch 80 for notch sensitive material in Normal
Service
May be used for Severe Cyclic Conditions
only if:
For taper threads must be, non-moment
bearing such as for a thermowell
For straight threads with seating surface,
must be safeguarded
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 48
Fittings: Socket Welding
Common materials
(ASME B16.11)
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Size usually limited to ~NPS 1-1/2
Not used in services where
Corrosion is accelerated in crevices
Severe erosion may occur
25. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 49
Fittings: Buttwelding
Common materials
(ASME B16.9)
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Nickel alloys
Used in most piping systems
~NPS 2 and larger
Use generally not restricted
Welding is difficult in small sizes,
especially for thin wall
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 50
Fittings: OD Tubing
Common materials
Copper
Steel
Nickel alloys
Compression Fittings
Flared Fittings (ASME B16.26)
Generally not used in most severe
services because of leak potential
Must be safeguarded for Severe Cyclic Service
26. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 51
Fittings: Water Tube
Common material: copper
Solder joint (ASME B16.18 &
B16.22)
Braze joint (ASME B16.50)
Not fire resistant
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 52
Solder & Brazed Joint Fluid Service
Requirements
Solder joints are permitted only for Category
D Fluid Service
Brazed joints are :
permitted for Normal Fluid Service
permitted for fluids that are flammable, toxic or
damaging to human tissue if safeguarded
prohibited for Severe Cyclic Conditions
27. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 53
Fittings: Grooved
Fittings that use grooves in pipe –
elastomeric seal required
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 54
Fittings: Compression for Pipe
Pressfit by Victaullic
(B16.51 draft for copper)
Lokring
(metal-to-metal seal)
28. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 55
Miter Bend Fluid Service
Requirements
A bend with α greater
than 45º may be used
only in Category D
Fluid Service
For Severe Cyclic
Conditions, α must be
less than or equal to
22.5º.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 56
Branches
Generally many choices NPS 3
and larger
Choices include:
Tee
Unreinforced Fabricated Tee
Reinforced Fabricated Tee
Branch Connection Fitting
29. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 57
Branches
Tee
Unreinforced Fabricated Tee
(Capable of less than full pressure)
Reinforced Fabricated Tee
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 58
Stub on
Stub in
ReinforcedUnreinforced
Fabricated Branches
30. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 59
Branches - Branch Connection Fittings
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 60
Branches
Basis for selection:
Cost: depends on material, sizes &
fabricator
Resistance to external moment
Ability to examine fabrication
See table on page 19 in the supplement.
31. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 61
Flanges (ASME B16.5)
Flange types designated by joining method
Threaded Socket welding Welding Neck
(buttweld)
These flanges have the same advantages and
restrictions as fittings with the same joining
method. (Note that welding neck flanges are required
for Severe Cyclic Conditions.)
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 62
Flanges (ASME B16.5)
Other types of flanges - Slip-on
Has no crevice if installed with two welds
Easier to get good alignment
Unable to seat metal gaskets as well as WN
& LJ
32. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 63
Slip-on Flange Fluid Service
Requirements
Required to be double welded for:
Severe erosion, crevice corrosion or cyclic
loading
Flammable, toxic, or damaging to human
tissue
Under Severe Cyclic Conditions
At temperatures below -101ºC (-150ºF)
Should be avoided where many large
temperature cycles are expected
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 64
Flanges (ASME B16.5)
Other types of flanges - Lapped joint
Flange can be made from cheaper material
Easier to fabricate and install than WN
33. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 65
Flat
• Standard for gray iron flanges
• More gasket has to be compressed, so only
“softer” gaskets can be used
• Less likely to break flange when bolting
(applicable to brittle materials like gray iron)
Flanges Facings (ASME B16.5)
Raised – normal choice
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 66
Gaskets
Important Gasket Characteristics
Resists deterioration in normal service
Chemical resistance
Temperature resistance
Low enough leak rate
Blowout resistance
Fire resistance
34. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 67
Gaskets – Rubber
LowBolt Strength
Needed
NoFire
Resistant
NoBlowout
Resistant
BestLeak
Performance
200ºF
(95ºC)
Approximate
Max. Temp.
OK for
most
Chemical
Resistant
(Thermoseal)
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 68
Gaskets – Reinforced Rubber
LowBolt Strength
Needed
NoFire
Resistant
NoBlowout
Resistant
FairLeak
Performance
325ºF
(160ºC)
Approximate
Max. Temp.
OK for
most
Chemical
Resistant
(Garlock)
35. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 69
Gaskets – Fluoropolymer
LowBolt Strength
Needed
NoFire
Resistant
NoBlowout
Resistant
GoodLeak
Performance
350ºF
(180ºC)
Approximate
Max. Temp.
OK for
almost all
Chemical
Resistant
(Garlock)
(Gore) (Teadit)
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 70
Gaskets – Flexible Graphite
MediumBolt Strength
Needed
YesFire
Resistant
Not without
heavier insert
Blowout
Resistant
GoodLeak
Performance
900 or 625ºF
(480 or 330ºC)
Approximate
Max. Temp.
OK for almost
all
Chemical
Resistant
(SGL Carbon Group)
Natural
Graphite
Flake
Thermally
Decomposed
(Worms)
Worms
Compressed
Into Foils
36. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 71
Gaskets – Flexible Graphite
(Teadit)
Foil Inserted
• Insert is usually 0.002”
(0.05 mm) type 316
stainless steel
• Adhesive bonded
Tang Inserted
• Insert is usually 0.004”
(0.10 mm) type 316
stainless steel
• Mechanically bonded
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 72
Gaskets – Flexible Graphite
Corrugated Insert
• Insert is usually 0.018”
(0.46 mm) type 316
stainless steel
• Adhesive bonded
• Blowout resistant
• Lower hand cutting
potential
• Lower sealing stress
• Cannot be cut from
sheet
(Garlock)
(Teadit)
37. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 73
Gaskets – Flexible Graphite
Flexible
graphite tends
to stick to
flanges, but
special coatings
can help.
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 74
Gaskets – Spiral Wound
HighBolt Strength
Depends on
Filler
Fire Resistant
YesBlowout
Resistant
GoodLeak
Performance
1500ºF (820ºC)Approximate
Max. Temp.
Both metal winding
& filler must be OK
Chemical
Resistant
(Garlock)
(Flexitallic)Needed
38. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 75
Gaskets – Spiral Wound (NE Seal)
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 76
Gaskets – Spiral Wound
OrangeAlloy 400
BeigeAlloy C276
RedNickel 200
Green316L SS
Yellow304 SS
Ring Edge Color CodeWinding Material
39. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 77
Gaskets – Spiral Wound
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Fire
Resistant
1500 / 820No standardVermiculite
White
Pink
Gray
None
Ring Stripe
Color Code
350 / 180
325 / 160
900 / 480
1500 / 820
Maximum
Temp ºF/ ºC
PTFE
Mica Graphite
Flexible
Graphite
Asbestos
Filler Material
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 78
Gaskets – Spiral Wound
Internal buckling is a concern to some, especially
in higher pressure classes and larger sizes.
40. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 79
Gaskets - Kammprofile
MediumBolt Strength
Depends on
sealing material
Fire Resistant
YesBlowout
Resistant
GoodLeak
Performance
1500ºF (820ºC)Approximate
Max. Temp.
Both metal &
sealing material
must be OK
Chemical
Resistant
(Garlock)
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 80
Gaskets – Ring Joint
HighBolt Strength
Needed
YesFire Resistant
YesBlowout
Resistant
Very GoodLeak
Performance
1500ºF
(820ºC)
Approximate
Max. Temp.
Metal must
be OK
Chemical
Resistant
(NE Seal)
Oval
Octagonal
Needed
41. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 81
Bolting
Has to be strong
enough to seat the
gasket
Consider need to be
corrosion resistant to
process fluid
Studs versus bolts
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 82
1st and 2nd degree burns…
after being sprayed with hot water. The bonnet of
the valve had separated from the valve body due
to corroded bonnet bolts.
42. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 83
Bolting Fluid Service Requirements
Low strength bolting [SMYS not greater than
207 MPa (30 ksi)] may not be used with
Pressure classes higher than 300
Metal gaskets
Carbon steel bolting may not be used with
Pressure classes higher than 300
Temperatures outside -29ºC to 204ºC (-20ºF to
400ºF) range
Galvanized carbon steel bolting must be to
heavy hex dimensions
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 84
More Bolting Fluid Service
Requirements
Low strength bolting shall be used for
weaker and more brittle flanged joints
unless
Both flanges are flat faced and a full face
gasket is used, or
A careful bolt-up procedure is used
Low strength bolting may not be used for
Severe Cyclic Conditions
43. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 85
Flanged Joints
“A flanged joint is composed of three
separate and independent, although
interrelated components: the flanges, the
gasket, and the bolting, which are
assembled by yet another influence, the
assembler. Proper controls must be
exercised in the selection and application for
all these elements to attain a joint which has
acceptable leak tightness.” [B16.5]
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 86
Flanged Joints
Facing
NoYesClass 125
gray iron
Class 150
carbon stl
YesNoClass 150
stainless
Class 150
stainless
YesYesClass 150
carbon stl
Class 150
carbon stl
NoNoClass 150
carbon stl
Class 125
gray iron
NoNoClass 125
gray iron
Class 125
gray iron
Bolting
Strength
GasketsBlow-out
Resist?
Fire
Resist?
Flange BFlange A
44. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Course 2. Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection
Metallic Pipe & Fitting Selection - 87
Pipe & Fitting Selection
Workshop: What basic piping system
characteristics would you provide for the following
services:
Steam condensate 650 psig (45 bar) Steam
Chlorine Heat transfer oil
Sulfuric acid Styrene monomer
Gasoline Lime-water slurry
See Supplement page 7 for details.