The document summarizes traffic and transportation issues in the Greater Mumbai region and initiatives by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) to address these issues. Some key points:
- Greater Mumbai has a high population density and limited land area, contributing to traffic congestion issues. MCGM has implemented various infrastructure projects like the Area Traffic Control System and is developing plans like the Coastal Road Project and Comprehensive Mobility Plan.
- The Comprehensive Mobility Plan assesses transportation needs up to 2034 and recommends strategies across all modes of transport to improve mobility. This includes improving public transport, expanding road and parking infrastructure, and promoting walking and cycling.
- MCGM has also formulated
Comprehensive mobility plan for thiruvananthapuramJoel Manoj
This document provides a summary of the Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Thiruvananthapuram prepared by Manoj Varadi. It includes a city profile of Thiruvananthapuram with details on geography, demography, land use and transport systems. It discusses the objectives of improving road connectivity and mobility. Key issues identified are increased traffic and vehicular pollution. The document outlines traffic surveys conducted and proposed strategies such as regional development, network development and travel demand forecasting. Specific problems of narrow roads, inadequate parking and lack of pedestrian facilities are identified along with proposals to address them.
This document summarizes the scope and goals of a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for the city of Patna, India. It provides demographic and transportation details about Patna, including a population of over 2 million, high density, and growing vehicular traffic. It also outlines the existing road network and transportation modes, and discusses integrating land use and transportation planning to accommodate future growth in a more organized manner through the CMP.
This document summarizes a student project analyzing the impacts of a proposed mass rapid transit system (MRTS) on land use in Patna, India. The project aims to investigate the anticipated impacts of the MRTS on land use, mobility, and spatial development in its study area. It involves a literature review on transportation systems and transit-oriented development. The methodology includes case studies of other MRTS projects, analyzing impacts on the study area, and providing recommendations. Key findings from a case study of Dum Dum station in Kolkata include changes in land value and density around the station. The project proposes a land use plan and recommendations for transit-oriented development around the AIIMS station in Patna to maximize benefits.
The Mumbai Urban Transport Project aimed to improve Mumbai's urban transport system and address issues of infrastructure bottlenecks, pollution, and overcrowding of public transport. The project expanded the capacity of the suburban rail network, introduced new bus routes, and constructed new roads. It also resettled over 100,000 people and saw overall cost overruns of 19% due to delays and design changes. While ridership increased more than expected, the project helped reduce overcrowding on trains and pollution from buses.
Comprehensive mobility plan jaipur
National Urban Transport Policy
Mobility issues – snapshot of today
Transport demand for the future
Evaluating and implementation of cmp
1. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched in 2000 with the objective of providing connectivity to rural habitations in India.
2. It aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected rural habitations. The program is implemented by state governments through district and state level agencies.
3. Key features of PMGSY include decentralized district-level planning, national standards and specifications for rural roads, independent project scrutiny, and an online monitoring and management system to track progress.
This document summarizes the Miami-Dade SMART Plan, which plans for six rapid transit corridors in Miami-Dade County. It involved analyzing existing land uses, developing land use and transit scenarios, modeling ridership, and selecting a preferred scenario. The process included public engagement and aimed to integrate land use and transportation planning to support transit. The preferred scenario and policy recommendations will guide future development to make transit more viable.
Comprehensive mobility plan for thiruvananthapuramJoel Manoj
This document provides a summary of the Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Thiruvananthapuram prepared by Manoj Varadi. It includes a city profile of Thiruvananthapuram with details on geography, demography, land use and transport systems. It discusses the objectives of improving road connectivity and mobility. Key issues identified are increased traffic and vehicular pollution. The document outlines traffic surveys conducted and proposed strategies such as regional development, network development and travel demand forecasting. Specific problems of narrow roads, inadequate parking and lack of pedestrian facilities are identified along with proposals to address them.
This document summarizes the scope and goals of a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for the city of Patna, India. It provides demographic and transportation details about Patna, including a population of over 2 million, high density, and growing vehicular traffic. It also outlines the existing road network and transportation modes, and discusses integrating land use and transportation planning to accommodate future growth in a more organized manner through the CMP.
This document summarizes a student project analyzing the impacts of a proposed mass rapid transit system (MRTS) on land use in Patna, India. The project aims to investigate the anticipated impacts of the MRTS on land use, mobility, and spatial development in its study area. It involves a literature review on transportation systems and transit-oriented development. The methodology includes case studies of other MRTS projects, analyzing impacts on the study area, and providing recommendations. Key findings from a case study of Dum Dum station in Kolkata include changes in land value and density around the station. The project proposes a land use plan and recommendations for transit-oriented development around the AIIMS station in Patna to maximize benefits.
The Mumbai Urban Transport Project aimed to improve Mumbai's urban transport system and address issues of infrastructure bottlenecks, pollution, and overcrowding of public transport. The project expanded the capacity of the suburban rail network, introduced new bus routes, and constructed new roads. It also resettled over 100,000 people and saw overall cost overruns of 19% due to delays and design changes. While ridership increased more than expected, the project helped reduce overcrowding on trains and pollution from buses.
Comprehensive mobility plan jaipur
National Urban Transport Policy
Mobility issues – snapshot of today
Transport demand for the future
Evaluating and implementation of cmp
1. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched in 2000 with the objective of providing connectivity to rural habitations in India.
2. It aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected rural habitations. The program is implemented by state governments through district and state level agencies.
3. Key features of PMGSY include decentralized district-level planning, national standards and specifications for rural roads, independent project scrutiny, and an online monitoring and management system to track progress.
This document summarizes the Miami-Dade SMART Plan, which plans for six rapid transit corridors in Miami-Dade County. It involved analyzing existing land uses, developing land use and transit scenarios, modeling ridership, and selecting a preferred scenario. The process included public engagement and aimed to integrate land use and transportation planning to support transit. The preferred scenario and policy recommendations will guide future development to make transit more viable.
This document outlines the methodology and approach for developing a detailed project report (DPR) to improve public transport systems across 10 cities in Madhya Pradesh, India. The interim report focuses on assessing existing routes and infrastructure, identifying new routes and clusters, estimating required fleet sizes, and developing a financial plan. A multi-stage methodology is described, including secondary data review, site visits, surveys of users and operators, and stakeholder consultations. Demand assessment will utilize three methods: based on travel characteristics, increased frequency on existing routes, and proposed new routes. The interim report will inform the development of policies, business models, infrastructure requirements and a contracting framework to support financially sustainable public transport across the cities.
[Urban transportation policy program]city paper presentation sebrang peraishrdcinfo
The document discusses the sustainable urban transportation master plan for Seberang Perai, Malaysia. It outlines the current transportation challenges facing the growing population, including high private vehicle usage and road congestion. The plan's vision is to create an integrated public transportation system including light rail, bus rapid transit, and improved pedestrian infrastructure to meet the 50% increase in travel demand expected by 2030 in a sustainable way. The strategies and projects outlined are aimed at increasing public transit ridership and making walking and cycling safer and more convenient options. The estimated total cost to implement the transportation master plan is 27 billion Malaysian ringgit by 2030.
The document provides details of a comprehensive mobility plan being developed for Vellore, India from 2014-2033. It summarizes the existing transportation challenges facing Vellore's growing population, including congestion and lack of public transportation options. The plan aims to improve mobility for all citizens through an integrated approach. Key proposals include developing a bus rapid transit system along major corridors, expanding the public bus fleet, improving non-motorized transportation infrastructure, and integrating different transportation modes around stations. The vision is to create a safe, efficient and people-focused multimodal transportation system to support a livable, vibrant and sustainable city.
The document outlines the key components of a regional transport plan, including what regional transport planning entails, the background and purpose of guidelines for these plans, and some of the strategies and processes involved. It discusses how regional transport plans are developed by metropolitan planning organizations every 5 years to identify transportation needs and priorities over a 30-year period. It also briefly describes some elements that are often included in these plans like alternative strategies, financial plans, and performance measures.
Due to rapid unplanned development, versatile land use, rapid population
growth, poor public transport system and increase of private car users, traffic
problems are worsening day by day. The only mass transit is bus which is
insufficient in terms of safety, capacity, comfort, and convenience. Considering
the worsening congestion, it is high time to develop effective mass transit
system such as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a means for achieving sustainable
urban transport in the city
This document summarizes regional transportation planning in Alberta, Canada. It discusses the experiences of Edmonton and Calgary, as well as Fort McMurray, which relies on resource extraction. Key points covered include defining regions of influence, planning horizons and mandates at different government levels, identifying transportation corridors early, and considering different modes and service levels. Partnering between different levels of government and industry is highlighted as important for the unique needs of Fort McMurray.
KA6564 Assignment 4 - Urban Public Transport Reportarmada7000
This document presents the findings of a public transport study for the Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Putrajaya, Bandar Seri Putra and Nilai 3 areas in Malaysia. Current public transport options include bus services, train services, and taxis. However, the study found several issues with the existing system including unsuitable locations of transport facilities causing traffic, shortage of parking, and lack of coverage in some areas. The study aims to propose improvements to the public transport system to meet the growing demand by year 2020, including potential light rail options and enhancements to bus and taxi services.
This document summarizes a study on public transportation demand and requirements in 2020 for several areas in Malaysia. The study objectives are to assess the current situation, provide short and long-term planning, budget for projects, and propose transportation solutions. It analyzes each location and identifies issues such as limited parking, narrow roads, and lack of integration between transportation modes. To address the issues, the study recommends implementing a light rail system similar to Tokyo's subway network and prioritizing existing infrastructure, public transport, and non-motorized options over expansion.
[Urban transportation policy program]city paper presentation rio de janeiroshrdcinfo
Rio de Janeiro's City Hall adopted a policy to expand and modernize the city's high-capacity transportation system in order to increase public transportation ridership from 17% to 52% by 2016. The goals were to implement 4 BRT corridors and a light rail system to connect the areas hosting the 2016 Olympics. Over $19 billion were invested between 2010-2016 through projects led by the City Hall, State Government and private partners to build out the metro, BRT and light rail networks.
This document discusses lessons learned from transit-oriented development (TOD) projects. Key points include:
1) TOD projects mix residential, retail, office, and civic uses within a half-mile of transit to promote walkability and transit usage. The Lindbergh City Center project in Atlanta is provided as an example.
2) New transit investments can significantly increase surrounding property values, with research showing average increases of 5-45%.
3) TOD projects face challenges including assembling land from multiple owners, high development costs, and community opposition to density. Long-term collaboration between public and private partners is important for success.
4) Case studies from Charlotte provide lessons on defining market opportunities
The document summarizes a proposed public transport improvement plan for 10 cities in Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses procuring buses through the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) program for 4 cities including Bhopal. For Bhopal, it analyzes the existing transport system, surveys travel patterns and opinions, estimates demand, and calculates the fleet sizes needed for current and proposed routes to improve coverage, frequency and ridership of the organized public transport system.
Malaysia currently does not have a National Transport Policy (NTP), despite conducting a transportation study in 1967-68. The absence of an NTP has led to disintegration within the transportation industry, misallocation of resources, and inappropriate developments. An NTP is needed to provide clear direction for the transportation industry, integrate different transportation modes, ensure proper allocation of resources, and preserve the environment. The objectives of an NTP would be to create an efficient and economical transportation system that supports economic growth and improves quality of life, while minimizing environmental impacts. The government would play a role in formulating the NTP, regulating the industry, and promoting public transportation to reduce congestion.
Assessing impact of metro stations integrating commercial landuse & trans...Vivek Agnihotri
The study had been done as a dissertation for the academic requirement to be fulfilled for Master in City Planning (Department of Architecture & Regional Planning | Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) in the year of 2015.
This document provides a comprehensive mobility plan for Moscow City. It outlines the current transportation challenges facing the city, including congestion, insufficient road networks, and overcrowded public transportation. The plan sets ambitious goals to address these issues by 2020, such as reducing average commute times by 10 minutes and increasing public transportation ridership and capacity. Key strategies to achieve these goals include expanding the metro, railway, roads and bicycle infrastructure; modernizing trams; establishing a regulated taxi network; and implementing new parking and traffic management technologies. Some initial outcomes of the strategies include reducing congestion in the city center through paid parking and increased availability and organization of parking spaces.
This Presentation shows a comparative study of 5 construction projects in India & abroad enabling us to understand the process of conducting Pre-Project feasibility analysis.
This document provides information on transportation infrastructure in Greater Mumbai. It discusses the road, rail, metro, monorail, air and sea networks in the region. Some key points covered include:
- Greater Mumbai has over 2,000 km of roads and maintains 11 flyovers and 104 bridges.
- The suburban rail network carries over 6 million passengers daily.
- BEST operates over 3,300 buses on 337 routes, carrying 4.5 million passengers daily.
- The metro and monorail systems aim to provide access to currently unserved areas.
- The airport handles up to 40 million passengers annually and a new airport is being built in Navi Mumbai.
Tão tradicional quanto a festa da Feijoada do Cacau, que ocorre no Sábado de Carnaval, é o Caderno Aconteceu do DC, que faz um resumo de tudo o que aconteceu na festa, mostrando todas as presenças ilustres que prestigiaram o evento.
É uma ótima oportunidade para a exposição de sua marca, com possibilidades de aproveitamento no impresso e digital!
Los extravagantes zapatos de tacón de lady gagasilviab01
Lady Gaga es conocida por sus excéntricos atuendos que incluyen zapatos de tacón altos, a pesar de las advertencias de médicos y fans sobre los riesgos de lesiones que esto conlleva. Mientras que ella se siente cómoda con este estilo, expertos advierten que el uso continuado de tacones altos puede causar daños a los tobillos y una mayor probabilidad de problemas de rodillas, caderas y espalda a una edad avanzada.
This document outlines the methodology and approach for developing a detailed project report (DPR) to improve public transport systems across 10 cities in Madhya Pradesh, India. The interim report focuses on assessing existing routes and infrastructure, identifying new routes and clusters, estimating required fleet sizes, and developing a financial plan. A multi-stage methodology is described, including secondary data review, site visits, surveys of users and operators, and stakeholder consultations. Demand assessment will utilize three methods: based on travel characteristics, increased frequency on existing routes, and proposed new routes. The interim report will inform the development of policies, business models, infrastructure requirements and a contracting framework to support financially sustainable public transport across the cities.
[Urban transportation policy program]city paper presentation sebrang peraishrdcinfo
The document discusses the sustainable urban transportation master plan for Seberang Perai, Malaysia. It outlines the current transportation challenges facing the growing population, including high private vehicle usage and road congestion. The plan's vision is to create an integrated public transportation system including light rail, bus rapid transit, and improved pedestrian infrastructure to meet the 50% increase in travel demand expected by 2030 in a sustainable way. The strategies and projects outlined are aimed at increasing public transit ridership and making walking and cycling safer and more convenient options. The estimated total cost to implement the transportation master plan is 27 billion Malaysian ringgit by 2030.
The document provides details of a comprehensive mobility plan being developed for Vellore, India from 2014-2033. It summarizes the existing transportation challenges facing Vellore's growing population, including congestion and lack of public transportation options. The plan aims to improve mobility for all citizens through an integrated approach. Key proposals include developing a bus rapid transit system along major corridors, expanding the public bus fleet, improving non-motorized transportation infrastructure, and integrating different transportation modes around stations. The vision is to create a safe, efficient and people-focused multimodal transportation system to support a livable, vibrant and sustainable city.
The document outlines the key components of a regional transport plan, including what regional transport planning entails, the background and purpose of guidelines for these plans, and some of the strategies and processes involved. It discusses how regional transport plans are developed by metropolitan planning organizations every 5 years to identify transportation needs and priorities over a 30-year period. It also briefly describes some elements that are often included in these plans like alternative strategies, financial plans, and performance measures.
Due to rapid unplanned development, versatile land use, rapid population
growth, poor public transport system and increase of private car users, traffic
problems are worsening day by day. The only mass transit is bus which is
insufficient in terms of safety, capacity, comfort, and convenience. Considering
the worsening congestion, it is high time to develop effective mass transit
system such as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a means for achieving sustainable
urban transport in the city
This document summarizes regional transportation planning in Alberta, Canada. It discusses the experiences of Edmonton and Calgary, as well as Fort McMurray, which relies on resource extraction. Key points covered include defining regions of influence, planning horizons and mandates at different government levels, identifying transportation corridors early, and considering different modes and service levels. Partnering between different levels of government and industry is highlighted as important for the unique needs of Fort McMurray.
KA6564 Assignment 4 - Urban Public Transport Reportarmada7000
This document presents the findings of a public transport study for the Kajang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Putrajaya, Bandar Seri Putra and Nilai 3 areas in Malaysia. Current public transport options include bus services, train services, and taxis. However, the study found several issues with the existing system including unsuitable locations of transport facilities causing traffic, shortage of parking, and lack of coverage in some areas. The study aims to propose improvements to the public transport system to meet the growing demand by year 2020, including potential light rail options and enhancements to bus and taxi services.
This document summarizes a study on public transportation demand and requirements in 2020 for several areas in Malaysia. The study objectives are to assess the current situation, provide short and long-term planning, budget for projects, and propose transportation solutions. It analyzes each location and identifies issues such as limited parking, narrow roads, and lack of integration between transportation modes. To address the issues, the study recommends implementing a light rail system similar to Tokyo's subway network and prioritizing existing infrastructure, public transport, and non-motorized options over expansion.
[Urban transportation policy program]city paper presentation rio de janeiroshrdcinfo
Rio de Janeiro's City Hall adopted a policy to expand and modernize the city's high-capacity transportation system in order to increase public transportation ridership from 17% to 52% by 2016. The goals were to implement 4 BRT corridors and a light rail system to connect the areas hosting the 2016 Olympics. Over $19 billion were invested between 2010-2016 through projects led by the City Hall, State Government and private partners to build out the metro, BRT and light rail networks.
This document discusses lessons learned from transit-oriented development (TOD) projects. Key points include:
1) TOD projects mix residential, retail, office, and civic uses within a half-mile of transit to promote walkability and transit usage. The Lindbergh City Center project in Atlanta is provided as an example.
2) New transit investments can significantly increase surrounding property values, with research showing average increases of 5-45%.
3) TOD projects face challenges including assembling land from multiple owners, high development costs, and community opposition to density. Long-term collaboration between public and private partners is important for success.
4) Case studies from Charlotte provide lessons on defining market opportunities
The document summarizes a proposed public transport improvement plan for 10 cities in Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses procuring buses through the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) program for 4 cities including Bhopal. For Bhopal, it analyzes the existing transport system, surveys travel patterns and opinions, estimates demand, and calculates the fleet sizes needed for current and proposed routes to improve coverage, frequency and ridership of the organized public transport system.
Malaysia currently does not have a National Transport Policy (NTP), despite conducting a transportation study in 1967-68. The absence of an NTP has led to disintegration within the transportation industry, misallocation of resources, and inappropriate developments. An NTP is needed to provide clear direction for the transportation industry, integrate different transportation modes, ensure proper allocation of resources, and preserve the environment. The objectives of an NTP would be to create an efficient and economical transportation system that supports economic growth and improves quality of life, while minimizing environmental impacts. The government would play a role in formulating the NTP, regulating the industry, and promoting public transportation to reduce congestion.
Assessing impact of metro stations integrating commercial landuse & trans...Vivek Agnihotri
The study had been done as a dissertation for the academic requirement to be fulfilled for Master in City Planning (Department of Architecture & Regional Planning | Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) in the year of 2015.
This document provides a comprehensive mobility plan for Moscow City. It outlines the current transportation challenges facing the city, including congestion, insufficient road networks, and overcrowded public transportation. The plan sets ambitious goals to address these issues by 2020, such as reducing average commute times by 10 minutes and increasing public transportation ridership and capacity. Key strategies to achieve these goals include expanding the metro, railway, roads and bicycle infrastructure; modernizing trams; establishing a regulated taxi network; and implementing new parking and traffic management technologies. Some initial outcomes of the strategies include reducing congestion in the city center through paid parking and increased availability and organization of parking spaces.
This Presentation shows a comparative study of 5 construction projects in India & abroad enabling us to understand the process of conducting Pre-Project feasibility analysis.
This document provides information on transportation infrastructure in Greater Mumbai. It discusses the road, rail, metro, monorail, air and sea networks in the region. Some key points covered include:
- Greater Mumbai has over 2,000 km of roads and maintains 11 flyovers and 104 bridges.
- The suburban rail network carries over 6 million passengers daily.
- BEST operates over 3,300 buses on 337 routes, carrying 4.5 million passengers daily.
- The metro and monorail systems aim to provide access to currently unserved areas.
- The airport handles up to 40 million passengers annually and a new airport is being built in Navi Mumbai.
Tão tradicional quanto a festa da Feijoada do Cacau, que ocorre no Sábado de Carnaval, é o Caderno Aconteceu do DC, que faz um resumo de tudo o que aconteceu na festa, mostrando todas as presenças ilustres que prestigiaram o evento.
É uma ótima oportunidade para a exposição de sua marca, com possibilidades de aproveitamento no impresso e digital!
Los extravagantes zapatos de tacón de lady gagasilviab01
Lady Gaga es conocida por sus excéntricos atuendos que incluyen zapatos de tacón altos, a pesar de las advertencias de médicos y fans sobre los riesgos de lesiones que esto conlleva. Mientras que ella se siente cómoda con este estilo, expertos advierten que el uso continuado de tacones altos puede causar daños a los tobillos y una mayor probabilidad de problemas de rodillas, caderas y espalda a una edad avanzada.
O documento descreve a revista CARAS, que completa 20 anos no Brasil em 2013. Ela é a maior revista de entretenimento da América Latina, com mais de 4 milhões de leitores semanais no Brasil. A revista é multiplataforma e tem forte presença digital. Ela realiza eventos exclusivos para um público de alto poder aquisitivo.
Um desses eventos é o Castelo de CARAS, que acontece em um castelo luxuoso nos arredores de Nova York e recebe celebridades. Neste evento de 20 anos da CARAS
This document provides an overview of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) security challenges and strategies. It describes common SCADA system components and functionality. It then discusses increasing cyber threats to SCADA systems from sources like hostile governments and employees. The document outlines various physical and cyber vulnerabilities in SCADA systems and components. It recommends security standards from organizations like NIST, ISA, and NERC to help mitigate risks. The document also provides guidelines on physical asset security and cybersecurity strategies.
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
The Development of Public Transportation Strategic Plan for Metro Cebu Volume...Emmanuel Mongaya
This document provides an executive summary of the final report on developing a public transportation strategic plan for Metro Cebu. It summarizes the methodology, existing public transport situation, identification of potential medium to high capacity transit corridors, selection of transit corridors, and key findings and recommendations. The study involved comprehensive data collection and transport modeling to analyze passenger demand and identify the most suitable transit backbone corridors to form the structure of an improved public transportation system for Metro Cebu. Seven alternative transit corridors were proposed and evaluated based on passenger volume forecasts to select the priority corridors for implementation.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
1. The document outlines various transport strategies for integrated land use and transport planning, including transit-oriented development, establishing mobility corridors focused on mass transit, developing networks for non-motorized transport, and managing freight, parking, traffic, and demand.
2. It discusses how to conduct alternative analyses to evaluate different project options and select the preferred alternative, as well as the steps to create a comprehensive mobility plan (CMP) to guide long-term transport vision and implementation.
3. A CMP establishes service level benchmarks to measure performance across public transport, pedestrian infrastructure, and other areas and recommends an institutional framework.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MUMBAI MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the social, environmental, and transportation impacts of the proposed 337 km Mumbai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). It discusses the existing transportation infrastructure in MMR including the extensive suburban rail network and growing road network. A four-stage transportation demand model is used to forecast travel patterns and modal shifts with the implementation of MRTS through 2041. Environmental impact analysis examines expected reductions in emissions from reduced road traffic. Social impact analysis considers travel time savings and increased transportation comfort. The results will help determine if such a large MRTS investment is justified and create a framework to assess public transit needs in other Indian cities.
This document provides background information on a market research project analyzing the utility of a skywalk in Bandra, Mumbai. It discusses the congestion issues at Bandra Station that led to the skywalk's construction. Details provided include the skywalk's features, implementation agencies, challenges during construction, and future planned skywalk projects. The research objectives are to determine if there was a need for the skywalk, identify if potential commuters are using it, and if not, understand the reasons in order to suggest solutions to increase usage. A descriptive research design utilizing secondary data sources and primary data collection via questionnaires and observation will be used.
Luong Minh Phuc, General Director, Urban-Civil Works Construction Investment Management Authority of HCM (UCCI)
Presented at Transforming Transportation 2016
This document discusses Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a tool for effective and sustainable urban growth. TOD aims to integrate land use and transportation planning by encouraging high-density, mixed-use development within walking distance of public transit stations. The document reviews the concept and basic structure of TOD, including its benefits like reduced traffic, pollution and infrastructure costs. Case studies from cities like Surabaya and Jabodetabek demonstrate how TOD can help address issues of urbanization, mobility and greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the document argues that TOD provides a strategic approach to sustainable planning and design that can solve common problems faced by growing cities.
Landscape design for multimodal transport corridorsGeeva Chandana
This document outlines the structure and process of a dissertation on landscape design for multimodal transport corridors in Chennai, India. It begins with an introduction to the problem and outlines the objectives and significance of the study. It then describes the research process, including literature reviews, case studies of projects in India and abroad, and data collection through secondary research and primary methods like questionnaires and site visits. Case studies are presented on transport corridors in Chennai like the OMR corridor to analyze the existing landscape and potential for improvement. The goal is to understand how landscape design can enhance multimodal transit systems and the imageability of the city.
Transit oriented development (TOD) aims to maximize residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport to increase ridership and promote sustainable urban growth. A TOD typically includes a central transit stop surrounded by a high-density mixed-use area, with lower densities further out. TODs reduce reliance on private vehicles, improve quality of life, increase property values and reduce pollution. Case studies in Bangalore, India showed that metros can induce land use changes and densification around stations through increased building heights and commercial space.
The document discusses setting up Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to oversee city bus services through public-private partnerships. It provides the example of Indore, India, where an SPV called Indore City Transport Services Limited was formed by the municipal corporation and development authority to contract private operators to run bus routes. The SPV selected routes, color-coded buses, implemented a smart card ticketing system and GPS tracking to coordinate the unified bus system. Setting up professionally managed SPVs is presented as an effective model for planning and operating integrated city bus networks.
Session 7b: Part I- Decarbonising urban transport - WBOECD Environment
The document discusses urban transport challenges in Indonesian cities and proposes strategies for low carbon mobility. Key points:
1) Indonesian cities face major congestion problems that hinder economic growth due to rapid motorization, low public transport usage, and lack of transit infrastructure. This leads to large economic losses and emissions increases annually.
2) Sub-national governments lack capacity to address urban mobility problems on their own. A national urban mobility policy and mass transit program are needed to support cities.
3) The World Bank proposes an "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework focusing on shifting trips to public transit, walking, and cycling to significantly reduce emissions by 2040. Prioritizing mass transit development,
The document provides an introduction and background on the EN TRIPS project, which aims to implement the transportation vision established in the Eastern Neighborhoods Area Plans of San Francisco. It discusses the project scope and objectives, which include identifying and designing key transportation infrastructure projects to address impacts of growth in the Eastern Neighborhoods. The objectives call for investing in improved transit, pedestrian, bicycle, and other multimodal facilities to efficiently move people and goods through these neighborhoods as population and employment are forecast to greatly increase. The document also reviews the relevant transportation policies that provide input to the EN TRIPS project.
ALTERNATE ROPEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR MANPADA ROADcivej
Cities grow in dynamic complex patterns, creating many problems. The study area of Dombivli - Manpada road has grown haphazardly in past decade due to population xplosion. Manpada road attracts heavy traffic but due to narrow roads and inefficient transit options, it leads to severe traffic congestion, side friction, delays, stress, accidents and other problems. Alternate ropeway transit system provides a better
public transit option and plays important role in reducing use of fossil fuels thus helping fight climate change. Total travel during peak hours is expected to double from 48000 to 88000 by 2031 which needs to be supported by various public transits. Cost benefit analysis is used here for evaluating desirability of project by weighting benefits against costs. Ropeway is expected to provide sustainable development,
efficient and effective public transit option and contribute to protection and enhancement of environment.
This document discusses financing sustainable public transport. It analyzes different countries' and cities' approaches, including national urban mobility policies, mobility master plans, and national programs for financial support. It also covers frameworks for metropolitan transport authorities and actions to work towards high quality, financially sustainable public transport systems. Key recommendations include regaining regulatory power for transport authorities, improving subsidy methodology, setting prices for private modes appropriately, and exploring new funding sources like land value capture and transport NAMAs.
The document discusses Malaysia's plans to shift reliance away from private vehicles and towards public transportation. It summarizes Malaysia's Vision 2020 goals of achieving developed nation status and unity through initiatives like the National Public Transport Framework. The Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) was formed in 2010 to lead this transformation by developing a National Land Public Transport Master Plan and several subsidiary plans focused on improving rail, bus, taxi and integration systems. Major infrastructure projects underway include the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit system, bus rapid transit lines, and the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail link. The overall aim is to increase public transportation's modal share to 40% by 2030 to reduce congestion, pollution and support economic growth
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
The document discusses the various roles of a transport economist which include selecting an appropriate transportation system, performing costing and pricing analyses to ensure cost recovery, generating capital and funds, assessing demand and supply, promoting connectivity and subsidies, fostering socio-economic development while protecting the environment, adopting new technologies, estimating and forecasting transportation needs, establishing legal frameworks and regulations, formulating and evaluating transportation projects, enabling economic growth, and managing transportation systems and personnel. It provides examples of how transport economists performed these roles for Bogota's TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit system, ensuring the efficient and sustainable improvement of public transportation.
The document summarizes a study on developing an integrated land use and transport vision for Greater Bunbury, Western Australia. Bunbury is experiencing rapid population growth but faces challenges of increasing traffic and low public transport use. The study developed a model to address these issues and proposes strategies like improving pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, expanding parking options, restructuring the bus system, and promoting higher density, mixed-use development around commercial nodes to better integrate land use and public transport. The vision aims to guide the community's development over the next 20 years but implementing it faces challenges of funding, community acceptance, and inter-government cooperation.
Similar to Note on T&T Issues in GM and MCGM's Initiatives and Policies_13th Jan 2015_V3 (20)
Note on T&T Issues in GM and MCGM's Initiatives and Policies_13th Jan 2015_V3
1. Note on
Traffic & Transportation Issues in Greater Mumbai and MCGM’s
Initiatives and Policies
1. Background
The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is one of the fastest growing metropolises in India. With a
population of 24.4 million (Census, 2011), it is ranked as the sixth largest metropolitan region in the
world. Greater Mumbai is in effect the mother city and represents a significant engine of growth for the
whole region. Greater Mumbai with a population of 12.44 million (about 51% of the MMR’s
population) is India’s most populous city. Greater Mumbai is, however, severely constrained by its
geography and occupies a small land area of 428.28 sqkm (9.8% of MMR area of 4,355 sqkm). With a
limited supply of land it has one of the highest population densities amongst the large metropolises in
the world. Although, over time, other areas in MMR viz. Thane, Navi Mumbai and Mira Bhayander
have also experienced major economic growth. About 700,000 people enter Greater Mumbai from the
surrounding areas in the morning peak period for work and other purposes.
Traffic congestion, transportation issues in Greater Mumbai are very complex as the population and
employment densities are very high in many areas of Greater Mumbai, limited land for development and
providing adequate transport infrastructure, linear city and narrow street networks, informal hawking
activity near the suburban railway stations, etc. These issues are briefly presented as follows.
a) Changing Demographic, Socio economic characteristics: Immigration and mobility between
closely located municipal corporations and councils;
b) Pedestrian movement: inadequate facilities;
c) Growth in private vehicle ownership: traffic congestion and high travel times/ low travel speeds;
d) Parking problems: high private vehicle growth, inadequate on-street and off-street parking
facilities;
e) Encroachments: shops, informal hawking activity, etc.;
f) Intersections: high traffic and pedestrian traffic volumes, improper geometrics, uncontrolled, sub
optimal traffic signal design and coordination;
g) Road user behavior: private vehicle users, IPT drivers/ operators;
h) Road accident characteristics: casual approach of road users in observing driving rules, adhering
to safety precautions and regulations;
i) Slow pace of transport infrastructure implementation: Huge backlog of projects, cost and time
overruns, overcrowding in suburban and bus system, traffic congestion, etc.;
j) Intermodal Integration: Congested suburban station areas, intermodal integration facilities for
metro and monorail corridors;
k) Institutional arrangements and capacity building: Lack of coordination, lack of expertise,
procurement processes, etc.; and
l) Resource mobilisation: Inadequate funding.
MCGM has initiated number of traffic and transportation projects in Greater Mumbai and initiated
Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Greater Mumbai to plan for traffic and transportation
infrastructure for the horizon period upto 2034. Details are presented in the following sections.
2. 2. MCGM’s Initiatives on Traffic & Transportation Infrastructure
MCGM implemented Area Traffic Control System (ATCS) in two phases i.e. Phase I and Phase II
covering 53 and 200 signalised intersection respectively under Mumbai Urban Transport Project
(MUTP) out of 578 signalised intersections in Greater Mumbai;
Mumbai Road Master Plan: The plan period for strengthening and widening of the existing roads in
Greater Mumbai is 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 and the roads covered are major roads (width
more than 30 feet) and minor roads (width less than 30 feet). As per the Master Plan, total length of
roads covered are 842 km for asphalt improvement and 398 km for CC road improvement at a cost
of Rs. 4,200 crores and Rs. 3,600 crores respectively. The works are under active progress;
Project preparatory works are in progress on Coastal Road Project (Cuffe Parade to Marve-Length:
36 km and Approx. Cost: Rs. 10,000 crores) which would become a major alternative for North-
South direction;
Project preparatory works are in progress on Goregaon-Mulund Link Road which provides major
East-West connectivity in suburbs of Greater Mumbai benefitting the Greater Mumbai, Thane, Navi
Mumbai, etc. (Length: 13.6 km and Apprx. Cost: Rs. 1,000 crores);
Development of truck terminals and Inter City/State Bus Terminals at the existing Octroi Naka
locations;
Development of D P Road–Parallel to SV Road and Link Road from Borivali to Kandivali;
Station Area Traffic Improvement Scheme (SATIS) for Kurla suburban railway station area.
Approximate cost: Rs. 330 crores;
MCGM submitted proposal to Bloomberg Philanthropies Foundation on Road Safety;
MCGM constituted “Think Tank” to discuss and guide the administration regarding various issues
such as public communication, open space for pedestrian, traffic and transportation related issues,
etc.;
Initiated Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Greater Mumbai for assessment of traffic &
transportation infrastructure for Greater Mumbai for the horizon period upto 2034;
Developed Footpath Guidelines in June, 2014 under “Pedestrian First” Policy; and
New Parking Policy;
3. Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Greater Mumbai
Comprehensive Mobility Plan is initiated for preparation of traffic and transportation infrastructure plan
for Greater Mumbai area for the period 2014-2034 in line with National Urban Transport Policy, 2006
(NUTP), which focuses on the mobility of people and not vehicles. NUTP, 2006 censes, upon the need
of promoting safe pedestrian movement, bicycle movement and public transport, integration of land use
and transport planning. The study was initiated in March, 2014 and planned for completion by June,
2015.
The study objectives are as follows:
a) Study of existing and proposed landuse pattern and transport network pattern;
b) Identify travel pattern of residents of the local planning area of Municipal Corporation of Greater
Mumbai (MCGM);
c) Develop land use transport model to evolve a long-term strategy for urban structure and road
3. network pattern;
d) Select, develop and operationalise an Urban Transport Planning (UTP) model using state of the
art modelling techniques and software package, appropriate to the conditions and planning needs
of the study area;
e) Assess the relevance of the existing strategy, identify the consequences of pursuing alternative
transportation strategies and recommend/ update a short term, medium term and long term
comprehensive transportation strategy for the study area upto 2031 based on cost benefit analysis
of alternatives;
f) Strategies for transport policy and parking policy as an integrated part of urban planning;
g) Identify for all modes a phased program of appropriate and affordable investments and policy
proposals and also integration of various modes of mass transit as well as public transport with
Intermediate Public Transport (IPT);
h) Assess the existing infrastructure requirements and forecast short term and long term
requirements;
i) Recommend institutional mechanism for inter-agency co-ordination;
j) Help strengthen transport planning skills and transfer all data, planning model/ tools and
knowledge obtained through the study to agencies such as MCGM, MMRDA, BEST, Railway,
Metro, Monorail, Traffic Police, etc.; and
k) Operationalise LUP Model, Transport Model and Transport Circulation model as decision tools
for use by city planners, traffic police and public transport company.
The study outcome consists of the following:
a) Low cost traffic management measures: Intersection improvements, traffic signal installation,
ATCS Phase III, One‐way schemes, removal of encroachments on footpaths/ carriageways,
grade separation of intersections, RoBs/ RUBs, FoBs/ Subways, off‐street parking facilities,
Corridor Development/ Improvement Plans, etc.;
b) Improvements in traffic operating conditions: Strengthening/ Widening of existing roads,
development new East‐West links, new links, etc.;
c) Enhancing Transport Connectivity to Nariman Point, Lower Parel, BKC, etc. : Metro/ BRTS/
Road links
d) NMT improvements: “Pedestrian First Policy”: Footpath improvements, providing adequate
footpath facilities for existing roads and new proposed roads, Cycle tracks, etc. ;
e) Parking Standards and Parking Policy: Revision of existing parking standards and Parking
Policy with prime objective of deterrence measure for use of private vehicles;
f) Public Transport improvement proposals: Bus system improvements, BRTS corridors, Suburban
rail improvements, Station Area Traffic Improvement Schemes (SATIS), metro/ monorail
corridors, inter‐modal integration, etc.; and
g) Institutional Changes: Broad institutional changes for improving the coordination among the
departments, other organisations, capacity building, expertise, etc.
h) Resource Mobilisation: Alternative sources of funding for delivery of proposed transport
infrastructure.
4. Pedestrian First Policy, June 2014 – Footpath Guidelines by MCGM
As per the Home Interview Surveys carried out as part of Comprehensive Mobility Plan study, it is
observed that, about 55% walk and 34% either use train, bus or auto rickshaw. Around 11%, use private
mode of transport i.e. two wheeler, car, etc. If we consider only mechanised modes of travel, local trains
are most important mode of transportation with over 50% of people using it. Another 27% use bus as
4. their main mode of transportation. Appreciable journeys are also made by two wheelers and rickshaws.
The access/ egress mode of the suburban train and bus users is mostly by walk. These figures indicate
the dominance of walk in Greater Mumbai and warrant for good quality pedestrian facilities. In Greater
Mumbai pedestrians are more vulnerable user group facing the accidents.
Recognizing the importance of convenient, comfortable and safe movement of pedestrians in Greater
Mumbai, MCGM conceived “Pedestrian First Policy” and formulated footpath guidelines covering the
following:
A. Footpath surface
B. Footpath Width
C. External Utilities/ Obstructions
D. Encroachments
E. Continuity
F. Cross Falls/ Camber
G. Service Chamber Covers
H. Guard Rails: Hazardous locations, Junctions, Bus stops, Railway stations, Subways and FoBs,
Central Reserve, etc.
I. Bollards
J. Installation Guidelines: Railing, Bollards
K. Kerbs
L. Level Change
5. Parking Policy
Private vehicle registration data in terms of vehicles on road as on 31st March of every year for the
period 2001 to 2013 indicates that, Two wheelers have grown at 8.97% CAGR, Cars have grown at
6.15% CAGR and Private Vehicles (Two wheelers and Cars) growth is 7.83% CAGR. The private
vehicles on road in Greater Mumbai as on 31st
March, 2013 is 1.94 million. Vehicle ownership is
generally expressed as number of vehicles/1000 population. The increase in private vehicles ownership
during the period 2001 to 2013 in Greater Mumbai is from 66 to 154. CTS for MMR study estimated
private vehicles ownership in Greater Mumbai for the year 2011 as 112/ 1000 population, whereas the
observed is 131/ 1000 population. Average number of private vehicles registered per day in Greater
Mumbai is about 410. This is alarming. The possible reasons could be convenience of the private
vehicles for travel, easy auto finance. The other possible reasons could be overcrowding levels of
suburban and bus modes and project implementation delays of public transport modes i.e. suburban,
metro and monorail. It is assessed that, the private vehicles are further expected to increase in Greater
Mumbai and assessed values for the horizon year 2021 and 2031 are 2.3 million and 2.5 million
respectively (about 177/ 1000 population by 2021 and 183/ 1000 population by 2031). These numbers
indicate huge parking demand both at origin as well as destination end. The traffic police department
recorded more than 4.5 lakh cases of unauthorised parking between January to November, 2014, making
it the biggest traffic violation so far this year. Earlier, in 2010 and 2011 each had booked more than
seven lack offences of unauthorised parking.
5. National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 provides guidelines and recommendations on parking and
following are the excerpts from NUTP, 2006.
a) Land is valuable in all urban areas. Parking places occupy large portions of such land. This fact
should be recognized in determining the principles for allocation of parking space. Levy of a high
parking fee, that truly represents the value of the land occupied, should be used as a means to
make the use of public transport more attractive. Preference in the allocation of parking space for
public transport vehicles and non-motorized modes as well as easier access of work places to and
from such spaces would go a long way in encouraging the use of sustainable transport systems. Park
and ride facilities for bicycle users, with convenient inter-change, would be another useful measure.
Simultaneously, a graded scale of parking fee, that recovers the economic cost of the land used in
such parking, should be adopted. The objective would be to persuade people to use public transport
to reach city centers.
b) State governments would be required to amend building bye laws in all million plus cities so that
adequate parking space is available for all residents / users of such buildings. To enable this, FAR
norms would be made more liberal. Multi-level parking complexes should be made a mandatory
requirement in city centers that have several high rise commercial complexes. Such complexes could
even be constructed underground, including below areas declared as green belts in the master plan.
Such complexes could come up through public-private partnerships in order to limit the impact on
the public budget. All such parking complexes would be encouraged to go in for electronic metering
so that there is better realization of parking fees to make the investments viable and also a better
recovery of the cost of using valuable urban space in the parking of personal motor vehicles. In
residential areas too, appropriate changes in bye-laws would be considered to free the public
carriage way from parked vehicles that impede the smooth flow of traffic. Proposals for parking
complexes would also be given priority under the National Urban Renewal Mission. Provisions
would also be made in the appropriate legislation to prevent the use of the right of way on road
systems for parking purposes.
c) As economic activities in cities expand and city population grows, a substantial amount of freight
traffic would be generated. The timely and smooth movement of such freight is crucial to the
wellbeing of the people and the viability of the economic activities they undertake. However, with
limited capacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic and passenger traffic are so
staggered as to make optimum use of the transport infrastructure. It is a time honored and tested
practice to use off-peak times of passenger travel to move the freight. Many cities have earmarked
late night hours for the movement of freight and restricted the entry of heavy vehicles into cities
during day time. Further, several cities have by-passes that enable through traffic to go around the
city and not add to city traffic. These practices are sound and would be encouraged in all cities. For
this purpose, cities would be encouraged to build by-passes, through innovative and viable public –
private partnerships. Similarly, facilities for the parking of freight vehicles outside city limits, such
as truck terminals, would also be encouraged through public-private partnerships. Proposals for
such facilities would be considered under the National Urban Renewal Mission.
In Greater Mumbai, on-street parking has been observed on major sub-arterial and arterial roads even
the traffic levels are high on these roads. The landuse in the vicinity of many of the roads in Greater
Mumbai is mixed use which demands for on-street parking. There are several sub-arterial and arterial
roads in the study area that need attention in terms of enforcement of parking regulations, on-street
parking prohibition, etc. for efficient movement of vehicles and road-users.
6. The following planning efforts have been made on Parking Policy in the past:
a) Under Mumbai Urban Transport Study (MUTP) II - Non-Rail Component, Technical Assistance
for Traffic Management Unit in MCGM was provided through MVA Asia Ltd. in 2006. This
study recommended a single agency; The Mumbai Municipal Parking Agency (MMPA) which
would be responsible for deciding how much parking there should be in Mumbai and how that
parking should be used, to satisfy some wider transport policy objective; and
b) Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has carried out
Comprehensive Transportation Study (CTS) for Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR during the
period 2005-08 and the study recommended a parking policy for MMR.
MCGM has made further efforts in evolving the Parking Policy since 2006. Due to various reasons the
evolved Parking policy could not get approval of the Standing Committee. However, the Parking Policy
was discussed/ debated and updated taking the consensus. Finally, the proposed Parking Policy got
approved in Jan., 2015. Parking policy guidelines are as follows:
A. On-street Parking:
a. The existing pay & park locations have been categorized in to three categories i.e. A, B and
C based on average parking fee per annum received in the recent past which an indication of
parking demand (Category A: Annual license fee received more than Rs. 10,000/-; Category
B: Annual license fee received between Rs. 5,000 to 10,000/-; Category C: Annual license
fee received less than Rs. 5,000/-). The proposed parking rates for Category A, B and C
locations is Rs. 60/-, Rs. 40/- and Rs.20/- per hour respectively;
b. Concession for taxis: 50% and for Buses: 30% at all the three categories;
c. 50% concession for Sundays and Public holidays;
d. Monthly pass issue locations: Municipal kiosk/ Citizen Facilitation Centre of respective ward
office;
e. Residential Parking;
Only one lane of each direction will be spared to adjoining resident
Only with valid residential address proof
On yearly concessional basis
Only for limited period of 8 PM to 8 AM
Only one parking space for one resident
On receipt of approval Consultant/ Agency will be appointed
Parking near School: The pay & park within radius of 100 m of school are proposed to
be cancelled and allotted to school buses;
f. Parking for Tourist places: To encourage the tourism, the parking places near prominent
tourist places such as Girgaum Chowpatty, Gateway of India, Museum, Juhu Chowpatty, etc.
are proposed to be available for free on holidays.
B. Off-street Parking
a. Rates are proposed half the rate of on-street parking in that respective area/ category; and
b. Prohibiting on-street parking on roads in 500 m of radius of the off-street parking facility;
7. C. Other features of Parking Policy
a. Parking at Mall and Cinema Theatre: The parking spaces at Malls and Cinema theatre are
proposed to make available to nearby resident during high hours after 11:00 PM after due
consent of owners;
b. Web Based parking: Web based parking to be implemented for collection of revenue from
pay & park site. Receipts to be used by hand held devices to eradicate overcharging etc. All
the data to be processed and stored in central server.; and
c. Urban Transport Fund: All expected receipts in the fund are proposed to be utlised for
upgradation of transportation systems of Greater Mumbai. For better administration it is
proposed to appoint traffic marshals and create separate traffic cell.
Following are the benefits of the Parking Policy:
a) Deterrence of owning/ using private vehicles, thus reducing traffic congestion and encourage use
of public transport modes;
b) Optimal utilisation of parking lots and discouraging vehicle owners from parking illegally on
roads;
c) Ease of parking of school buses near the schools;
d) Encourage tourism and entertainment by offering free parking on holidays near prominent tourist
places;
e) Encourage off-street parking; and
f) Expected increase in revenue from parking policy: 8 crores (existing) to 20 to 25 crores per year.
The revenue shall be useful as one of the revenue stream for Urban Transport Fund.