This document defines anemia as a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to decreased hemoglobin (Hb) content, reduced red blood cell (RBC) count, or abnormal RBCs. It lists the main causes of anemia as deficiencies in necessary substances, reduced or absent synthesis, excess destruction, genetic abnormalities, or excess blood loss. The main types of anemia are then defined as iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, and pernicious anemia. Common symptoms of anemia are then listed as fatigue, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, pale skin, leg cramps

2. DEFINITION
Anaemia: Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood due to various
reasons including reduced Hb content or reduced number of RBCs or
abnormal RBCs
Neutropenia: Reduced number of WBCs
Thrombocytopenia: Reduced number of platelets.

3. CAUSES OF ANEMIA
Other
causes
Deficiency
substances
Reduced / absent
synthesis
Excess
destruction
Genetic
abnormalities
Excess loss of
blood
Drug induced

4. TYPES OF ANAEMIA
Iron Deficiency
Anaemia
Aplastic Anaemia
Thalassemia
Haemolytic Anaemia

5. TYPES OF ANAEMIA
Sickle cell
Anaemia
Pernicious Anaemia
Fan
coni
Anaemi
A

6. COMMON SYMPTOMS OF ANAEMIA
Fatigue & loss of energy Significant increase in heart beat,
particularly with exercise
Headache & shortness of breath,
specifically with exercising
Dizziness

7. Pale Skin
Leg cramps Difficulty concentrating
Insomnia
COMMON SYMPTOMS OF ANAEMIA

8. Drug causing Megaloblastic / Macrocytic Anaemia
Antifolates
Pyrimethamine, Trimethoprim, Methotrexate,
Proguanil
Antiepileptics
Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine,
Primidone
Hypoglycaemic drug Metformin
Potassium sparing diuretic Triamterene
Anaesthetic Nitrous oxide (prolonged use)